Survey of historical New Zealand shellfish samples for accumulation of gymnodimine     

David J. Stirling 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(4):851-857

In 1994 a major biotoxin event occurred along the east coast of the South Island, New Zealand. Gymnodimine, a unique bioactive spiroimine, was isolated and characterised from Foveaux Strait dredge oysters (Tiostrea chilensis = Ostrea chilensis) collected during this outbreak. This study reports the results of liquid chromatographic‐mass spectrometric analysis for gymnodimine in 217 samples from eight species of shellfish over the years 1993–99. Of these samples 155, covering six species of shellfish, contained detectable gymnodimine with a range in concentration from 14.8 to 23 400 μg/kg. Gymnodimine‐containing shellfish occurred at 37 of the 63 sites sampled from around New Zealand. This study demonstrates that accumulation of gymnodimine is not limited to T. chilensis and can occur in other shellfish species over much of New Zealand. Gymnodimine is a possible cause of the numerous historical biotoxin screen‐positive results.  相似文献   

我国海水贝类养殖低碳效应评价     

孙立伟  杨创业  冯景春  张俱  曾新阳 《海洋通报》2022,(5)

食物生产系统的碳排放占人类活动碳排放总量的 30%, 碳汇渔业是一种重要的面向人类社会高质量食物蛋白质供给 的低碳发展路径。本文基于常见的 11 种养殖贝类的固碳系数和蛋白质含量特性研究,系统评估了我国2019 年养殖牡蛎 、蛤 类、扇贝、贻贝和蚶类等在养殖周期内碳捕集特性以及对低碳发展的贡献。研究表明： (1) 11 种养殖贝类之间贝壳和软体 组织含碳量的差异并不明显,但干重比和出肉率差异显著。因此,贝类固碳量核算不能忽视种类差异。 (2)所选 11 种贝类 软体组织皆属于高蛋白食品,虾夷扇贝软体组织 (干重) 的蛋白质含量最高。针对单位质量贝类养殖,长牡蛎的碳封存贡献 度最大,而华贵栉孔扇贝提供的蛋白质最多,两者都是碳汇渔业的优势种。(3) 据估算,我国2019 年海水养殖贝类中牡蛎、蛤 类 、扇贝和蚶类总共吸收固定了约 117.98 万吨 C02,提供了 40.65 万吨蛋白质 。这些蛋白质相比于牛肉源蛋白质可减少 4 048.74 万吨 C02 当量的排放量。由于贝类固碳强度大,探索低碳可持续的贝类养殖是绿色渔业经济的重要引擎, 也是建立可持续高质量“蓝色粮仓”和生物固碳的重要路径, 将在我国低碳产业发展中发挥重要作用。  相似文献   

The risk to New Zealand shellfish aquaculture from paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxins     

A. Lincoln MacKenzie 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2014,48(3):430-465

New Zealand's reputation as a supplier of high quality food products is vital to the national economy; international consumers are acutely aware of food safety issues and markets are increasingly demanding higher standards. Filter feeding bivalves are particularly sensitive to the nature of the environment in which they are grown, and quality assurance is a major preoccupation of the shellfish aquaculture industry. With the exception of a couple of incidents, most notably the Gymnodinium catenatum blooms in 2000–2003, paralytic shellfish toxin (PST) contamination has, to date, not had an important effect on the economics and sustainability of the industry. However, the dinoflagellate species responsible for producing these toxins are not uncommon in New Zealand coastal phytoplankton communities, and it is important that awareness of the potential risk is maintained. This review summarises what we know about the causes and incidence of PST contamination from research and monitoring over the last 20 years, since it was first identified in New Zealand. It describes the dynamics of major events and their consequences, and evaluates what is likely to happen in the future as aquaculture expands into new areas with known histories of this problem.  相似文献   

¹³C示踪技术在利玛原甲藻中腹泻性贝毒合成研究的应用          下载免费PDF全文

张昊宇  谭志军  郑关超  吕颂辉  杨越聪  吴海燕 《海洋与湖沼》2023,54(2):457-464

选取具有显著产毒差异的利玛原甲藻(Prorocentrum lima) SHG株与2XS株为研究对象,以2-¹³C-甘氨酸为示踪原料结合高分辨质谱方法,为腹泻性贝类毒素及其酯化态毒素合成与代谢途径的研究提供新方法和思路。结果表明,两株藻共发现16种腹泻性贝毒及其酯化态毒素成分。对照培养条件下SHG株(大田软海绵酸毒素含量为7.88 pg/cell,鳍藻毒素1含量为4.35 pg/cell)的产毒能力高于2XS株(大田软海绵酸毒素5.70pg/cell),而甘氨酸作为氮源培养条件可显著提高两株藻的产毒总量(P<0.05)。¹³C-甘氨酸标记组与甘氨酸培养组单细胞产毒量无显著变化(P>0.05)。腹泻性贝毒被标记后其同位素异构体丰度发生变化,其中酯化态受¹³C标记的影响程度更高,二级质谱图清晰表示出其碎片离子及脱水峰的标记情况。该方法直观阐明了甘氨酸可作为P. lima标记原料的产毒供体,并使用稳定同位素标记方法首次实现了酯化态的同步标记,有助于腹泻性贝毒生成机制的进一步研究。  相似文献   

几种海水贝类甲醛浸渍标本DNA的提取及rRNA基因ITS序列的扩增   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

孙博  张素萍  王海艳  刘晓  张国范 《海洋通报》2004,23(1):40-44

从中国科学院海洋生物标本馆收藏的8种甲醛浸渍的海水贝类标本中提取DNA并对其rRNA编码基因的ITS序列进行特异性扩增,在牡蛎Crassostrea sp．、长肋日月贝Amussium pleurondectes (Linnaeus)、扇贝Volachlamys ringaporinug(Sowerby)与华贵栉孔扇贝Chlamys nobilis(Reeve)等4个物种的标本中成功获得扩增产物。利用图片分析软什得出牡蛎标本的ITS-1和ITS-2扩增片段分别为408bp和524bp,长肋日月贝标本分别521bp和537bp,而扇贝Volachlamys ringaporinug(Sowerby)与华贵栉孔扇贝标本只获得ITS-1扩增片段,长度均为545bp。  相似文献   

福建泉州湾贝类养殖容量评估   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

卢振彬  杜琦  许翠娅  钱小明  方明杰  蔡清海 《热带海洋学报》2005,24(4):22-29

通过对泉州湾叶绿素a、初级生产力、生态效率、浮游植物有机碳含量、养殖贝类有机碳含量及其含壳重与鲜组织重比值、潮间带和潮下带及吊养区附着滤食性动物现存量等的调查和检测,应用营养动态模型、沿岸能流模型估算贝类生态容量及扣除野生滤食性动物现存量来估算贝类养殖容量。还采用方建光模型估算贝类养殖容量,并采用统计分析法估算贝类及其各品种的适养面积。3种模型估算的贝类养殖容量分别为43 171t、220 991×104个,46 388 t、237 464×104个,44 049t、225 490×104个。贝类适养总面积为2 878hm2,其中牡蛎Ostrea1 349hm2,缢蛏Sinoncvacula con-stricta1 268 hm2,菲律宾蛤仔Ruditapes philippinarum117hm2,翡翠贻贝Perna viridis144hm2。1999年实际养殖面积2 615 hm2,尚有263 hm2可扩大养殖面积。还讨论了模型的实用性等问题。  相似文献   

Comparison and history of Polydora websteri and P. haswelli (Polychaeta: Spionidae) as mud-blister worms in New Zealand shellfish     

Geoffrey B Read 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(2):83-100

Shells of commercially valued bivalves in New Zealand, Crassostrea gigas, Perna canaliculus and Pecten novaezelandiae, are damaged by blister-causing Polydora polychaete species known to be close in morphology to the widely recorded oyster pest Polydora websteri Hartman. Recent New Zealand occurrences are here confirmed to relate to two species, P. websteri, and a second similar species, Polydora haswelli Blake & Kudenov, a new record for New Zealand, previously known only from Australia; the two species are described and compared. The worms have limited distributions, with P. websteri confirmed only for Pacific oysters (C. gigas) in northern New Zealand, although prior reports indicate it may also occur on scallops and have reached the northern South Island. Polydora haswelli has been found only in northern New Zealand, occurring on subtidal mussels and scallops and native oysters (Perna canaliculus, Pecten novaezelandiae, Ostrea chilensis), as well as co-existing with intertidal P. websteri on Pacific oysters. The worms are not present in Foveaux Strait O. chilensis beds, a major source of past oyster exports to Australia. The history of mud-blister worm outbreaks in Australasia is examined. While trans-Tasman exports of live oysters from New Zealand were commonplace during the nineteenth century, there is no evidence that mud-blister worms were present in New Zealand then. The earliest reports only date from the early 1970s and only from northern New Zealand, whereas a century earlier in the 1870s at least one of these pest worms had become widespread along eastern Australian coasts.  相似文献   

渤海裸甲藻和链状亚历山大藻的麻痹性贝毒毒素分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

贺华  王学魁  孙之南  逄勃越  曹春晖  王广策  于仁诚 《海洋通报》2007,26(5):67-73

目的:分析渤海裸甲藻(Gymnodinium sp.)和链状亚历山大藻(Alexandrium catenella)的麻痹性贝毒毒素,为渤海天津海域的赤潮研究积累基础数据。方法:通过实验室培养裸甲藻和链状亚历山大藻,选取对数生长期、平台生长期的裸甲藻以及平台生长期的链状亚历山大藻,利用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)对这两种微藻进行麻痹性贝毒(PSP)毒素分析。结果:裸甲藻细胞内不含有麻痹性贝毒(PSP);链状亚历山大藻细胞内含有C毒素和GTX1-4毒素,该微藻每个细胞毒素含量约为10.81 fmol/cell。结论:裸甲藻细胞内虽不含有麻痹性贝毒(PSP),但不能排除其含有其它毒素的可能。链状亚历山大藻细胞内含有麻痹性贝毒(PSP),属于有毒微藻,需要对其进行密切监测。  相似文献   

营口市一氧化碳中毒事件发生日气象条件分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李明香  何晓东  郭兆丽  谭昕  林永茂 《气象与环境学报》2007,23(4):25-28

利用近10 a营口市一氧化碳浓度监测资料和气象监测资料,分析了一氧化碳中毒事件发生与一氧化碳浓度的关系,探讨了一氧化碳中毒事件发生日的地面天气形势和局地气象条件特征。结果表明:一氧化碳中毒事件发生日空气中一氧化碳浓度值偏高;弱高压类、低压类和均压类天气形势均可能发生一氧化碳中毒事件;气压梯度小,风速小,气温变化小,不利于污染物扩散是造成一氧化碳中毒的主要原因。  相似文献   

海洋贝类利用模式生命周期评价方法研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

李君  孙恢礼  吴园涛  翁世兵  林丽云  孙小钰 《热带海洋学报》2007,26(4):70-75

首次将产品生命周期评价方法(LCA)应用于海洋贝类利用模式上。根据海洋贝类利用技术产业发展的特性和趋势,设计构建了由确定目标和范围、清单分析、影响评价3个步骤组成的评价体系,挑选了具有典型代表的2种扇贝利用模式进行评价,对其生产过程中的资源消耗、固体废弃物、富营养化、温室效应、酸化影响和潜在影响进行对比评价。评价结果显示其中资源消耗、温室效应、酸化影响、潜在健康影响的影响潜值模式2(产品模式为扇贝柱、复合氨基酸、鱼虾饵料和贝壳工艺品)比模式1(产品模式为扇贝柱、食用贝边、鱼虾鲜饵料和饲料添加剂)低;而固体废弃物、富营养化的影响潜值,模式2比模式1高。本评价方法可用于选择和优化海洋贝类的绿色化高值利用模式。研究表明,利用文章提出的海洋贝类利用评价方法可以有效掌握贝类利用的整个过程的环境行为,确定其中优化资源、节省能源和减少污染的关键步骤,为优化利用模式提供基础数据支持。  相似文献