基于DPSIR模型的河西走廊农田防护林健康评价     

李雪宁  徐先英  杨雪梅  郑桂恒  刘虎俊  付贵全  陈芳  边小云 《中国沙漠》2023,43(1):234-243

农田防护林健康对维护绿洲生态安全、减少风沙灾害、改善局地小气候、提高农作物产量等具有重要的意义。综合运用熵值法和层次分析法确定指标权重,基于驱动力-压力-状态-影响-响应（DPSIR）模型对河西走廊农田防护林健康状况进行了评价。结果表明：（1）河西走廊农田防护林整体上处于亚健康水平,瓜州县、酒泉市肃州区、嘉峪关市和临泽县的农田防护林处于健康水平,民勤、民乐、高台和阿克塞的农田防护林处于不健康水平,其余区县农田防护林处于亚健康状态。（2）林带连续性、疏透度、修枝情况和地区经济收入是驱动区域农田防护林健康状况的关键因素。  相似文献   

SUSTAINABLE RURAL LIVELIHOOD AND ECOLOGICAL SHELTER CONSTRUCTION IN UPPER REACHES OF CHANGJIANG RIVER ——Case Study of Zhaotong of Yunnan Province     

SHENG Ke-rong FAN Jie MA Hai-long 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2006,16(1):32-40

1INTRODUCTION Ecological shelter construction (ESC) in the upper reaches of the Changjiang (Yangtze) River has been an important component of Development Program of West- ern China. In recent years, most of the literatures dis- cussing the meanings and goals of ESC have been fo- cused on the macro-level, and the scholars have concep- tualized it as a comprehensive strategy to promote the sustainable development of regional economy, society and environment, in which forestry's construc…  相似文献   

Integrating multi-agent evacuation simulation and multi-criteria evaluation for spatial allocation of urban emergency shelters     

Jia Yu  Chuanrong Zhang  Jiahong Wen  Weidong Li  Rui Liu  Hui Xu 《International journal of geographical information science》2018,32(9):1884-1910

The timely and secure evacuation of residents to nearby urban emergency shelters is of great importance during unexpected disaster events. However, evacuation and allocation of shelters are seldom examined as a whole, even though they are usually closely related tasks in disaster management. To conduct better spatial allocation of emergency shelters in cities, this study proposes a new method which integrates techniques of multi-agent system and multi-criteria evaluation for spatial allocation of urban emergency shelters. Compared with the traditional emergency shelter allocation methods, the proposed method highlights the importance of dynamic emergency evacuation simulations for spatial allocation suitability analysis. Three kinds of agents involved in evacuation and sheltering procedures are designed: government agents, shelter agents, and resident agents. Emergency evacuations are simulated based on the interactions of these agents to find potential problems, for example, time-consuming evacuation processes and road congestion. A case study in Jing’an District, Shanghai, China was conducted to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method. After three rounds of simulation and optimization, new shelters were spatially allocated and a detailed recommended plan of shelters and related facilities was generated. The optimized spatial allocation of shelters may help local residents to be evacuated more quickly and securely.  相似文献   

邯郸豪群大厦的地基处理与监测     

崔俊山 《海岸工程》1999,18(3):55-57

该建筑物的基本横跨黄河故道及堤岸,并贯穿有地下防空洞。本文介绍了这一建筑物的复杂的地基的处理,建筑物已使用０余,经多次监测,基本没有发生异常沉降。  相似文献   

城市地震应急避难场所展示系统的设计与实现   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

苏建锋  薄万举 《震灾防御技术》2017,12(2):392-398

针对城市应急避难场所信息化建设过程中存在的问题,以天津市地震应急避难场所的实际情况为数据基础,开发了基于Google地图API技术的城市地震应急避难场所展示系统。该系统实现了应急避难场所信息查询、地图量测、避难场所最优路径和应急避险科普宣传等公共服务功能。系统的设计与实现不仅有利于城市居民及时方便准确地获取居住地周围地震应急避难场所空间分布信息和应急避险等知识,同时在城市突发灾害后的抢险救灾、疏散及安置居民等方面起到重要作用。  相似文献   

从抗震设防类别探讨室内地震应急避难场所的选择   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

姜连艳 《震灾防御技术》2017,12(1):203-209

区分建筑物的抗震设防类别是进行抗震设计的前提和依据。本文针对当前我国室内地震应急避难场所认定面临的现有建筑的抗震安全性问题,根据不同版本的《建筑工程抗震设防分类标准》和《建筑抗震设计规范》,对现有体育、会展、教育建筑等设计、施工时依据的抗震设防类别、标准、规范进行分析研究,以为室内地震应急避难场所的选择提供参考,从而推动室内地震应急避难场所的认定工作。  相似文献   

基于百度地图的应急避难场所查询系统的设计与开发     

郑黎辉  叶应树  肖健  赵永安  郭进波 《内陆地震》2014,28(3):202-210

为了将福建全省各地的应急避难场所以电子地图的形式展示在互联网上,采用百度地图API接口二次编程及JaveScript网页脚本技术,实现每个应急避难场所标注在百度地图平台上,并提供应急避难场所的分布、名称、地址、功能分布图和公交线路查询,建成一个优良的地图可视化服务系统。  相似文献   

栅栏防护体系空气动力学效应研究进展     

罗万银  董治宝  钱广强  马立鹏 《中国沙漠》2012,32(4):885-895

栅栏防护体系的空气动力学效应研究是揭示其防护机理的重要基础,也是风沙工程学和风沙物理学应用研究的主要组成部分。根据已有的研究成果,全面综述了近半个多世纪以来有关栅栏防护体系空气动力学机制方面的研究进展,对各个时期的主要成果作以介绍,并对几种代表性防护栅栏最佳疏透度的确定方法及范围分别加以对比分析。分析认为,对栅栏空气动力学效应已取得了相对较深的认识,并且积累了大量的研究经验,对于认识栅栏防护机理具有重要的指导和启发作用。但影响栅栏防护效益的因素是复杂的,众多研究都运用了过多的简化与假设,而且研究者们对于栅栏防护效应的理解不同以及所强调的保护侧重点不同导致评判的标准也各不相同,最终得到的最佳疏透度也有所差异,不能直接运用于实践中。鉴于此,在将来的研究中运用现代测量技术获取可靠的数据资料仍然很重要。  相似文献   

Ethnic and Racial Differences in Tornado Hazard Perception,Preparedness, and Shelter Lead Time in Tuscaloosa     

Jason C. Senkbeil  David A. Scott  Pilar Guinazu-Walker  Meganne S. Rockman 《The Professional geographer》2013,65(4):610-620

The 27 April 2011 EF4 Tuscaloosa tornado directly impacted more than 50,000 residents, causing forty-five fatalities within the city and sixty-five in total. It was a rare urban tornado with varying impacts on the three major ethnic and racial groups within the city. A hybrid survey and interview of open-ended and closed questions was conducted with 211 Tuscaloosa area residents in a two-week period after the tornado. Results indicate significant differences in risk perception, preparedness, and shelter lead time among the three ethnic and racial groups. Furthermore, results were still significant for perception after controlling for the effects of age, education, and experience.  相似文献   

基于GIS的福州应急避难所空间格局评价   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

林雅萍 《福建地理》2013,(3):89-94

日益凸显的突发性自然灾害对城市应急管理提出了更高的要求,应急避难所是其重要基础设施之一.本研究利用福州市社区尺度的人口统计数据建立高精度的人口密度分布图,根据应急避难所的容纳人数与人口密度图动态缓冲区分析计算其服务能力空间范围,对研究区内21个避难所的空间格局进行评价.结果表明,福州城区避难所建设数量不足,空间分布不均,人口服务辐射能力弱.针对福州城区避难所空间分布现状,分析了主要的影响因素,对福州城区应急避难场所选址提出了进一步优化建议,认为在人口分散区的避难所应该增加数量,适当减小规模;而在人口稠密区则可增加规模适中的避难所建设.  相似文献