热带海洋珍珠贝类立克次体病研究 Ⅳ.组织细胞病理学研究   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

吴信忠  潘金培 《海洋学报》1999,21(2):93-98

类立克次体(RLO)对大珠母贝和合浦珠母贝具有强烈的致病性,引起基本一致的病理变化.在急性坏死破坏期内,RLO导致外套膜、鳃、消化管、肝胰腺、生殖腺腺管及全身血管内皮系统等多器官组织的变性坏死,使器官组织结构的完整性遭到破坏,破坏程度与RLO包涵体的数目密切相关,而细胞的破坏与细胞内RLO的生长发育及繁殖到大量数目密切相关.鉴于此,将RLO引起的珍珠贝病称为类立克次体病(RLO病).RLO病呈急性变质性炎症和慢性增生性炎症病理,在前者细胞呈现崩解性坏死、溶解性坏死和退变性坏死;在后者存在实质细胞增生和纤维母细胞增生为纤维细胞并形成纤维化.根据炎症病理的发展过程,RLO病可分为急性坏死破坏期和慢性增生修复期.  相似文献   

南海污损生物研究的现状及展望   总被引：10，自引：1，他引：10  

方芳  严涛 《热带海洋学报》2004,23(1):76-85

污损生物的研究包括生态学、附着机理和防除研究3个方面，其中生态学是基础，附着机理是核心，而防除研究则是解决生物污损问题的终极目标。回顾了中国南海多年来污损生物研究的发展历程，论述了该海区污损生物的主要生态特点，并从生态学角度、生物附着机理和防除手段的研究开发等方面探讨了下一阶段的研究重点和发展方向。  相似文献   

GC/MS Nontarget Analysis to Examine an Organic Groundwater Contamination. Part II: Graphical and Multivariate Methods for Searching Key Substances     

S. Geiß  A. Kolbe  J. W. Einax 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》1999,27(2):65-71

GC/MS Nontarget Analysis to Examine an Organic Groundwater Contamination. Part II: Graphical and Multivariate Methods for Searching Key Substances In the nontarget analysis, a maximum of organic substances was extracted by a sequence which separates high polar, medium polar, and nonpolar compounds. This leads to the detection of 477 different organic substances in the example of the groundwater contamination investigated. To reduce the high expense for an exact identification of 477 compounds as a first step the individual compound is defined as a data set of retention time and the mass spectrum belonging to this retention time. The table of data contains now 477 individual compounds in groundwater samples collected at 10 different locations. The application of mathematical filters helps to reduce the size of the data set. Graphical methods enable large amounts of data to be visualized in a clear manner and enable to detect patterns in a data set. These patterns are the key to select typical compounds as indicator substances for the contamination source as well as the geogenic background. Similarities between the groundwater samples should not be changed by selection of the indicator compounds. Therefore, cluster analysis was applied as a controlling instrument for the final selection of the indicator compounds. The combination of graphical and multivariate data analysis is a useful tool to deduce indicator compounds for monitoring and control of complex environmental pollution states.  相似文献   

APPLICATION OF CLAYS TO REMOVAL OF RED TIDE ORGANISMS Ⅰ.COAGULATION OF RED TIDE ORGANISMS WITH CLAYS   总被引：26，自引：1，他引：26  

俞志明  邹景忠  马锡年 《中国海洋湖沼学报》1994,12(3):193-200

Coagulation of red tide organism cells with clays is discussed in theory and the effects of some fac-tors on it are studied.A quantitative model is presented which describes how the coagulation varies withpH in solution.According to the model,within the pH-range between pH_(zpc_a)and pH_(zpc_b),V_R is negativeand the coagulation is strong and strongest at pH=(pH_(zpc_a)+pH_(zpc_b))/2.It is also demonstrated that whenthe diameter of clay particles is close to that of cells,the collision probability is low,resulting in weakercoagulation.The model results have been corroborated by experiments and so are scientific and theoreticalbases for application.  相似文献   

Urban stormwater quality I. Hillcrest,Hamilton, New Zealand     

R. B. Williamson 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(3):413-427

Water quality parameters associated with siltation (non‐volatile and volatile suspended solids), oxygen depletion (chemical and biochemical oxygen demand), nutrient enrichment (N, P), toxicity (Pb, Zn, Cu, Cr, Ni, Cd), and human pathogenic micro‐organisms (coliforms, faecal coliforms, faecal streptococci) were measured in baseflow and stormflow from a residential catchment in Hamilton, New Zealand, from November 1979 to December 1981. A macro‐invertebrate survey was conducted. All parameters, except nitrogen, were predominantly associated with particulate material, and closely followed suspended solids behaviour during storm runoff. The concentrations of these particulate parameters are linearly related to suspended solid concentrations, which implies a reasonable consistency in the particulate source material, probably attributable to the uniform stable land use. The runoff was enriched with nitrate (from septic tank seepage) and the particles by Zn, Pb, and Cu. There was little or no enrichment of the particulates with phosphorus, nitrogen, organic matter, Cr, or Ni relative to catchment soils. Ni, Cr, and Cd were generally below detection limits. Dissolved reactive phosphorus and NH₄ ⁺‐N levels were low and unimportant in total P or N leaving the catchment. Most organic matter was particulate and only slowly degraded, and consequently the biological oxygen demand was only a small fraction (c. 13%) of chemical oxygen demand. Interpretation of the water quality data allows some tentative predictions to be made of potential receiving water impacts. It is doubtful that urban runoff will cause significant oxygen depletion, although the high level of organic‐rich particulate material could lead to a deterioration of receiving water sediments and affect benthic invertebrates. Urban runoff may be an important source of nutrients, but (apart from nitrate) its importance depends on the amount of suspended material in the runoff rather than increased input of nutrients from urban‐related activities. Bacterial counts indicate a poor water quality. The impact of metals will depend largely on the bioavailability of the particulate‐bound fraction. The key to the understanding of transport, treatment, and impact of most potential pollutants in urban runoff is probably their association with particulate materials.  相似文献   

Estimation of enterococci input from bathers and animals on a recreational beach using camera images     

John D. Wang  Helena M. Solo-Gabriele  Amir M. Abdelzaher  Lora E. Fleming 《Marine pollution bulletin》2010,60(8):1270-6769

Enterococci, are used nationwide as a water quality indicator of marine recreational beaches. Prior research has demonstrated that enterococci inputs to the study beach site (located in Miami, FL) are dominated by non-point sources (including humans and animals). We have estimated their respective source functions by developing a counting methodology for individuals to better understand their non-point source load impacts. The method utilizes camera images of the beach taken at regular time intervals to determine the number of people and animal visitors. The developed method translates raw image counts for week days and weekend days into daily and monthly visitation rates. Enterococci source functions were computed from the observed number of unique individuals for average days of each month of the year, and from average load contributions for humans and for animals. Results indicate that dogs represent the larger source of enterococci relative to humans and birds.  相似文献   

低温成矿系列中生物有机质的矿床学意义   总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

胡明安 《地球科学》2000,25(4):375-379

在低温热液型矿床的形成过程中, 生物和有机质发挥了重要的成矿作用.这种作用可以归纳为直接和间接两种.生物及有机质直接参与成矿作用的意义在于: 在沉积岩主岩的同生沉积阶段形成矿源层, 在成矿物质活化迁移过程中形成含矿流体, 在成矿元素的沉淀阶段富集形成矿床; 生物及有机质间接成矿意义是指有机质的成熟演变作用及其产物可以揭示成矿过程, 反映低温热液成矿机理和成矿条件.   相似文献   

青海高原湿地特征及其保护   总被引：39，自引：11，他引：28  

陈桂琛  黄志伟  卢学峰  彭敏 《冰川冻土》2002,24(3):254-259

青海省地处青藏高原东北部,是我国长江、黄河和澜沧江的发源地,素有"江河源"之称.青海高原湿地类型包括自然湿地和人工湿地两大类型,湿地总面积约55662.7km²,占全省土地总面积的7.7%.高原湿地分布特点主要表现为3种形式:1)以湖泊或浅塘为中心的环带状分布;2)以河流为中心的条带状分布;3)河源区的斑块状镶嵌分布.高原湿地生物种类较为丰富,有湿地种子植物约428种;湿地动物约151种,其中鸟类约73种、鱼类约55种、哺乳类约14种以及两栖类9种.湿地植被有水生植被、沼泽植被和沼泽草甸3大基本类型.近几十年来,青海高原湿地出现湖泊水位下降、湖泊面积萎缩、河流出现断流以及沼泽湿地退化等方面的明显变化.鉴于高原湿地的生态功能和作用,应加强青海高原湿地的保护.  相似文献   

海泡石坡缕石的有机吸附研究   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

万朴  李平  董发勤  彭同江  宋功保 《岩石矿物学杂志》2000,19(3):258-263

本研究采用红外光谱分析、Ｘ射线衍射分析和电泳等方法对坡缕石和海泡石吸附有机气体进行了研究。实验表明,这种吸附是因静电力的作用而产生的。矿物表面的吸附水可减弱静电力的作用。坡缕石、海泡石对有机气体的吸附量与气体温度、蒸气压、气体分子偶极矩、样品纯度、矿物结晶有关。温度升高,气体分子热运动将加剧,吸附数量随之减少;若气体分子偶极矩加大,则吸附量增加;增大蒸气压能提高气体分子与矿物微粒间的接触频率,从而  相似文献   

珍珠贝在南海北部海洋结构物上的分布     

王华接  严文侠  董钰  严岩  严涛  梁冠和 《热带海洋学报》2000,19(1)

:1 98 6— 1 995年在南海北部水域对 1 6个海洋结构物 (其中 1 2个生物调查浮标 ,2个Marex水文资料浮标和 2个固定石油生产平台 )上珍珠贝科 (Pteriidae)的水平和垂直分布进行了调查 ,共发现有珍珠贝科 2属 1 0种。文中讨论了它们的分布与该水域的海流特征、结构物离岸距离及珍珠贝幼虫发育的关系 ,并认为 ,企鹅珍珠贝Pteria(Magnavicula)penguin、短翼珍珠贝P .(Austropteria)brevialata和珠母贝Pinctadamargartifera、鹌鹑珍珠贝Pteria (A .)coturnix将分别为B2站、YM1站和Z1站海区未来海洋结构物污损生物的优势种。  相似文献