Spitzer imaging of i'-drop galaxies: old stars at z≈ 6     

Laurence P. Eyles  rew J. Bunker  Elizabeth R. Stanway  Mark Lacy  Richard S. Ellis  Michelle Doherty 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2005,364(2):443-454

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Long-term precipitation and stream discharge records at seven forested experimental watersheds along a latitudinal transect in Japan: Jozankei,Kamabuchi, Takaragawa,Tsukuba, Tatsunokuchi-yama,Kahoku and Sarukawa     

Takanori Shimizu  Koji Tamai  Ikuhiro Hosoda  Shoji Noguchi  Yuji Kominami  Toshio Abe  Kenzo Kitamura  Ushio Kurokawa  Delphis F. Levia  Tayoko Kubota  Naoki Kabeya  Shin'ichi Iida  Tatsuhiko Nobuhiro  Shinji Sawano  Sho Iwagami  Akira Shimizu  Yoshio Tsuboyama 《水文研究》2021,35(10):e14376

This data note introduces a database of long-term daily total precipitation and stream discharge data for seven forested watersheds in Japan that have been continuously monitored by the Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute. Three of the watersheds started data collection in the 1930s. Forest cover across the sites ranges from cool to warm temperate regions with the latitude spanning from 31 to 44° N and annual precipitation ranging from 1200 to 3000 mm yr⁻¹. The effects of vegetation change via clearcutting, thinning and forest fire (among other stressors) on stream discharge can be analysed from the long-term observation sites. Moreover, this multi-site dataset allows for inter- and intra-site comparisons of annual water loss (difference of annual precipitation and stream discharge). These long-term datasets can provide comprehensive insights into the effects of climate change and other stressors on forested ecosystems, not only in Japan but across a spectrum of forest types, if combined with other long-term records from other forested watersheds across the world.  相似文献   

The Fernow Experimental Forest,West Virginia,USA: Insights,datasets, and opportunities     

Luis Andrés Guillén  Mary Beth Adams  Emily Elliot  Jason Hubbart  Charlene Kelly  Brenden McNeil  William Peterjohn  Nicolas Zegre 《水文研究》2021,35(4):e14106

Long-term experimental watershed studies have significantly influenced our global understanding of hydrological processes. The discovery and characterization of how stream water quantity and quality respond to a changing environment (e.g. land-use change, acidic deposition) has only been possible due to the establishment of catchments devoted to long-term study. One such catchment is the Fernow Experimental Forest (FEF) located in the headwaters of the Appalachian Mountains in West Virginia, a region that provides essential freshwater ecosystem services to eastern and mid-western United States communities. Established in 1934, the FEF is among the earliest experimental watershed studies in the Eastern United States that continues to address emergent challenges to forest ecosystems, including climate change and other threats to forest health. This data note describes available data and presents some findings from more than 50 years of hydrologic research at the FEF. During the first few decades, research at the FEF focused on the relationship between forest management and hydrological processes—especially those related to the overall water balance. Later, research included the examination of interactions between hydrology and soil erosion, biogeochemistry, N-saturation, and acid deposition. Hydro-climatologic and water quality datasets from long-term measurements and data from short-duration studies are publicly available to provide new insights and foster collaborations that will continue to advance our understanding of hydrology in forested headwater catchments. As a result of its rich history of research and abundance of long-term data, the FEF is positioned to continue to advance understanding of forest ecosystems in a time of unprecedented change.  相似文献   

中国冬季最低气温观测与再分析资料的比较     

高庆九  周小艳 《气象科学》2017,37(3):368-375

运用EOF分解、线性趋势分析、方差分析、小波分析、相关分析等方法,从均值、长期变化、年际和年代际变化特征等方面对NCEP/NCAR(N1T)、NCEP/DOE(N2T)、ERA-Interim(ET)、JRA-25(JT)4种再分析资料集和194站观测资料集中1979—2012年我国冬季最低气温(WTMIN)进行比较。结果表明:(1)ET在再现观测冬季最低气温多年平均时最优;(2)除新疆北部和西南部以及东北北部有降低趋势外,我国大部分地区WTMIN有升高的趋势,N1T对观测温度长期变化趋势再现能力优于其他3种资料;(3)观测WTMIN在中国北方和高原地区年际和年代际变化大于南方地区,四种再分析WTMIN对我国冬季最低气温的年际和年代际变化的再现在不同区域各有所长,总体上以ET为优。(4)再分析资料在再现观测WTMIN年代际时间尺度上的能力相当,以ET最优,尤其是在我国中东部地区和新疆北部地区。N1T和N2T对东北地区观测冬季最低气温年际变化的再现能力较好,ET再现观测WTMIN在1990s之前,2005年之后的3~4 a变化周期特征时能力略优于其他3种资料。  相似文献   

A new descriptor for improving geometric-based matching of linear objects on multi-scale datasets     

Alireza Chehreghan 《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2017,54(6):836-861

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Mapping cropping intensity trends in China during 1982–2013     

《Applied geography (Sevenoaks, England)》2017

Long range continuous monitoring information of cropping intensity is useful for sustainable agricultural management but still limited. This study filled this information gap through delivering spatiotemporal continuous datasets of cropping intensity in China during the past 30 years. Cropping intensity data were derived by a wavelet features-based method based on the long-term weekly global EVI2 (Enhance Vegetation Index with two bands) at 0.05° spatial resolution (5 km) from 1982 to 1999 and 8-day composite 500 m Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) surface reflectance products from 2001 to 2013. The remote-sensing estimated images in 2013 agreed well with field survey data (overall accuracy = 91.63%) and the national agricultural census data (r² = 0.89). Results revealed that the cropping intensity remarkably increased during 1982–1999 but slightly declined during 2001–2013. The overall cropping intensity increased from 1.34 in the 1980s to 1.41 in the 1990s, and then dropped to an average of 1.36 after 2000. From 1982 to 1999, approximately 93,225 km² single-cropped areas changed to double-cropping, primarily those located in the North China plain. However, 39,883 km² double-cropped areas were turned back into single-cropping areas from 2001 to 2013, principally located in the North China plain, the Middle-lower Yangtze River plain, and the hill regions of the southern Yangtze River. This reverse trend of cropping intensity was due to combined effects from the corresponding reverse variations in agricultural population, increasing agricultural mechanical power, positive agricultural policy. The agricultural duty free policy has only immediate effects on stabilizing cropping intensity in croplands with more favorable biophysical conditions.  相似文献   

中国区域夏季再分析资料高空变量可信度的检验   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5       下载免费PDF全文

韦芬芬  汤剑平  王淑瑜 《地球物理学报》2015,58(2):383-397

利用全球探空资料(IGRA)对1989—2008年美国国家环境预报中心(NCEP)和大气研究中心(NCAR)再分析资料、NCEP和美国能源部(DOE)再分析资料、NCEP气候预测系统再分析资料(CFSR)、日本气象厅25年再分析资料(JRA-25)、欧洲数值预报中心再分析资料(ERA-Interim)和美国国家航空航天局(NASA)现代回顾性再分析资料(MERRA)的高空变量在中国地区对流层中高层的可信度进行了初步的检验.分析结果表明:再分析资料对中高层位势高度和温度的夏季平均气候态具有较好的再现能力,其EOF的时空变化特征与观测吻合也较好;再分析资料的绝对湿度值较观测结果要偏大,其中MERRA与观测最为接近.再分析资料不能很好地反映经向风的夏季平均气候态及年际变化特征,EOF的时空模态和观测偏离也较大.总体而言,NCEP/NCAR、NCEP/DOE及NCEP/CFSR对这些变量的再现能力较JRA-25、ERA-Interim和MERRA弱.  相似文献   

中国传统农区过去300年耕地重建结果的对比分析   总被引：12，自引：4，他引：8  

何凡能  李士成  张学珍  葛全胜  戴君虎 《地理学报》2012,67(9):1190-1200

土地覆被变化是气候与生态效应模拟研究的重要参量。SAGE和HYDE两个全球历史土地利用数据集在相关研究中得到广泛应用, 但在区域尺度上的应用, 其可靠性如何, 至今少有论及。以我国学者重建的传统农区历史耕地数据集(CHCD) 为基础, 从全区、省区和网格(60 km×60 km) 三个空间尺度, 对SAGE (2010) 和HYDE3.1 数据集中有关中国传统农区历史耕地重建结果进行对比分析, 结果表明:(1) SAGE (2010) 数据集对中国传统农区耕地数量重建是以单一线性插补而得, 其中1700-1950 年是以0.51%的年均增长率线性递增, 1950 年后是以0.34%年均速率线性递减, 这种“标准化”变化趋势不能客观反映传统农区土地垦殖的真实历史, 耕地面积也明显高估, 与CHCD数据集不具有可比性;(2) HYDE3.1 数据集吸纳了区域性研究成果, 使其在总量上与CHCD数据集较为接近, 具有较好的可比性, 但其在省区和网格尺度上与CHCD存在显著差异, 其中相对差异率超过70% (< -70%或> 70%) 的网格占比高达56%~63%, 超过90% (< -90%或> 90%) 的网格占比也高达40%~45%;而相对差异率介于-10%~10%的网格占比仅为5%~6%, 介于-30%~30%的网格占比也仅为17%左右;(3) 充分利用我国丰富的历史文献, 建立更高精度的中国区域历史土地利用数据集, 是提高区域气候与生态效应模拟研究质量的重要保障。  相似文献   

Effects of mesoscale eddies in the active mixed layer: test of the parametrisation in eddy resolving simulations     

M. V. Luneva  C. A. Clayson  M. S. Dubovikov 《地球物理与天体物理流体动力学》2015,109(3):281-310

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Genetic algorithm for fitting a mixed Bingham distribution to 3D orientations: a tool for the statistical and paleostress analyses of fracture orientations          下载免费PDF全文

Atsushi Yamaji 《Island Arc》2016,25(1):72-83

The clustering of fracture orientations is important for tectonic studies and for geotechnical engineering. In this study, a real‐coded genetic algorithm was adopted to fitting a mixed Bingham distribution to orientation data by maximizing the log‐likelihood function of the distribution. The maximization is a difficult problem, because the function has multimodality and singularity. It was found that the algorithm was effective for this problem. Given the orientations of dilational fractures, the present method determines not only the stress axes and stress ratio of each of the fracture groups but also the maximum non‐dimensionalized fluid pressure at the time of their formation. In addition, the software calculates the 95 % error ellipses of the concentration axes. The present method found that the orientations of ore veins of the Akenobe Mine, SW Japan, should be partitioned into three clusters. It is shown that two of the groups had distinctive Zn and Sn contents, and that the ore fluids had overpressures only slightly greater than the minimum principal stress at the time of the deposition of Zn‐ and Sn‐rich veins.  相似文献