渤海沉积物中细菌群落结构和基因丰度的空间分布特征     

陈泉睿  樊景凤  苏洁  明红霞  孙志浩  李梦飞  赵小慧  王艳涛  张颖雪  张慧珍  金媛  马笑晚  王斌 《海洋学报(英文版)》2020,39(2):69-78

This study investigated differences in the community structure and environmental responses of the bacterial community in sediments of the Bohai Sea.Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology and real-time PCR were used to assay the bacterial 16S rRNA genes in the surface sediments of 13 sampling stations in the Bohai Sea.The results showed that sediments at the majority of the 13 sampling stations were contaminated by heavy metal mercury.The main phyla of bacteria recorded included Proteobacteria(52.92%),Bacteroidetes(11.76%),Planctomycetes(7.39%),Acidobacteria(6.53%)and Chloroflexi(4.97%).The genus with the highest relative abundance was Desulfobulbus(4.99%),which was the dominant genus at most sampling stations,followed by Lutimonas and Halioglobus.The main factors influencing bacterial community structure were total organic carbon,followed by depth and total phosphorus.The content of lead,cadmium,chromium,copper and zinc had a consistent effect on community structure.Arsenic showed a negative correlation with bacterial community structure in most samples,while the impact of mercury on community structure was not significant.The bacterial community in sediment samples from the Bohai Sea was rich in diversity and displayed an increase in diversity from high to low latitudes.The data indicated that the Bohai Sea had abundant microbial resources and was rich in bacteria with the potential to metabolize many types of pollutants.  相似文献   

基于高通量测序技术的两种水螅水母现场食物研究          下载免费PDF全文

徐盛楠  孙婷婷  彭赛君  张建设  董志军 《应用海洋学学报》2020,39(1):49-56

水母类在自然海区的食物组成是摄食生态学研究的核心问题,本研究利用高通量测序技术分析了管花萨氏水母(Sarsia tubulosa)和八斑芮氏水母(Rathkea octopunctata)的现场食物组成。结果表明:管花萨氏水母和八斑芮氏水母现场摄食食物具有较高的多样性,管花萨氏水母摄食食物31种,八斑芮氏水母29种;两种水母从食物组成上看,属于杂食性生物,其食物包括浮游动物、真菌、浮游植物、陆地植物碎屑等;管花萨氏水母和八斑芮氏水母二者互为捕食对象;二者摄食的食物类群具有相似性,主要来源于节肢动物门和颚足纲,均以太平真宽水蚤为摄食优势种,分别贡献两者食物总量的45.14%和42.42%。高通量测序技术是深入探究水母现场食物组成新的技术手段,两种水母的现场食物组成结果为水母摄食生态学的研究提供了重要参考。  相似文献   

模拟增雨对荒漠土壤古菌多样性的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

高莹  徐晓天  辛智鸣  吴波 《中国沙漠》2020,40(1):156-165

为探讨生长季增雨对荒漠土壤中古菌群落结构的影响,根据内蒙古磴口多年平均降水量,设计了模拟增雨试验,包括对照、2个增雨时段（生长季前期与后期）、每个时段2个增雨梯度（50%与100%）共计5种处理。增雨后提取荒漠土壤总DNA,对古菌群落编码16S rRNA基因的V4区进行Hiseq测序,分析古菌群落丰度、多样性及结构组成等。结果表明：该地区荒漠土壤中古菌群落均以奇古菌门（Thaumarchaeota）和广古菌门（Euryarchaeota）为优势菌群。NMDS和3种非相似性分析（MRPP、ANOSIM和Adonis）表明,生长季前期增雨未显著改变古菌的群落结构,生长季后期增雨显著改变了古菌的群落结构,当生长季后期增雨量达到100%时,古菌丰富度和多样性显著降低。与氨氧化过程密切相关的奇古菌门（Thaumarchaeota）相对丰度在生长季后期100%增雨条件下显著增加,将促进荒漠土壤的硝化过程。Mantel检验发现荒漠土壤古菌群落结构受土壤湿度、土壤温度、土壤硝态氮含量的影响。未来全球变化背景下降水格局变化将会对荒漠土壤古菌群落结构产生影响,并可能影响氮循环过程。  相似文献   

Characterization of Bacterial Community Associated with Four Organs of the Yesso Scallop (Patinopecten yessoensis) by High-Throughput Sequencing     

MA Yuexin  LI Ming  SUN Jingxian  HAO Zhenlin  LIANG Jun  ZHAO Xuewei 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2019,(2):493-500

We used Illumina high-throughput sequencing of PCR-amplified V3-V4 16 S rRNA gene regions to characterize bacterial communities associated with the adductor muscles, gills, gonads and intestines of the Yesso scallop(Patinopecten yessoensis) from waters around Zhangzidao, Dalian, China. Overall, 421,276 optimized reads were classified as 25 described bacterial phyla and 308 genera. Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Tenericutes, Bacteroidetes, Chlamydiae and Spirochaetae accounted for > 97% of the total reads in the four organs. The bacterial 16 S rDNA sequences assigned to Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were abundant in the adductor muscles, gills and gonads; while reads from Tenericutes were dominant in the intestines, followed by those from Firmicutes, Chlamydiae, Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes. At the genus level, the dominant genera in the adductor muscles, gills and gonads appeared to be Bacillus, Enterococcus and Lactococcus, whereas Mycoplasma was dominant in the intestines. The relative abundances of Bacillus, Enterococcus, Lactococcus, Alkaliphilus, Raoultella, Paenibacillus and Oceanobacillus were significantly lower in the intestine than in the other three organs. Cluster analysis and principal coordinates analysis of the operational taxonomy units profile revealed significant differences in the bacterial community structure between the intestine and the other three organs. Taken together, these results suggest that scallops have intestine-specific bacterial communities and the adductor muscles, gills and gonads harbor similar communities. The difference in the bacterial community between organs may relate to unique habitats, surroundings, diet and their respective physiological functions.  相似文献   

Analysis of cultivable aerobic bacterial community composition and screening for facultative sulfate-reducing bacteria in marine corrosive steel     

LI Xiaohong  XIAO Hui  ZHANG Wenjun  LI Yongqian  TANG Xuexi  DUAN Jizhou  YANG Zhibo  WANG Jing  GUAN Fang  DING Guoqing 《海洋湖沼学报（英文）》2019,(2):600-614

Anaerobic, aerobic, and facultative bacteria are all present in corrosive environments. However, as previous studies to address corrosion in the marine environment have largely focused on anaerobic bacteria, limited attention has been paid to the composition and function of aerobic and facultative bacteria in this process. For analysis in this study, ten samples were collected from rust layers on steel plates that had been immersed in seawater for diff erent periods (i.e., six months and eight years) at Sanya and Xiamen, China. The cultivable aerobic bacterial community structure as well as the number of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) were analyzed in both cases, while the proportion of facultative SRB among the isolated aerobic bacteria in each sample was also evaluated using a novel approach. Bacterial abundance results show that the proportions are related to sea location and immersion time;abundances of culturable aerobic bacteria (CAB) and SRB from Sanya were greater in most corrosion samples than those from Xiamen, and abundances of both bacterial groups were greater in samples immersed for six months than for eight years. A total of 213 isolates were obtained from all samples in terms of CAB community composition, and a phylogenetic analysis revealed that the taxa comprised four phyla and 31 genera. Bacterial species composition is related to marine location;the results show that Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were the dominant phyla, accounting for 98.13% of the total, while Bacillus and Vibrio were the dominant genera, accounting for 53.06% of the total. An additional sixfacultative SRB strains were also screened from the isolates obtained and were found to encompass the genus Vibrio (four strains), Staphylococcus (one strain), and Photobacterium (one strain). It is noteworthy that mentions of Photobacterium species have so far been absent from the literature, both in terms of its membership of the SRB group and its relationship to corrosion.  相似文献   

中国亚热带-热带3个海区微型鞭毛虫群落优势种和稀有种的分布特征和建群机制          下载免费PDF全文

郭馨  林晓晴  郑欣怡  刘强  黄成  逄萌雯  陈星星  黄凌风 《应用海洋学学报》2022,41(3):356-374

海洋微型鞭毛虫是海洋微型真核浮游生物中非常重要的一大类群,在构成和维持海洋生态系统的结构和功能中扮演着重要角色。微生物群落通常由少数优势种和大量稀有种组成,这种分布模式在海洋微型鞭毛虫群落中也极为常见,并且二者的内在特征可能对群落生物地理分布格局以及生态系统功能产生不同影响。然而在多数研究中并未将两种不同亚群落进行区分,对二者的分布特征、对环境和空间因子的响应以及在总体群落中的生态地位等的认识十分有限。本研究利用高通量测序技术,调查了中国近海亚热带 热带3个自然海区微型鞭毛虫群落中优势种和稀有种的分布特征,并探讨了环境因子和空间因子与不同亚群落之间的关系,利用中性模型揭示了中性过程在群落构建中的作用,最后通过共现网络分析解析了两种不同亚群落在总体群落中的生态地位。结果表明：3个海区微型鞭毛虫群落中的优势类群和稀有类群在多样性和物种组成上具有不同的特征,表现出一定的生物地理分布格局;这与它们受到不同程度环境因子和空间因子的驱动作用有关;中性模型的结果体现了随机过程在两种亚群落中的重要作用;最后,共现网络关系反映出不同丰富程度的生态类群具有重叠但又相异的生态位,从而在同一环境中形成物种的共存,维持了群落结构的稳定,而稀有类群以较高的连接度和更高比例的关键种数目,在网络关系中起到重要的连接作用。本研究初步揭示了中国近海微型鞭毛虫优势种和稀有种的分布特征和建群机制,为深入认识海洋微型鞭毛虫的群落结构、分布格局以及影响其群落构建的生态过程提供理论依据。  相似文献   

南海东沙深海冷泉区973-5重力柱沉积物古菌多样性     

滕田田  苏新  刘浩东  崔鸿鹏  陈芳  程思海  杨胜雄  王宏斌  梁金强  苏丕波 《现代地质》2020,34(1):104-116

中国南海东沙一带冷泉发育,但目前国内外对深海冷泉区微生物研究甚少,特别是缺乏利用高通量测序的记录。对东沙深海冷泉区973-5站位(该站位水深约3 000 m)长约935 cm的重力岩心进行了高通量分析。结果显示:该站位微生物细胞丰度为5.3×10⁸~34.0×10⁸个/g,随深度变深而增加,其变化趋势与甲烷含量变化可对比,与粒度、有机碳的变化也具有相关性。测序结果显示,岩心中主要古菌类群是MBGB(39.9%)、C3(15.8%)以及ANME-1(12.0%),随着深度的变化群落组成有所改变。硫酸盐-甲烷界面(SMI,760 cm)上下出现了大量的MBGB和ANME-1类群,pH也不断增加,暗示了这一区域存在不断增强的甲烷厌氧氧化作用。岩心底部出现了一定量的ANME-1和ANME-2类群,暗示除了在SMI附近甲烷氧化和硫酸盐还原反应强烈,其下部可能还有水合物的分解与甲烷的上涌,为ANME类群生存提供了营养物质。与东沙海区其他站位相比,973-5站位的甲烷通量较高,但没有发现产甲烷菌,推测该区沉积物中高浓度的甲烷来源为周边浅部或深部断裂系统运移供给。  相似文献   

高通量测序技术揭示印度尼西亚北苏拉威西岛一株色素异常澄黄滨珊瑚特异的共生微生物群落     

欧丹云  陈彬  HADI Tri Aryono  SUHARSONO null  牛文涛  ALFIANSAH Yustian Rovi 《海洋学报(英文版)》2018,37(12):78-84

细菌性疾病对珊瑚的健康影响造成了很大影响,而致病菌与珊瑚疾病之间的对应性还不明朗。色素异常现象是野外澄黄滨珊瑚一种常见的不健康状态。我们采用Illumina 16s rRNA基因高通量测序技术比较分析了健康和色素异常澄黄滨珊瑚共生细菌的群落组成差异。色素异常澄黄滨珊瑚共生细菌的多样性明显高于健康澄黄滨珊瑚,同时两种珊瑚的共生细菌群落组成也有很大差异。一些特定的细菌类群在澄黄滨珊瑚共生细菌中的比例很高,推测这些细菌种类可能是导致澄黄滨珊瑚色素异常的“罪魁祸首”。  相似文献   

海洋沉积物氨氧化菌群落结构的测序分析     

贺惠  陈阳阳  王勋功  甄毓  米铁柱  于志刚  李迎 《海洋科学》2018,42(8):22-29

本文以氨氧化细菌(ammonia-oxidizing bacteria,AOB)特征基因氨单加氧酶(ammonia monooxygenase,AMO)α亚基基因(amoA)为目标基因(～491bp),分别采用克隆文库、454高通量测序和illumina测序技术对其群落结构进行了比较研究。结果表明, 454高通量测序和illumina测序技术得到的菌群多样性及丰富度均高于克隆文库技术。在菌群组成方面,虽然3种测序技术检测到的优势类群均为亚硝化螺菌,但在菌群丰度方面存在差异。3种测序技术中,克隆文库技术在很大程度上可能高估物种丰度,且对部分低丰度类群的检测能力有限;illumina单端测序由于其测序片段较短,可能存在物种注释错误、不能准确区分各物种间序列差异等问题;比较而言, 454高通量测序技术能较为全面和准确地反映海洋沉积物中AOB的菌群结构特征。  相似文献   

中国近海洄游日本鳗鲡(Anguilla japonica)玻璃鳗肠道微生物菌群分析          下载免费PDF全文

姜之信  李慷  巴旭冰  曾祥标  刘利平 《海洋与湖沼》2023,54(6):1728-1736

为研究长江口日本鳗鲡玻璃鳗肠道菌群的结构与多样性特征,初步探究野生鳗鲡仔鱼的营养需求,分别采集浙江台州市、舟山市以及江苏盐城市邻近海域的玻璃鳗样品,利用16S rDNA扩增子测序技术,分析三个采样点玻璃鳗肠道优势菌群及营养代谢相关的功能差异。结果显示,三个采样点的玻璃鳗肠道菌群均以变形菌门(Proteobacteria, 68.7%～82.0%)和放线菌门(Actinobacteria,4.2%～19.0%)为主要优势菌门。在属分类水平上,不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter, 12.4%～17.3%)和假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas, 8.07%～13.03%)丰度较高,属固定优势菌属。此外,每个采样点样本中都含有丰富的独特细菌群,包括台州市的气单胞菌属(Aeromonas)、舟山市的内生单胞属(Endozoicomonas)和丙酸杆菌属(Cutibacterium)以及盐城市的嗜冷杆菌属(Psychrobacter)和稳杆菌属(Empedobacter),推测是受采样点不同水环境因素影响。不动杆菌、假单胞菌、内生单胞菌等菌属在多种鱼类肠道中有着消化蛋白质的功能,气单胞菌虽属于...  相似文献