青藏新生代钾质火山活动的时空迁移及向东部玄武岩省的过渡:壳幔深部物质流的暗示   总被引：19，自引：1，他引：19  

莫宣学  赵志丹  邓晋福  喻学惠  罗照华  董国臣 《现代地质》2007,21(2):255-264

中国西部与东部在构造作用、岩浆活动、岩石圈结构、沉积盆地、地貌等方面存在着巨大的差异。印度—亚洲大陆碰撞以来青藏高原火山岩的时空分布,显示了从高原腹地发端向周缘迁移的趋势。在同碰撞阶段(65~40 Ma)的末期,火成活动背离雅鲁藏布碰撞缝合带向北迁移。在45~6 Ma期间,火山活动从高原腹部开始,然后向外迁移,暗示软流圈上隆呈波状向外扩展。最后(6 Ma—近代),火山活动向着高原的北西、北东—东、南东三隅迁移。这种醒目的火山活动时空迁移型式,可以解释为由印度和欧亚两个较厚大陆板块的靠近、碰撞诱发的软流圈地幔流及深部地壳物质流动。推测可能存在两个地幔流“通道”,一条“通道”可能通过西秦岭礼县—宕昌一带伸向中国东部;另一条“通道”可能沿“三江”带向东南经云南马关—屏边一带与中国东南部和越南的新生代玄武岩省相接。在礼县—宕昌、马关—屏边一带,表现出从青藏高原钾质火山岩省向着中国东部玄武岩省过渡的特征。大量地球物理资料也支持关于软流圈地幔与深部地壳层次上的横向物质流动的认识。为了进一步检验这种认识是否正确,需要在青藏高原钾质岩省与东部玄武岩省的过渡带选择若干短剖面,进行系统的研究工作,鉴别岩石源区组成和形成深度,反演岩石圈和软流圈地幔性质,揭示两个岩省之间的关系,为鉴别大陆碰撞引起的岩石圈或软流圈层次的物质流动与块体之间相互作用提供岩浆作用约束,同时也为东亚大背景之下,以新生代印度—亚洲碰撞为主导的中国西部与以太平洋板块俯冲为主导的中国东部的构造交接关系提供岩浆作用限制。  相似文献   

矿床模型综合地质信息预测技术研究   总被引：26，自引：2，他引：26  

叶天竺  肖克  严光生 《地学前缘》2007,14(5)

随着中国国民经济持续快速发展,中国对矿产资源的需求呈现了快速增长的趋势,资源短缺已经成为制约中国经济又好又快发展的主要瓶颈之一。为了解决矿产资源短缺问题,对陆地近地表未查明矿产资源潜力的区位、数量和质量的评价工作已经成为当前十分迫切的任务。文章对矿床模型综合地质信息预测技术体系进行了详细、系统的介绍。该体系以地球动力学、成矿动力学和成矿系列理论为指导,深入开展区域地质构造研究,最大限度地分析地质构造的成矿信息,以各级成矿区带为单元,划分主要矿产的矿床预测类型,建立矿床模型,总结区域成矿系列。全面利用物探、化探、遥感等资料所显示的地质找矿信息,运用体现地质成矿规律内涵的预测技术,全面、全过程应用空间数据库及GIS技术,在圈定成矿预测区的基础上估计潜在资源量。  相似文献   

Numerical Modeling of the Coupled Mechanical and Hydrological Processes during Deformation and Mineralization in the Mount Isa Block, Australia     

Liang-Ming Liu  Yanhua Zhang 《Resource Geology》2007,57(3):283-300

Mount Isa is a major Australian and world Pb‐Zn‐Ag mineral province. The wide varieties of mineralization in the province are believed to be closely related to the geodynamic processes of Isan Orogeny, which occurred between ca 1500 and 1620 Ma. In order to understand the geodynamic processes associated with the Isan Orogeny and the giant mineralization systems in the Mount Isa district, a series of numerical models has been constructed to simulate coupled mechanical–hydrological processes, using Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua (FLAC), a finite difference computer code. The numerical modeling results have demonstrated that the most probable far‐field stress orientation during the Isan Orogeny is the asymmetrical E–W shortening, which led to greater easternward tectonic movement at the west boundary of the district in comparison with westward movement at the east boundary. During the initial and early stage of the Isan Orogeny, the mechanical and hydrological conditions in the Leichardt Fault Trough of the West Fold Belt are much more favorable for fluid accumulation and mineralization than in the East Fold Belt. The Mount Isan fault zone developed as a high dilation shear zone where the fluids were focused. As the asymmetrical shortening progressed, shortening deformation and shear strain localization became intensified in the eastern part of the orogenic district. The eastern region therefore became a more favorable locality for hydrothermal mineralization. This structural development feature seems to explain why mineralization in the East Fold Belt is generally later than in the West Fold Belt. Fluid production from the Williams–Naraku granites could result in fluid over‐pressuring, and this probably contributed to the extensive brecciation and related mineralization in the East Fold Belt.  相似文献   

Rock material from the Weddell Sea Floor of the South Ocean     

N. A. Kurentsova  T. I. Frolova  G. B. Udintsev  I. A. Roshchina 《Russian Journal of Pacific Geology》2007,1(5):435-443

This work is devoted to the results of the joint Russian-German geodynamic research carried out in the Weddell Sea and West Antarctica during cruise ANT-XXII/3 of the R/V Polarstern in 2005. The study of rock samples collected from the sea floor showed that a heterogeneous structure of the Weddell Sea was formed by spatiotemporal combination of the destruction of continental crust, progressive thalassogenesis (oceanization-taphrogenesis), and rifting, as opposed to a spreading origin. High postconsolidation mobility during the destruction stage led to the areal dismembering and high permeability of the continental crust, as well as to tectonomagmatic activation. The main mechanism of reworking of the continental crust is recognized to be the magmatic replacement by basic-ultrabasic mantle material with formation of a secondary oceanic crust and preservation of relics of the continental crust. The Earth’s endogenous activity was driven by transmagmatic fluid flows, which ascended from the melted core and caused transformation of the Earth’s crust and mantle.  相似文献   

大陆岩石圈流变学研究进展          下载免费PDF全文

刘绍文  王良书  李成 《地球物理学进展》2007,22(4):1209-1214

大陆岩石圈流变学是固体地球科学领域的基本问题，也是理解大陆变形的动力学过程和构造演化史的关键.本文对近年来大陆岩石圈流变学的研究进展进行了综述.重点讨论大陆岩石圈流变学的纵向分层和横向分块特性及流变学与地震活动性、壳－幔解耦及下地壳流动变形的地球动力学意义和中国大陆地区岩石圈流变学研究状况.最后，对大陆岩石圈流变学研究存在的问题和未来的研究方向做了一定的探讨和展望.  相似文献   

Multifractal Analysis of Earthquakes in the Southeastern Iran-Bam Region     

P. N. S. Roy  Amit Padhi 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2007,164(11):2271-2290

Earthquakes in Iran and neighbouring regions are closely connected to their position within the geologically active Alpine-Himalayan belt. Modern tectonic activity is forced by the convergent movements between two plates: The Arabian plate, including Saudi Arabia, the Persian Gulf and the Zagros Ranges of Iran, and the Eurasian plate. The intensive seismic activity in this region is recorded with shallow focal depth and magnitude rising as high as M_w = 7.8. The study region can be attributed to a highly complex geodynamic process and therefore is well suited for multifractal seismicity analysis. Multifractal analysis of earthquakes (m_b ≥ 3) occurring during 1973 – 2006 led to the detection of a clustering pattern in the narrow time span prior to all the large earthquakes: M_w = 7.8 on 16.9.1978; M_w = 6.8 on 26.12.2003; M_w = 7.7 on 10.5.97. Based on the spatio-temporal clustering pattern of events, the potential for future large events can be assessed. Spatio-temporal clustering of events apparently indicates a highly stressed region, an asperity or weak zone from which the rupture propagation eventually nucleates, causing large earthquakes. This clustering pattern analysis done on a well-constrained catalogue for most of the fault systems of known seismicity may eventually aid in the preparedness and earthquake disaster mitigation.  相似文献   

On the distribution of anomalous mass within the Earth: forward models of the gravitational potential spectrum using ensembles of discrete mass elements   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Michael J. Jackson  Henry N. Pollack  Stephen T. Sutton 《Geophysical Journal International》1991,107(1):83-94

b
We investigate forward models of the gravitational potential spectrum generated by ensembles of discrete sources of anomalous mass, having radial distributions with different statistical properties. Models with a random distribution of point source locations throughout the volume of the mantle produce spectra similar to that of the Earth only when the (absolute) source magnitudes increase strongly with depth, at least as d ^1.5. The effects of the geographic (latitude-longitude) distribution of source locations are generally unimportant in determining the general degree dependence of the potential spectrum. The dimensions of the sources are also of secondary importance, at least up to an angular diameter of about 40, i.e., continent-sized. Sources of this size confined to the upper mantle do not appear capable of producing the degree dependence of the observed geopotential spectrum; the low harmonics (2-4) in particular appear to require lower mantle sources of considerable strength. Further, at least some of these deep sources must be largely monopolar in nature, (i.e., uncompensated) due to the stronger depth attenuation of dipole (compensated) sources. Because topography on the core-mantle boundary must be either isostatically or dynamically compensated, it may contribute little strength to the observed potential spectrum.  相似文献   

GEODYNAMICS OF THE PAMIRS—HIMALAYA REGION     

T.P. Belousov  Sh.A. MukhamedievWT  ”BX 《地学前缘》2000,(Z1)

GEODYNAMICS OF THE PAMIRS—HIMALAYA REGION  相似文献   

论燕山运动的深部地球动力学本质   总被引：109，自引：0，他引：109  

吴福元  孙德有  张广良  任向文 《高校地质学报》2000,6(3):379-388

对中国东部新生代玄武岩及其包体的矿物学、岩 石学和地球化学研究的总结发现,中国东部在燕山期主要表现为岩石圈的减薄,并在其东部 出现软流圈地幔与地壳直接接触的独特地质现象。早先应该存在的古老岩石圈地幔大多由于 拆沉作用而不复存在,现今岩石圈 地幔主体是在燕山晚期及其以后形成的。因此,中国东部燕山运动的本质就是岩石圈的减薄 乃至岩石圈地幔的消失。研究认为,这种岩石圈减薄的触发因素可能与当时东侧大洋板块的 俯冲有关。软流圈地幔与地壳直接接触的动力学效应是产生强烈的岩浆板底垫托作用及相伴 随的深部地壳的高温变质作用和部分熔融作用,形成巨量岩浆的侵位与喷发,并造成新生地 壳的显著增生和原有地壳的重新调整。同时,这种地球动力学过程将携带大量地幔物质（包 括成矿物质）进入地壳,并形成地壳尺度的大规模流体循环,从而产生大面积、突发性的巨 量成矿作用。  相似文献   

壳幔过渡层及其大陆动力学意义   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

罗照华  辛后田  陈必河  柯珊  黄金香 《现代地质》2007,21(2):421-425

根据地震测量结果,造山带常见一个P波传播速度介于典型地壳和典型地幔之间的圈层,称为壳幔过渡层。这个圈层在地球物质科学领域常常被解释为壳幔混合层,形成机制不十分明确。提供了另一种选择,认为壳幔过渡层实际上可能是幔源岩浆底侵作用和地壳分异作用的产物,其密度随压力的逐渐变化是其波速特征的主要原因,是区域岩石圈重力不稳定的标志;也可能是软流圈物质岩石圈化的结果,是区域岩石圈逐渐冷却的象征。这个模型可以更好地解释造山带岩石圈拆沉作用、壳幔物质交换和岩浆活动,因而壳幔过渡层的查明具有重要的大陆动力学意义。  相似文献