搬迁农户生计策略与土地利用行为耦合协调度分析--以贵州省习水县为例     

杨林  汪磊 《上海国土资源》2021,(1):58-62,83

易地扶贫搬迁改变了搬迁农户生计策略,同时影响了其土地利用行为,二者之间的耦合协调度直接影响着农户的可持续生计。本文以贵州省习水县易地搬迁农户调研数据为基础,构建以农户生计策略和土地利用行为为子系统的耦合协调度模型,分析2个子系统之间的耦合关系和耦合协调关系。研究表明:纯农型农户、农兼型农户、兼农型农户生计策略与土地利用行为之间的耦合度值介于0.4~0.5之间,水平较低,处于拮抗状态;不同类型农户生计策略与土地利用行为系统耦合协调度值均处于0.39~0.49之间,处于濒临失调阶段,存在较大优化空间;传统的农业生产形式对于改善农户生计无明显效果,引导农户向专业农业型农户转变对于促进移民安置区“人地系统”协调发展大有裨益。研究结果可为农户生计与土地利用的可持续发展提供理论依据。  相似文献   

Petrogenesis and sedimentary environment of silicate in Late Paleozoic in Kala area of Western Sichuan Province     

LIU Daming  YAO Hongyou  HU Lin  YU Liang  LIU Yizhong 《中国地质调查》2021,7(6):68-78

In order to study the sedimentary environment characteristics of the Late Paleozoic in Kala area of Western Sichuan Province, the authors have conducted the petrological and geochemical analyses of the widely distributed silicate in Qiongyi Formation of Lower Carboniferous and Kawenggou Formation of Upper Permian. The results show that the silicate in the study area belongs to the pure siliceous rocks, with a continuous supply of land-based materials during the deposition process. The average Al/(Al+Fe+Mn) ratio is 0.62, and the silicate shows a biogenic origin by the Al-Fe-Mn diagram. The ratios of Al₂O₃/ (Al₂O₃+ Fe₂O₃), Th/U, Th/Sc, (La/Ce)_N and (La/Yb)_N and tectonic environment discriminant diagram demonstrate that the silicate developed in a shallow-slope depesitional environment in the continental margin. The Ce_anom value is -0.04 to 0.07, and it gradually increases from the Carboniferous to the Permian period, indicating the water body is in an anoxic environment with gradually increasing reducibility. The Garz--Litang basin opened in the Carboniferous period, in accordance with the regional geological evolution, and it continued to expand during the Permian period, with the gradually increasing depth of the seawater within the sedimentary basins.  相似文献   

海南岛蒸发量的变化特征及其影响因子分析     

施晨晓  羊清雯  王小洁  程洪涛  郑虹晖 《气象科技》2019,47(3):439-449

利用海南岛18个气象观测站1966—2001年逐日20cm口径小型蒸发皿蒸发量及气象要素资料,通过数理统计方法分析了海南岛年和四季的蒸发量变化特征及气象因子对蒸发量的影响。结果表明:从时间上看,海南岛年蒸发量变化呈波动式下降,蒸发量的减少主要出现在春季,冬季和夏季次之。从空间上看,年蒸发量呈东北少、西南多的分布,其大值区主要集中在西南部,小值区主要集中在东北部和中部地区。M-K检验说明年与春冬两季蒸发量的变化呈下降趋势且在1994年前后发生突变。影响蒸发量变化的因子中,日照时数和风速是造成蒸发量减小的主要因子,降水量的影响仅次于风速和日照时数,而气温不是造成海南岛蒸发量减小的主要因子,相对湿度可能是海南岛的蒸发量减小的影响因子。  相似文献   

湖北省山区与平原雷电分布及其参数特征     

王学良  张科杰  余田野  汪姿荷 《气象科技》2019,47(2):337-348

为进一步了解山区与平原雷电参数分布特征及其差异,为山区和平原地区雷电防护工程设计和雷击风险评估提供参考,根据湖北省ADTD地闪定位系统2006年12月至2016年12月监测的资料,采用数理统计方法,对山区和平原地区的地闪频次、极性、雷电流幅值和波头陡度等参数分布特征进行了对比研究。结果表明:①山区地闪密度略高于平原地区,平原正地闪百分比稍高于山区,近10年的正地闪百分比呈上升趋势。②正地闪平均强度山区比平原大1.16kA,负地闪平均强度山区比平原小3.67kA,平原总地闪平均强度比山区大3.46kA。③总地闪小雷电流幅值(I≤30kA)概率山区比平原大8.9%,大雷电流幅值(I100kA)概率平原比山区大0.6%。④山区正地闪平均陡度分别比负、总地闪平均陡度大2.44kA/μs和2.31kA/μs,平原正、负、总地闪平均陡度分别比山区大3.41kA/μs、5.77kA/μs和5.64kA/μs。可以得出,山区小雷电流绕击率大于平原,正地闪雷电感应的危害大于负地闪和总地闪;平原地区大雷电流反击率比山区大,雷电感应的危害大于山区。  相似文献   

CMIP6通量距平强迫模式比较计划（FAFMIP）概况与评述     

王雅琦  刘海龙  靳江波  林鹏飞  马金峰  李逸文  于子棚  杨茜  孙志阔  丁梦蓉  孟瑶 《气候变化研究进展》2019,15(5):481-486

通量距平强迫模式比较计划（FAFMIP）是第六次国际耦合模式比较计划（CMIP6）的子计划之一。FAFMIP共设计了5组试验,利用CMIP6中的大气-海洋耦合环流模式（AOGCM）对海表施加动量通量、热通量和淡水通量扰动,旨在研究在CO₂强迫下模式模拟的海洋热吸收,由热膨胀引起的全球平均海平面上升,及由海洋密度和环流导致的动力海平面变化等方面的不确定性。  相似文献   

海南岛橡胶割胶期的气候适宜度变化特征分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈小敏  刘少军  张京红  陈汇林 《气象与环境科学》2019,42(2):35-41

选取海南省18个市县气象站19612017年逐日气象资料,构建逐月橡胶割胶单要素(温度、日照时数、降水量和降水日数、风速)和综合气候适宜度模型,分析其时空变化特征。结果表明:1)海南岛天然橡胶单要素适宜度对比排序:日照适宜度最高,降水和风速适宜度次之,温度适宜度最低。2)橡胶割胶气候适宜度为0.43~0.80,其中411月较高,适宜割胶;12月至次年3月较低,不适宜割胶。3)天然橡胶割胶适宜度高值区主要分布在海南岛中部地区,该区温度适宜度较高,降水量充足,年平均风速小;低值区主要分布在西部和北部沿海地区,该区主要因为年平均风速大,降雨量不足,易造成干旱;其余地区为适宜度次高值区,该区热量和降水都比较充足,但也容易受高温干旱或风害影响,应予以重点防范。4)19612017年海南岛橡胶割胶期气候适宜度总体呈明显增大趋势,气候倾向率为0.009/10a。  相似文献   

2017年辽宁省春夏季精细化气象干旱监测评估     

李晶  王婉昭  刘东明  黄岩  王莹  李荣平 《气象与环境学报》2019,35(3):100-105

基于辽宁省1114个国家级和区域级地面台站1961年以来的逐日气温和降水观测资料,利用距离平方反比法差值生成了1717个乡镇的气象资料序列,采用气象干旱综合监测指数统计分析了辽宁省2017年4—8月精细化到乡镇的气象干旱特征。结果表明:2017年辽宁省春夏季异常高温,同时降水异常偏少,致使气象干旱不断发展;干旱在4月5日前从中部和北部开始,4月末扩展到西部,5—6月再向东南发展,波及88%的乡镇,7月以来气象干旱程度开始减轻;气象干旱持续时间长的乡镇主要集中在中部和北部,最长持续时间153d;受气温偏高和降水过程的影响,中度以上气象干旱面积呈阶段性变化,且极端干旱的发展伴随高温时段。由于气象干旱不同于农业干旱,在开展为农服务时要因地制宜采取应对措施。  相似文献   

那曲地区植被NDVI时空变化及成因分析     

拉巴  洛桑曲珍  次珍  平措旺丹 《气象与环境学报》2019,35(4):69-76

利用GIS和遥感技术方法分析了2000—2014年那曲地区植被归一化指数(NDVI)的时空分布特征和变化趋势,探讨了NDVI与几种气象因子的关系。结果表明:空间上,研究区植被NDVI在空间上呈自西向东、自南向北逐步增大,高海拔地区小于低海拔地区的分布特点;时间上,近15a的NDVI总体上呈不显著性下降趋势,NDVI变化可以分为3个阶段,分别为2000—2005年较好,2006—2008年略差,2009—2014年好转。植被面积变化趋势表现为西北部植被处于稳定状态的面积居多,变化较明显的区域集中在中部和东南部地区的人口密集区,改善和退化区域呈现交错出现的特点。那曲地区植被变化的主要影响因素为降水量和热量因素引起的,人类活动在较短时间尺度上对植被也有较大影响。  相似文献   

THE TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF SEA SURFACE WIND ALONG THE COAST OF GUANGDONG PROVINCE IN CHINA     

廖菲  邓华  陈柏纬 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2019,25(1):129-140

Temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of sea surface wind in Guangdong''s coastal areas were analyzed with data from four offshore observational stations between 2012 and 2015. The results are shown as follows: (1) The probability distribution of wind speed was basically consistent with Gaussian distribution characteristics; winds of Beaufort force 6 or higher were observed mainly in far offshore stations from October to March. (2) The probability distribution of wind direction was represented well by Weibull distribution. The deviation of wind direction of far station was relatively small for it was mainly controlled by monsoon over the South China Sea, while the near offshore station had a relatively large diurnal variation because of the influence of local synoptic systems such as sea-land breeze. (3) There were significant seasonal differences in wind speed and direction observed by different offshore observational stations. In strong wind seasons, the deviation of wind direction was relatively small while the deviation of wind speed was relatively large, and vice versa. In contrast with Class I station, the other three stations exhibited approximately normal distribution of wind direction and wind speed deviations. (4) Wind direction diurnal variation was moderate in windy periods, while it was obvious in relatively lower speed conditions. The deviation of wind speed in windy periods was generally greater because it was influenced by mesoscale weather systems for 10-20 h, and the influence was complicated, resulting in greater local differences in wind speed.  相似文献   

CAUSAL ANALYSIS AND NUMERICAL MODELING OF THE INSHORE INTENSIFICATION OF SUPER TYPHOON “HATO”     

于鑫  郑腾飞  万齐林  肖辉  刘显通  王婷 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2019,25(3):293-303

This paper comprehensively analyzes the characteristics and cause of the inshore intensification of super typhoon "Hato", the 13 th super typhoon in 2017. The aspects of typhoon structure, evolution of large-scale circulation and physical quantity field are analyzed using observation data from the Guangdong Automatic Station, Shenzhen Doppler Radar data, NCEP 1°×1° reanalysis data, NCEP 0.25°×0.25° sea surface temperature(SST) data, etc.Additionally, in order to investigate the influence of SST change on the intensity of "Hato", the WRF model and ECMWF 0.125°×0.125° reanalysis data are combined to conduct 3 sensitivity tests on"Hato". The results show that the favorable conditions for inshore intensification of "Hato"included the strengthening and westward extension of the subtropical high, continuous increase of low level moisture transport, an anomalous warm SST area north of 20°N in the South China Sea, an extreme divergence value in the northern South China Sea exceeding 6 ×10-5 s-1, and vertical environmental wind shear between 1.1 m/s-4.8 m/s. The intensity of"Hato"was very sensitive to changes in SST. When the SST rose or dropped by 2℃, the minimum central pressure of the typhoon changed by about 13 hPa or 11 hPa,respectively. SST indirectly influenced the intensity of the typhoon through affecting latent heat transport and sensible heat transport.  相似文献