Changes in air pollutants during the COVID-19 lockdown in Beijing:Insights from a machine-learning technique and implications for future control policy          下载免费PDF全文

Jiabao Hu  Yuepeng Pan  Yuexin He  Xiyuan Chi  Qianqian Zhang  Tao Song  Weishou Shen 《大气和海洋科学快报》2021,14(4):63-69

基于2015-2020年北京35个环境空气站和20个气象站观测资料,应用机器学习方法(随机森林算法)分离了气象条件和源排放对大气污染物浓度的影响.结果发现,为应对疫情采取的隔离措施使北京2020年春节期间大气污染物浓度降低了35.1％-51.8％;其中,背景站氮氧化物和一氧化碳浓度的降幅最大,超过了以往报道较多的交通站...  相似文献   

一种COVID-19病例个体时空轨迹交互式提取与质量评估方法     

张国永  龚建华  孙麇  周洁萍  李文航  张利辉  汪东川  李文宁  胡卫东  樊鸿奎 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2021,(2):177-183

针对当前新型冠状病毒肺炎(coronavirus disease 2019,COVID-19)病例个体时空轨迹描述文本高度非结构化的特点,提出了一种基于自然语言处理(natural language processing, NLP)辅助的交互式轨迹提取方法,用于提高轨迹提取的效率和质量.设计了交互式轨迹提取和质量评估流...  相似文献   

疫情防控中测绘地理信息影响力分析     

桂德竹  陈常松  周夏  张月  徐坤 《测绘通报》2020,(7):38-44

本文通过舆情大数据对我国及美国使用的8款疫情地理信息应用程序进行疫情防控、疫情地理信息应用之间的关系分析，形成了3方面的认识：①测绘地理信息在疫情防控中具有比较重要的作用；②与美国约翰斯·霍普金斯大学疫情地图相比，我国的疫情地图网站、APP应用程序等仍是获取国内疫情地理信息的主要渠道；③由企业提供的疫情地理信息应用比由政府部门提供的疫情地理信息应用影响广、应用深。  相似文献   

基于多源时空大数据的区际迁徙人群多层次空间分布估算模型——以COVID-19疫情期间自武汉迁出人群为例   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

刘张  千家乐  杜云艳  王楠  易嘉伟  孙晔然  马廷  裴韬  周成虎 《地球信息科学学报》2020,22(2):147-160

已有研究很少关注区际迁徙人群在不同尺度上空间分布的动态估算问题。COVID-19疫情爆发以来,坚决防止疫情扩散成为社会最紧迫的事情。在2020年1月23日武汉“封城”前夕,已有500多 万人离开了武汉,快速准确地推算这部分人群的去向,可以为防止疫情扩散和制定防疫决策提供科学依据。本文以此为例,基于开源腾讯位置请求大数据、百度迁徙大数据、土地覆盖数据等多源地理时空大数据,提出一种区际迁徙人群多层次空间分布动态估算模型,用于推算2020年除夕 （2020年1月24日）之前从武汉流入湖北省内各地的人群数量及其分布特征。结果显示：① 春节时段湖北省各地级市农村地 区人群增加数量占人群变化总量的比例平均达124.7%,从武汉市迁入各地级市的人群中至少51.3%流入农村地区;② 区县尺 度人群变化总量的空间分布呈现3个圈层结构：第一圈层为疫情核心区,包括武汉及其周边地区,以人群流出为主;第二圈层为 重点关注区,包括黄冈、黄石、仙桃、天门、潜江、随州、襄阳,以及孝感、荆门、荆州和咸宁的部分地区,以人群总量和农村地区人 群数量大幅增加为主;第三圈层为次级关注区,包括湖北西部宜昌、恩施、神农架和荆门部分地区,以人群小幅流入为主。最后,建议湖北省内,尤其是位于第二圈层内的区县,应高度关注农村地区人群的疫情防控。此研究成果在2~3天完成,显示大数据是可以快速地响应重大公共安全事件,为决策的制定提供一定支持的。  相似文献   

The invasion of the intertidal canopy-forming alga Fucus serratus L. to southwestern Iceland: Possible community effects     

Agnar Ingólfsson 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2008

The intertidal serrated wrack, Fucus serratus L. (Fucales: Phaeophyceae), has become an abundant canopy-forming alga along a ca. 100 km stretch of shore in southwestern Iceland in the last century. Its distribution has not changed noticeably since a survey in 1975/1976. Many experimental studies have shown that canopy-forming algae can have profound effects on the community structure. Although such experiments involving F. serratus are few it was decided to test predictions from these experiments on a geographical scale by comparing community compositions within the area where F. serratus is a dominant algae (since at least 1975/1976) with an adjacent area of similar size where F. serratus is absent (with a single exception without consequences). The work is based on measurements on some 372 stations in the F. serratus area, termed region A, and 227 stations from the F. serratus-free area, termed region B. Percentage cover of algae and sessile invertebrates was estimated on 2 m² on each station and animals collected from 800 cm² from each station. The vertical distribution of F. serratus was most similar to that of Fucus distichus and the two species often grew intermingled on the lower part of the shore. F. serratus appeared to have reduced the cover of F. distichus in the lowermost part of the shore, while having little or no effect on other canopy-forming species. The low abundance of Semibalanus balanoides in the F. serratus area (region A) is in line with experiments showing detrimental effect on this barnacle by whiplash of F. serratus. In general algal grazers were more abundant in region A, consistent with the greater attractiveness of F. serratus than other canopy-forming species to grazers, although this may be partly explained by the abundance of understorey algae in region A.  相似文献   

COVID-19疫情对中国城市人口迁徙的短期影响及城市恢复力评价   总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5  

童昀  马勇  刘海猛 《地理学报》2020,75(11):2505-2520

新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）疫情对中国国民经济和社会发展产生剧烈冲击。科学评价中国受新冠疫情短期影响及恢复情况并揭示其时空特征,可为常态化疫情防控阶段的经济形势研判和城市恢复提供有力支撑。基于2020年1月13日—4月8日百度迁徙大数据,通过构建恢复指数（RRI）和恢复缺口（RGI）等指标,从多尺度揭示中国受COVID-19疫情短期影响的逐日特征、阶段特征以及时空格局。结果发现：① 疫情未影响春节前返乡迁徙,节后恢复经历恢复停滞期、快速恢复期、平稳恢复期,全国总体恢复程度由恢复停滞期不足20%上升至快速恢复期末60%左右,3月3日开始进入平稳恢复期,恢复指数达70%以上,完全恢复至历史同期水平仍需较长时间。② 疫情对周末和节假日城市间交往活动影响显著,中部和东北地区尤为明显。③ 疫情影响的区域差异性明显,相对恢复程度西部>东部>中部>东北地区。④ 城市间恢复程度差异显著,节后至4月8日呈现南高北低空间格局。结合疫情程度,广州、深圳、重庆处于高确诊高恢复聚类,河北、天津、黑龙江、河南、安徽、湖南处于低确诊低恢复聚类。⑤ 随着疫情有效控制,城市层面恢复缺口由京津冀、长三角、珠三角等城市群的大规模成片劳动力迁入缺口,转变为国家中心城市和部分省会城市的点状缺口。本文研究结果表明时空大数据在重大突发公共卫生事件实时影响评价方面具有较好应用前景。  相似文献   

渤海湾盆地渤中19- 6凝析气田凝析油成熟度判定及成因意义     

胡安文  于海波  王飞龙  梁舒艺  郭景震 《地质学报》2023,97(7):2354-2362

关于渤海湾盆地渤中19- 6凝析气田凝析油成熟度存在成熟与高成熟两种截然不同观点,尚未达到统一定论。本文综合利用轻烃、饱和烃和芳烃成熟度参数对凝析油成熟度进行了综合判定,并深入分析了凝析油和天然气的成因关系及凝析气藏形成机制。结果表明：异庚烷值与庚烷值、Ts/（Ts+Tm）与C29Ts/（C29Ts+C29H）、甲基单金刚烷指数与甲基双金刚烷指数、甲基菲指数、二苯并噻吩类成熟度参数和TNR2显示渤中19- 6凝析气田凝析油处于成熟阶段。结合天然气成熟度和储层流体包裹体特征,可知渤中19- 6凝析气田的原油成藏期早于天然气,随着晚期大量天然气的充注,油气会发生相控混溶作用形成含液态烃的气流体,当温度和压力达到混溶后烃类体系的露点以上,则形成凝析气藏。  相似文献   

Deep optical survey of the stellar content of Sh2-311 region     

《New Astronomy》2015

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The HELLAS2XMM survey – XII. The infrared/submillimetre view of an X-ray selected type 2 quasar at z≈ 2     

C. Vignali  F. Pozzi  J. Fritz  A. Comastri  C. Gruppioni  E. Bellocchi  F. Fiore  M. Brusa  R. Maiolino  M. Mignoli  F. La Franca  L. Pozzetti  G. Zamorani  A. Merloni 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2009,395(4):2189-2195

We present multiwavelength observations (from optical to submillimetre, including Spitzer and Submillimetre Common-User Bolometer Array) of H2XMMJ 003357.2−120038 (also GD 158_19), an X-ray selected, luminous narrow-line (type 2) quasar at   z = 1.957  selected from the HELLAS2XMM survey. Its broad-band properties can be reasonably well modelled assuming three components: a stellar component to account for the optical and near-infrared (IR) emission; an active galactic nucleus (AGN) component (i.e. dust heated by an accreting active nucleus), dominant in the mid-IR, with an optical depth at 9.7      along the line of sight (close to the equatorial plane of the obscuring matter) of  τ(9.7) = 1  and a full covering angle of the reprocessing matter (torus) of 140° and a far-IR starburst component (i.e. dust heated by star formation) to reproduce the wide bump observed longward of 70      .
The derived star formation rate is  ≈1500 M_⊙ yr⁻¹  . The overall modelling indicates that GD 158_19 is a high-redshift X-ray luminous, obscured quasar with coeval powerful AGN activity and intense star formation. It is probably caught before the process of expelling the obscuring gas has started, thus quenching the star formation.  相似文献   

Secularization in the Netherlands in its historical and geographical dimensions     

Hans Knippenberg 《GeoJournal》1998,45(3):209-220

The Netherlands is one of the most secularized countries in the western world. The aim of this paper is to put the secularization process in both historical and geographical perspective. As a mass process secularization started in the last quarter of the nineteenth century and accelerated from the sixties of this century onwards. The first concentrations of non-denominationalism could be found in the (Protestant) countryside of Friesland and Groningen as a consequence of profound social cleavages. Then, the big cities in the west took part in the process and more recently even the Catholic areas were affected due to the cultural revolution of the sixties and early seventies. Two counterforces were analysed: a religious revival within the Protestant community and the increasing proportion of Muslims and Hindus as a consequence of immigration and high fertility levels. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献