Sequence analysis and quantitative detection of Norwalk-like viruses in cultured oysters of China     

Jun Wang  Qingjuan Tang  Zhiqin Yue  Zhaojie Li  Jin Zhang  Changhu Xue 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2008,7(2):223-227

We isolated 4 Norwalk-like viruses (NLVs) contaminated oysters from 33 Chinese oysters collected from local commer-cial sources of Shandong Province. After amplification of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) region of NLVs genomes with RT-PCR, the open reading frame 1 (ORF1) of the RdRp was sequenced and subjected to multiple-sequence alignment. The re-suits showed that NLVs in the four isolates belong to genogroup Ⅱ. The sequence comparison showed that the similarity between four Chinese oyster isolates were higher than 99.0%, which indicated that NLVs prevalent in close areas have high homogeneity in genome sequences. In addition, the most conserved sequences between diverse NLVs were used to design primers and TaqMan probes, then the real-time quantitative PCR assay was performed. According to the standard curve of GII NLVs, the original amounts (copies) of NLVs in positive patient's fecal isolate, positive Japanese oyster isolate, and the Chinese oyster isolate were 8.9×108, 1.25×108 and 4.7×101 respectively. The detecting limit of NLVs was 1×101 copies. This study will be helpful for routine diagnosis of NLVs pathogens in foods and thus for avoiding food poisoning in the future.  相似文献   

成矿定量预测与深部找矿   总被引：19，自引：1，他引：18  

赵鹏大 《地学前缘》2007,14(5):1-10

成矿预测是在不确定条件下制定最优决策的工作。成矿预测作为一种地质系统,与其他技术、经济系统存在重要区别。由于矿床类型的多样性,矿床成因的复杂性,控矿因素的隐蔽性和找矿信息的多解性,成矿预测结果具有不确定性并常常因人而异。探索成矿预测过程客观化、定量化和精确化一直是成矿预测学的前沿课题。文中以个旧锡矿为例展示致矿地质异常与矿体空间产出及分布的密切关系,强调以"求异"准则为指导的成矿定量预测的重要性。当今地质勘查工作面临深部找矿问题,论文从深部找矿的概念、类型、目标、效益等方面简要介绍了国外理论研究和找矿实践概况。强调深部找矿中要加强地壳深部结构的研究,要重视深部找矿的经济"回报率"和勘查项目的"转化率"的重要性。  相似文献   

一种新的岩浆岩分类定量方法     

丁卫平  司玉庆  毛学超 《江苏地质》2023,47(1):30-43

目前,岩浆岩的超基性、基性、中性、酸性的分类均根据SiO2的含量,但这种单一含量判别标准并不严谨,含量经常与分类不完全对应。使用TraceElem 1.0软件对各种岩浆岩进行逐步判别分析、聚类分析和对应分析研究,据此认为超基性岩由MgO和FeO组成的因子确定,基性岩则由P2O5、Fe2O3、TiO2、CaO、MnO组成的因子确定,中性岩由Na2O和Al2O3组成的因子确定,酸性岩由K2O和SiO2组成的因子确定。岩浆岩的分类宜以SiO2为主、以MgO和CaO为辅,尤其要引入MgO。在SiO2含量相同的情况下,MgO、CaO含量越高,基性程度越强。基于这一分析结果,提出一种新的酸度指数（ADI)计算方法,即ADI=w(SiO2)-0.75w(MgO)-0.23w(CaO),ADI<38.0%为超基性岩,在38.0%～52.0%之间为基性岩,在52.0%～62.5%之间为中性岩,>62.5%为酸性岩。  相似文献   

基于无人机航测的天景山断裂孟家湾地貌精细解译及活动构造定量参数提取     

刘超  杜鹏  雷启云  武治群  吕俊强  余思汗 《地震研究》2022,45(1):100-108

利用无人机摄影测量技术航测天景山断裂孟家湾的地表地形地貌数据,以获取的数字高程模型为基础,通过构造地貌精细解译进一步提取地震断层的水平位移量及垂直位错量,计算断层的平均水平滑动速率,并分析判识了古地震事件。结果表明:①研究区发育3期河流阶地T₃、T₂、T₁,且均被断错,最新的冲沟T₀未见错动;②在T₁阶地面上提取水平位移量为(7.77±0.98)m,计算得到全新世中期以来的平均水平滑动速率为0.86~0.91 mm/a;③在T₁阶地面上跨陡坎提取垂直位错量为(0.61±0.11)m,其坡度存在2个明显拐点,代表2次地表破裂型地震事件,推测在12000 a前,即晚更新世末期或全新世初期以来至少发生过2次地表破裂型地震。  相似文献   

沉积盆地构造核心理论和关键技术方法:前沿与发展方向     

杨树锋  贾承造  陈汉林  贾东  魏国齐  肖安成  郭召杰  程晓敢  吴磊  尹宏伟  章凤奇  林秀斌 《地学前缘》2022,29(6):10-23

系统分析前人在沉积盆地构造研究的基础上,论文总结了沉积盆地构造核心理论和关键技术方法的前沿与发展方向。沉积盆地构造核心理论包括盆地分类理论、成盆机制理论、变形定量分析理论和盆地充填过程理论。盆地分类理论是依据不同分类标准建立盆地分类方案,其发展趋势是基于资源与构造背景的原型盆地分类和基于盆地演化的叠合盆地分类;成盆机制理论是定量模拟不同作用机制下(纯热机制、构造作用、负载作用)盆地沉降过程及其控制因素,其发展趋势是三维成盆动力学模拟;变形定量分析理论包括断层相关褶皱理论、临界楔理论和盐构造理论,其发展趋势是三维构造建模与三维定量变形分析;盆地充填过程理论主要开展不同构造成因盆地的充填过程对比与盆山过程的源-汇分析,其发展趋势是多元源-汇分析与定量化盆地分析。沉积盆地构造关键前沿技术包括三维构造建模技术、构造物理模拟与数值模拟技术和基于三维构造恢复的裂缝预测技术。构造物理模拟技术包括了基于工业CT扫描成像物理模拟技术:可以无损动态监测构造带内部变形演化过程,精确构建变形带三维空间展布形态;基于PIV的有限应变分析的物理模拟技术:可以定量分析变形的演化过程,直观展示应变分布特征,探讨构造应变动态分布规律;基于超重力离心机的构造物理模拟技术:可以模拟不同尺度构造流变过程,探讨岩石圈浅层脆性变形与深层韧性流变之间的动力学机制。  相似文献   

南海北部琼东南盆地第四系陆架边缘轨迹迁移及深水沉积模式     

马畅  葛家旺  赵晓明  廖晋  姚哲  朱继田  方小宇  向柱 《地学前缘》2022,29(4):55-72

陆架边缘迁移轨迹综合受控于构造、物源、海平面和气候等多种因素,其迁移演化与深水沉积体系发育关系密切。陆架边缘迁移规律及沉积物输送体制与深水砂体预测是当前国际地学领域的热点议题。本文通过基于琼东南盆地新采集的高精度地震资料,定量表征了第四系陆架边缘轨迹,识别了低角度缓慢上升型、中等角度上升型和高角度急剧上升型等3类陆架边缘轨迹类型。2.4 Ma以来,陆架边缘轨迹时空演化可分为3个阶段且具有侧向差异性:2.4~1.9 Ma以低角度缓慢上升型为主,1.9~0.8 Ma西北部以低角度缓慢上升型为主,东北部则以中等角度上升型为主,0.8 Ma至今西北部以中等角度上升型为主,东北部以高角度急剧上升型为主。琼东南盆地第四系陆架边缘迁移轨迹研究表明:当陆架边缘轨迹角0°<α<4°时,陆坡区峡谷规模较小且下切浅,深海平原区发育多期大型海底扇沉积,块体搬运沉积(MTDs)较少;当4°<α<35°时,陆坡区峡谷规模有所增加,深海平原区海底扇沉积与块体搬运沉积均有出现;当35°<α<90°时,陆坡区峡谷发育较少但下切深,深水平原区沉积以大型块体搬运沉积为主,海底扇几乎不发育。琼东南盆地更新世以来气温不断下降,以及东亚冬季风的显著增强,物源供给增强加之海平面的下降进而导致了西北部陆架边缘表现为进积特征;研究区东北部的断裂活动频繁以及物源供给弱,导致了研究区东北部陆坡推进距离远远小于研究区西北部且发育多期次块体搬运沉积物。以上认识对南海北部陆架边缘体系及深水扇预测具有一定的理论意义。  相似文献   

Transformation of ammonium nitrogen and response characteristics of nitrifying functional genes in tannery sludge contaminated soil          下载免费PDF全文

Kong Xiang-ke  Zhang Zi-xuan  Wang Ping  Wang Yan-yan  Zhang Zhao-ji  Han Zhan-tao  Ma Li-sha 《地下水科学与工程》2022,10(3):223-232

High concentrations of ammonium nitrogen released from tannery sludge during storage in open air may cause nitrogen pollution to soil and groundwater. To study the transformation mechanism of NH₄⁺-N by nitrifying functional bacteria in tannery sludge contaminated soils, a series of contaminated soil culture experiments were conducted in this study. The contents of ammonium nitrogen (as NH₄⁺-N), nitrite nitrogen (as NO₂^?-N) and nitrate nitrogen (as NO₃^?-N) were analyzed during the culture period under different conditions of pollution load, soil particle and redox environment. Sigmodial equation was used to interpret the change of NO₃^?-N with time in contaminated soils. The abundance variations of nitrifying functional genes (amoA and nxrA) were also detected using the real-time quantitative fluorescence PCR method. The results show that the nitrification of NH₄⁺-N was aggravated in the contaminated silt soil and fine sand under the condition of lower pollution load, finer particle size and more oxidizing environment. The sigmodial equation well fitted the dynamic accumulation curve of the NO₃^?-N content in the tannery sludge contaminated soils. The Cr(III) content increased with increasing pollution load, which inhibited the reproduction and activity of nitrifying bacteria in the soils, especially in coarse-grained soil. The accumulation of NO₂^?-N contents became more obvious with the increase of pollution load in the fine sand, and only 41.5% of the NH₄⁺-N was transformed to NO₃^?-N. The redox environment was the main factor affecting nitrification process in the soil. Compared to the aerobic soil environment, the transformation of NH₄⁺-N was significantly inhibited under anaerobic incubation condition, and the NO₃^?-N contents decreased by 37.2%, 61.9% and 91.9% under low, medium and high pollution loads, respectively. Nitrification was stronger in the silt soil since its copy number of amoA and nxrA genes was two times larger than that of fine sand. Moreover, the copy numbers of amoA and nxrA genes in the silt soil under the aerobic environment were 2.7 times and 2.2 times larger than those in the anaerobic environment. The abundance changes of the amoA and nxrA functional genes have a positive correlation with the nitrification intensity in the tannery sludge-contaminated soil.  相似文献   

许氏创孔海百合Traumatocrinus hsui的形态定量分析和个体发育过程     

俞银银  贺箫  秦燕娇  史振华  冉维宇  李丙霞  罗永明  喻美艺 《地质论评》2022,68(3):2022062023-2022062023

Traumatocrinus hsu Mu, 1949是关岭生物群的重要组成成员,以数量众多、保存精美、营假浮游生活闻名于世。笔者等通过对5件群体保存标本中的127个大小不同个体的系统描述和形态定量分析,认为T. hsui萼部与整个冠部存在异速生长的特征,个体发育过程中腕的级数和数目逐渐增加;T. hsui的个体发育可分为3个时期6个阶段,即幼年期（Ⅰ、Ⅱ）、少年期（Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ）、成年期;幼年期：个体较小,冠高小于26 mm,腕分枝至4级;少年期：个体中等,冠高26～130 mm,腕分枝至7级;成年期：个体较大,冠高大于130 mm,腕分枝至8级。前人在关岭生物群中研究命名的Traumatocrinus hsui enormis Mu, 1949,Traumatocrinus kueichouensis Mu, 1949,Traumatocrinus uniformis Mu, 1949,Traumatocrinus sp. Mu, 1949,Traumatocrinus guanlingensis Yu et al., 2000和Traumatocrinus xinpuensis Wang et al., 2002等均为T. hsui的同种异名,其命名标本为个体发育的不同阶段或局部特征。  相似文献   

GRA——FAHP模型的煤层底板突水危险性评价     

李博 《地质论评》2015,61(5):1128-1134

矿井水害一直是制约我国煤炭安全生产的重要隐患之一,对其进行准确的预测评价具有十分重要的理论意义和实用价值。本文根据煤层底板突水各影响因素之间的关系是灰色关系并且具有非线性特征的特点,建立了定量与定性指标为一体的煤层底板突水评价指标体系及等级划分标准。同时将灰色关联分析法(GRA)和模糊层次分析法(FAHP)相结合。构建了能真实反映影响因素与底板突水之间灰色关系和非线性关系的底板突水危险性评价模型,并应用模型对某典型工作面突水危险性等级进行了评价,可为今后煤层底板突水预测评价的研究提供一定的借鉴和依据。  相似文献   

龙门山晚新生代地表剥蚀量的定量估算          下载免费PDF全文

王岩  刘少峰  付碧宏  邢树文 《地球科学》2015,40(6):953-964, 1060

龙门山是青藏高原周边山脉中地形梯度变化最大的山脉.利用数字高程模型(digital elevation models, DEM),采用三维残余面法恢复龙门山晚新生代古残余面DEM,并与现代地形面做差值运算,得到研究区域的剥蚀量地形,进而定量估算青衣江、岷江、沱江和涪江主要水系流域晚新生代的地表剥蚀量.结果表明:龙门山晚新生代地表剥蚀总量为80 500~92 800 km3;岷江流域对龙门山地区剥蚀量贡献率约33.9%~37.1%,其次为涪江(33.6%~38.4%)、青衣江(24.1%~31.9%),沱江流域贡献率为0.4%~0.6%;类似2008年“5·12”汶川地震的次生灾害引发的地表快速剥蚀,是青藏高原东缘龙门山造山带晚新生代地表剥蚀的主要原因.   相似文献