Biomineralization of Uranium: A Simulated Experiment and Its Significance   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

L. L. BARTON  H. WIATROWSKI 《《地质学报》英文版》2005,79(1):134-138

A simulated experimental reduction of U^v1 and the synthesis of uraninite by a sulfate-reducing bacteria,Desulfovibrio desulfuricans DSM 642, are first reported. The simulated physicochemical experimental conditions were:35℃, pH=7.0-7.4, corresponding to the environments of formation of the sandstone-hosted interlayer oxidation-zone type uranium deposits in Xinjiang, NW China. Uraninite was formed on the surface of the host bacteria after a one-week‘s incubation. Therefore, sulfate-reducing bacteria, which existed extensively in Jurassic sandstone-producing environments,might have participated in the biomineralization of this uranium deposit. There is an important difference in the orderdisorder of the crystalline structure between the uraninite produced by Desulfovibrio desulfuricans and naturally occurring uraninite. Long time and slow precipitation and growth of uraninite in the geological environment might have resulted in larger uraninite crystals, with uraninite nanocrystals arranged in order, whereas the experimentally produced uraninite is composed of unordered uraninite nanocrystals which, in contrast, result from the short time span of formation and rapid precipitation and growth of uraninite. The discovery has important implications for understanding genetic significance in mineralogy, and also indicates that in-situ bioremediation of U-contaminated environments and use of biotechnology in the treatment of radioactive liquid waste is being contemplated.  相似文献   

Transport rate of calcareous sand in unidirectional flow     

DAVID A. SMITH  KWOK FAI CHEUNG 《Sedimentology》2005,52(5):1009-1020

This paper examines the transport of calcareous sand in unidirectional flow and its prediction through existing sediment transport models. A flume experiment of four sand samples collected on Oahu, Hawaii, provides 29 sets of sediment transport data in the bed-form and suspended transport stages. The measured transport data are compared with direct predictions from four energy-based transport models developed for siliceous particles. Corrections for the grain-size, fall velocity, and critical velocity of calcareous sand based on recent research are applied to the models and the results are compared with the direct calculations and measured data. The comparison illustrates the important role particle shape plays in the transport of calcareous sand. All four sediment transport models give consistent predictions and good agreement with the majority of the measured data. Two of the models respond positively to the corrections in both the bed-form and suspended transport stages indicating that such an approach may provide an interim solution for the transport of calcareous sand.  相似文献   

北极冰下声传播特性实验研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

翁晋宝  杨燕明  文洪涛  周鸿涛 《海洋学报》2019,41(3):76-85

通过2017年8月6日在北极海域开展的一次声传播实验，开展了冰下声传播特性实验研究。结合Burke-Twersky （BT）散射模型与射线模型，分析了冰下声传播的多途到达结构，研究了接收声强变化规律，解释了接收声强在30 min内衰减20 dB的现象，分析了接收信号的时间相关性，探讨了接收信号相关性较低的原因。实验结果表明，表面接收信号主要由小角度多次反转反射声线、一次海底反射声线和二次海底反射声线依次构成，表面声道到达信号显著强于海底反射信号。试验冰站在试验期间的运动导致了声传播信号强度和相关性的迅速衰减，并通过仿真得到了验证。  相似文献   

基于剪切波速的深层砂土地震液化研究     

王薇  李恒  徐利军 《大地测量与地球动力学》2019,39(1):93-97

阐述了剪切波速法判别饱和砂土液化的原理，结合武汉地区某工程实例，对场地内埋深超越“规范法”适用范围的砂层进行液化判别，确定场地的临界液化深度。通过与室内动三轴试验的对比得出，2种方法的液化判别结果及确定的临界液化深度均吻合较好，验证了以剪切波速为指标的液化评估方法的可行性。  相似文献   

Influence of a coarse interlayer on seawater intrusion and contaminant migration in coastal aquifers          下载免费PDF全文

Yi Liu  Xiaomin Mao  Jian Chen  D. A. Barry 《水文研究》2014,28(20):5162-5175

Vertical 2D slice laboratory experiments were carried out in homogenous and layered sand tanks to elucidate the effects of a highly permeable (coarse‐grained sand) interlayer on seawater intrusion and transport of contaminants to a coastal sea. Tidal fluctuations produced oscillations in the seawater–freshwater transition zone, fluctuations of the contaminant infiltration rate and a zigzag contaminant plume outline. The seawater wedge became discontinuous at the (vertical) edges of the interlayer because of increased lateral movement of the seawater–freshwater interface within the interlayer. The contaminant plume formed a tail within the interlayer depending on the tidal stage, and similar to the wedge, its movement was accentuated. A simple analytical model that neglected vertical flow reliably predicted steady‐state seawater intrusion into the coastal aquifer. Numerical modeling was used to gain insight into the groundwater hydrodynamics and contaminant migration. The numerical results confirmed the experimental findings, i.e. that a highly permeable interlayer can provide a rapid transit path for contaminants to reach the seaward boundary and that the interlayer amplifies the effects of tidal fluctuations, resulting in wider transition zones for the seawater wedge and contaminant plume. Numerical simulations further showed that, with increasing interlayer hydraulic conductivity, the maximum seawater intrusion distance inside the interlayer increases approximately linearly. For the fixed‐head contaminant injection condition used, the model showed that contaminant infiltration increases approximately logarithmically with increasing interlayer hydraulic conductivity (other factors held fixed). Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

牡蛎对浮游植物群落下行控制作用的围隔实验研究     

王兆慧  张光涛 《海洋科学》2020,44(9):47-53

牡蛎的滤食作用不但能控制浮游植物丰度，还能通过摄食选择性影响群落结构。通过在较高营养水体的围隔实验表明，牡蛎养殖在持续磷限制条件下，促使浮游植物群落由甲藻向小型硅藻优势转变。实验结束时对照组中浮游植物群落由扁压原甲藻主导，占总丰度的77%；而牡蛎养殖组新月柱鞘藻丰度占比达到93%。牡蛎养殖组中，甲藻去除速率随养殖密度增长，但是硅藻最终丰度在高密度牡蛎组最高。研究结果说明大量的贝类养殖能够提升小型链状硅藻的优势度，增加此类赤潮发生风险。  相似文献   

圆紫菜(Pyropia suborbiculata)减数分裂时期的遗传分析与叶状体形态建成     

杨秀文  丁洪昌  严兴洪  刘长军 《海洋与湖沼》2019,50(1):173-180

本文以圆紫菜的绿色突变体(LT)和红色突变体(HT)进行杂交实验,证实了圆紫菜减数分裂发生的时期,并观察了圆紫菜的早期发育和形态建成过程。杂交F1叶状体中,出现了2种亲本色和2种重组色,它们分别为绿色(G,母本色)、红色(R,父本色)、野生色(W)和黄褐色(Y)。4种颜色在F1叶状体中形成了大量由2—4个色块组成的颜色嵌合体,色块出现了分离并呈线性排列。F1叶状体中嵌合体所占比例为82.9%,其中两嵌合最多,三嵌合次之,四嵌合最少。4种颜色在嵌合体的分离比为1G:0.97R:0.88W:0.69Y。上述结果证实圆紫菜的减数分裂发生在壳孢子萌发初期。减数分裂产生的四分子呈线形排列,随后继续发育成叶状体,叶状体发育至7—9个细胞时进行第一次纵向分裂,叶状体形态变宽。随后,圆紫菜梢部开始大量形成和放散单孢子,最终导致圆紫菜的形状为圆形或肾脏形。  相似文献   

关于山东省地热尾水回灌试验的应用研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

崔圆圆 《山东国土资源》2019,35(7)

为解决地热水开采利用过程中造成诸如水位下降、热流体排放引起的热污染和化学污染等问题,通过开展地热尾水回灌试验研究,认为在开采深层的地下热水资源的同时,必须进行人工的回灌补源,山东省通过在德州、东营、济南等地开展地热尾水回灌试验工作,效果显著。  相似文献   

Autogenic avulsion,channelization and backfilling dynamics of debris‐flow fans          下载免费PDF全文

Tjalling de Haas  Wilco van den Berg  Lisanne Braat  Maarten G. Kleinhans 《Sedimentology》2016,63(6):1596-1619

Alluvial fans develop their semi‐conical shape by quasi‐cyclic avulsions of their geomorphologically active sector from a fixed fan apex. On debris‐flow fans, these quasi‐cyclic avulsions are poorly understood, partly because physical scale experiments on the formation of fans have been limited largely to turbidite and fluvial fans and deltas. In this study, debris‐flow fans were experimentally created under constant extrinsic forcing, and autogenic sequences of backfilling, avulsion and channelization were observed. Backfilling, avulsion and channelization were gradual processes that required multiple successive debris‐flow events. Debris flows avulsed along preferential flow paths given by the balance between steepest descent and flow inertia. In the channelization phase, debris flows became progressively longer and narrower because momentum increasingly focused on the flow front as flow narrowed, resulting in longer run‐out and deeper channels. Backfilling commenced when debris flows reached their maximum possible length and channel depth, as defined by channel slope and debris‐flow volume and composition, after which they progressively shortened and widened until the entire channel was filled and avulsion was initiated. The terminus of deposition moved upstream because the frontal lobe deposits of previous debris flows created a low‐gradient zone forcing deposition. Consequently, the next debris flow was shorter which led to more in‐channel sedimentation, causing more overbank flow in the next debris flow and resulting in reduced momentum to the flow front and shorter runout. This topographic feedback is similar to the interaction between flow and mouth bars forcing backfilling and transitions from channelized to sheet flow in turbidite and fluvial fans and deltas. Debris‐flow avulsion cycles are governed by the same large‐scale topographic compensation that drives avulsion cycles on fluvial and turbidite fans, although the detailed processes are unique to debris‐flow fans. This novel result provides a basis for modelling of debris‐flow fans with applications in hazards and stratigraphy.  相似文献   

Investigation of directional hydraulic fracturing based on true tri-axial experiment and finite element modeling     

《Computers and Geotechnics》2016

The initiation and propagation of directional hydraulic fracturing (DHF) was investigated based on true tri-axial experiment and finite element modeling. The influences of notch angle, notch length and injection rate on the DHF were investigated. The initiation and propagation of DHF was modeled by a 3D nonlinear finite element method. A comparison between experimental investigation and numerical modeling results indicates that there is a good correlation between unbalanced force (UF) and fracturing. UF can be used to predict the hydraulic fracture initiation and propagation.  相似文献