福建建阳新发现晚古生代泉上组海相化石群     

杜红岗 《福建地质》2011,30(2):143-150

通过1:5万建阳幅区域地质调查,在建阳虞墩新划分出晚古生代中二叠世泉上组,并获得较丰富的海相化石,该成果为闽北变质岩腹地及其岩相古地理研究增添了新的资料.  相似文献   

大兴安岭北部宽谷地貌对沼泽湿地形成的控制   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

孙广友  金会军  常晓丽  于少鹏  何瑞霞  杨思忠  吕兰芝  姚允龙  闫修民  范宇 《冰川冻土》2011,33(5):991-998

基于冻土与湿地共生机制,运用大比例尺测图、钻探构建剖面、调查等手段,研究了大兴安岭北部宽谷地貌对沼泽发育的控制.发现宽谷属于箱型地貌结构,具有独特生态环境功能：地表水、冻土融水等构成多元供水系统,高纬-高海拔与冻土冷储构成冷控系统,共同构建寒湿环境,有利于沼泽发育,形成灌、草、藓、林4大类组成的沼泽复合体.宽谷腹部兴安...  相似文献   

扬子克拉通北缘随(州)-枣(阳)地区新元古代变质岩浆岩的地球化学和SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年代学研究   总被引：8，自引：3，他引：5  

薛怀民  马芳  宋永勤 《岩石学报》2011,27(4):1116-1130

扬子克拉通北缘的随州-枣阳地区是整个秦岭-桐柏山-大别山-苏鲁造山带及其前陆地区受三叠纪(印支期)扬子板块向华北板块深俯冲并发生高压-超高压变质作用影响最小的地区,因而扬子板块北缘的前寒武纪基底在这里得到了较多的保存。它们不仅为研究扬子板块北缘新元古代构造环境和岩石圈性质提供了难得的样品,也为研究造山带内变质杂岩的原岩性质及高压-超高压变质作用过程中元素的地球化学行为提供了参照物。这里出露的前寒武纪基底包括新元古代的变质火山-沉积岩系(随州群)以及大量的超镁铁质-镁铁质岩床群。其中构成随州群的岩性包括变酸性火山岩、变沉积岩及少量的变基性火山岩。超镁铁质-镁铁质岩床群以橄长岩为主,少量辉长苏长岩和辉石岩。本文用SHRIPM锆石U-Pb法测得随州群中变质流纹英安质凝灰岩和变质粗面安山岩及超镁铁质-镁铁质岩床群中橄长岩的侵位年龄分别为763±7Ma、741±7Ma和632±6Ma。随州群火山岩的年龄与桐柏山-大别山-苏鲁造山带内高压-超高压变质杂岩的原岩年龄类似,至于造山带内榴辉岩的原岩年龄是否有类似于橄长岩的侵位年龄(631.5±6.1Ma),尚需进一步研究。地球化学上,随县群的酸性火山岩表现出强烈亏损Sr和高场强元素Nb、Ta,富集Rb、Ba、U、Th、K等强不相容元素和轻稀土元素,轻、重稀土元素之间的分馏程度强((La/Yb)_N=10.44)、弱负Eu异常(δEu=0.75),总体特征类似于大别山-苏鲁造山带内大量出露的黑云斜长片麻岩和裂谷环境下形成的双峰式火山岩的酸性端元。随县群玄武岩的稀土元素之间几乎无分馏((La/Yb)_N=1.78~1.79),高场强元素Nb和Ta相对于La无明显的亏损,总的地球化学特征类似于造山带内大多数的榴辉岩。橄长岩以高Al₂O₃和MgO含量、低TiO₂和碱为特征,轻、重稀土元素之间的分馏程度较强((La/Yb)_N=5.49),尤以强的Ba、Sr及Eu正异常(δEu=1.22)为显著特征,表明其中有较多的富钙斜长石聚集。高场强元素Nb、Ta、U、Th(以及Zr和Hf)无明显的异常,表明其形成过程中未受到大陆地壳的混染,岩浆源区属富集型地幔。  相似文献   

藏南隆子地区恰嘎流纹质次火山岩稀土元素类似四分组效应   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

胡古月  曾令森  高利娥  谢克家 《地质通报》2011,30(1):82-94

恰嘎次火山岩侵位于特提斯喜马拉雅沉积岩系的东南部,雅拉香波片麻岩穹隆与藏南拆离系之间的地区。通过镜下鉴定和对岩石的主量元素、微量元素组成的测试和分析,确定为流纹质次火山岩。该岩体以富SiO2、Al2O3、K2O、Na2O,贫MgO、CaO、TFeO为特征,里特曼指数σ介于1.07~2.37之间,指示其属于钙碱性系列岩石。微量元素的测试结果表明,稀土元素总量较低,其配分图上产生类似于四分组的“膝折”效应;富集LILE、亏损HFSE,K/Rb和Rb/Cs比值低于一般酸性岩浆侵入岩体,Y/Ho、Nb/Ta和 Zr/Hf 的比值均偏离球粒陨石值。结合前人对稀土元素四分组效应的研究,认为富挥发分的流体作用于高度演化的酸性过铝质岩浆后,其稀土元素配分模式也能形成类似四分组的“膝折” 配分模式,元素Gd显示正异常。  相似文献   

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987111000235   总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6  

Franco Pirajno  Reimar Seltmann  Yongqiang Yang 《地学前缘(英文版)》2011,2(2):157-185

In this paper we present a review of mineral systems in northern Xinjiang,NW China,focussing on the Tianshan,West and East Junggar and Altay orogenic belts,all of which are part of the greater Central Asian Orogenic Belt(CAOB).The CAOB is a complex collage of ancient microcontinents,island arcs,oceanic plateaux and oceanic plates,which were amalgamated and accreted in Early Palaeozoic to Early Permian times.The establishment of the CAOB collage was followed by strike-slip movements and affected by intrap...  相似文献   

北黄海夏季pCO₂分布及海-气CO₂通量   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

薛亮  张龙军 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2011,41(12):22-29

基于在2006年夏季北黄海收集的的高分辨率的表层CO2分压(pCO2)数据,结合水文和生物地球化学同步观测参数,探讨了夏季北黄海pCO2空间分布的控制因素。结果表明,夏季北黄海与大多数中低纬度陆架海类似,由于水温较高,表层pCO2较高(平均值为(463±41)μatm),整个海域相对大气CO2过饱和。表层pCO2分布具有明显的区域差异,辽南和鲁北近岸海域pCO2明显高于中部区域,辽南近岸的高pCO2主要与河流输入和水产养殖引起的生物好氧呼吸有关,而鲁北沿岸的高pCO2主要与烟台近岸的底层冷水涌升及由混合引起的高碳酸盐含量的黄河泥沙的再悬浮有关;在海区中部大部分水域,pCO2与温度之间有较好的相关性,说明温度是这一区域pCO2分布较为重要的控制因子。另外,采用Wannikhof的海-气气体交换系数估计了北黄海夏季海-气CO2通量,结果表明整个北黄海是大气CO2的源,平均释放速率为(4.00±0.57)mmol.m-2.d-1,高于南黄海夏季海-气CO2通量。  相似文献   

Glacier fluctuations between 1975 and 2008 in the Greater Himalaya Range of Zanskar, southern Ladakh     

Ulrich KAMP  Martin BYRNE  Tobias BOLCH 《山地科学学报》2011,8(3):374-389

Glaciers in the Himalaya are often heavily covered with supraglacial debris,making them difficult to study with remotely-sensed imagery alone.Various methods such as band ratios can be used effectively to map clean-ice glaciers;however,a thicker layer of debris often makes it impossible to distinguish between supraglacial debris and the surrounding terrain.Previously,a morphometric mapping approach employing an ASTER-derived digital elevation model has been used to map glaciers in the Khumbu Himal and the Tien Shan.This study on glaciers in the Greater Himalaya Range in Zanskar,southern Ladakh,aims (i) to use the morphometric approach to map large debris-covered glaciers;and (ii) to use Landsat and ASTER data and GPS and field measurements to document glacier change over the past four decades.Field work was carried out in the summers of 2008.For clean ice,band ratios from the ASTER dataset were used to distinguish glacial features.For debris-covered glaciers,topographic features such as slope were combined with thermal imagery and supervised classifiers to map glacial margins.The method is promising for large glaciers,although problems occurred in the distal and lateral parts and in the fore field of the glaciers.A multi-temporal analysis of glaciers in Zanskar showed that in general they have receded since at least the mid-to late-1970s.However,some few glaciers that advanced or oscillated - probably because of specific local environmental conditions - do exist.  相似文献   

Mitigating people-park conflicts on resource use through ecotourism: A case of the Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve, Indian Himalaya   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Chandra Prakash KALA  Rakesh Kumar MAIKHURI 《山地科学学报》2011,8(1):87-95

Ecotourism aims to deliver the philosophy of sustainable development through environmental conservation as well as socio-economic development. Areas with rich biodiversity and scenic beauty, like the Indian Himalayan region, have been one of the major destination centers for nature lovers from historical time. In view of conserving the rich biodiversity and natural heritage of the Himalayan region 92 protected areas have been set aside, of these Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve (NDBR) is a well known world heritage site. Over a period of time establishing NDBR has invited conflicts between the local people and reserve authorities on the management approaches and utilization criteria of the natural resources, especially banning the traditional bio-resource collection rights of local community, expeditions, trekking, and other anthropogenic activities in the core zones. The present study aims to understand and analyze the various people - park conflicts, and also to suggest ways to mitigate such conflicts in view of biodiversity conservation and improvement of economic status of local people by promoting ecotourism. With this view the study further discusses the various aspects of ecotourism, its pros and cons, and the avenues of developing appropriate strategies for promotion of ecotourism in buffer zone areas of NDBR.  相似文献   

Northern Eurasia earth science partnership initiative (NEESPI), science plan overview     

Pavel Ya. Groisman  Sergey A. Bartalev  The NEESPI Science Plan Development Team 《Global and Planetary Change》2007,56(3-4):215

Northern Eurasia Earth System Partnership Initiative, NEESPI, was established to address the global change processes associated with and/or originated within Northern Eurasia as well as to study the major socially-important processes within the region. NEESPI began as a US–Russian initiative but has quickly broadened into a fully international program. Scientists from 11 countries participated in preparing the NEESPI Science Plan. Current version of the Science Plan was released for public review on the World Wide Web in summer 2004 and finalized in December 2004. This paper provides an Overview of the Plan and is based, mainly, on its Executive Summary. The Overview describes the Plan's science themes and key science questions, provides a justification of the urgency studying Northern Eurasia from the global change prospective, and outlines research strategy and tools to address NEESPI science questions, as well as projected deliverables of the Initiative.  相似文献   

The role of cryptogams in runoff and erosion control on bariland in the Nepal Middle Hills of the Southern Himalaya     

Steve Gaskin  Rita Gardner 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2001,26(12):1303-1315

Cryptogams are communities of non-vascular plants that live on the soil surface. Numerous functions have been attributed to these crusts, including changes in soil fertility and nutrient status, soil hydrology and soil erosion. Most significant for this paper is the reported benefit of cryptogams in reducing soil erosion by water in semi-arid areas. However, to date there have been few attempts to understand the soil conservation value of cryptogams in subsistence agricultural systems or in humid mountain environments. This paper investigates the potential of cryptogams in soil erosion by water on agricultural hillslope terraces (bariland) in the Nepal Middle Hills of the southern monsoonal Himalaya. The research is significant because the loss of fertile topsoil is considered by some to be the biggest threat to the livelihoods of subsistence farmers in the area in the medium and long term. The current study was conducted in the field between two of the weeding events that take place under maize cover, grown in the traditional manner. Three groundcover types which represented (i) maize only (types A), (ii) maize and weed cover (types B), and (iii) maize and cryptogam cover (types C) were monitored utilizing multiple microerosion plots. Measurements of runoff and soil loss data were collected sequentially on a storm-by-storm basis throughout the monitored period from 24 July 1997 to 29 August 1997. Measurements of infiltration rates were also taken on each of the groundcover types at selected times. Results collected from the erosion plots demonstrate that runoff and soil losses over distances of <2 m can be significantly reduced by up to 50 per cent with cryptogam cover, compared to maize-only canopies. Mean runoff for all storm events sampled from plot types A, B and C were 3·4 l m⁻², 1·6 l m⁻² and 1·5 l m⁻² respectively. For soil loss, the results were 21·7 g m⁻², 11·3 g m⁻² and 10·2 g m⁻² respectively. Therefore, cryptogams would appear to offer a similar degree of protection to the soil surface from runoff and raindrop erosion, to that afforded by weed cover. Weed and cryptogam covers protect the soil surface from rainfall kinetic energies and work to preserve surface microtopographies, depressional storage and surface water detention. Terminal infiltration rates taken at the end of the monitored period showed that well developed maize- and cryptogam-covered soil surfaces (types C) have a mean terminal infiltration rate of 35·0 mm h⁻¹ compared to 44·5 mm h⁻¹ for comparable maize- and weed-covered soil surfaces (types B), and 15·5 mm h⁻¹ for maize-only soil surfaces (types A). These results show that cryptogams and weeds also have relatively higher infiltration rates than comparable maize-only covered plots, devoid of groundcover. The findings in this study may have implications for traditional weed management practices used by local hill farmers, which often destroy cryptogam soil coatings two to three times during the maize growing period. However, further work needs to be done to ascertain farmers' understandings of cryptogams. It is hoped that conservationists will benefit from incorporating cryptogams into the design of future soil erosion studies relating to development programmes. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献