基于批判地缘政治学视角解读经典地缘政治理论   总被引：26，自引：7，他引：19  

胡志丁  陆大道 《地理学报》2015,70(6)

大国间的争霸与兴衰更替,无不受地缘法则的支配。地理学者应紧跟时代的步伐,准确把握国家利益之所在,抓住机遇为民族伟大复兴做出贡献。但是,缺乏对地缘政治学的历史和哲学的批判将不能准确理解和有效实践地缘政治理论。本文简要介绍了批判地缘政治学的发展,总结了批判地缘政治学的3个特点,据此对4个经典地缘政治理论进行了解读。为了简化解读过程,首先提出了一个解读4个经典地缘政治理论的分析框架;其次根据这个分析框架重点解读了麦金德的"历史的地理枢纽";最后对4个经典地缘政治理论进行了批判性总结。通过批判性解读,得出经典地缘政治理论既有科学性一面,也有假说性和理念性的一面。经典地缘政治理论构建是基于国际地缘格局、国家利益空间分布、国家间空间冲突而构建的,并展现了理论建构者的身份,体现了地缘政治理论的历史性、社会性、情境性和地理知识—权力结构。  相似文献   

华南震旦系陡山沱组磷质震积岩及其与多细胞生物群相关性初探   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王约  楚靖岩  王训练  杨艳飞  徐一帆 《地质论评》2009,55(5):620-627

埃迪卡拉纪（震旦纪）陡山沱期是Rodinia超大陆裂离的重要地质时期,是多细胞生物起源和发展的重要转折时期和磷质聚集时期,也是化学、气候和环境变化的剧烈时期。液化岩脉、液化角砾岩、脉化变形构造、以及阶梯状层内断层等磷质震积岩的发现,表明扬子地区在陡山沱期晚期至少发生过两次以上的地震事件。地震构造运动将地球内部积累能量快速地释放,可能是磷质来源和热水活动一种重要的方式或通道。海水中磷等无机营养盐分的增加,海水温度的升高,有利于多细胞生物的起源和发展,同时多细胞生物的繁盛又有利于磷的聚集。  相似文献   

亚洲陆权博弈视角下中国北方地缘战略价值论析     

杜哲元 《世界地理研究》2016,(3):59-68

古代东亚大陆往往会形成农耕民族(中原王朝)与游牧渔猎民族(北方陆权力量)相并立的二元格局,在两者对抗与博弈的数千年历史中,中国北方地区为保持"中华文明有机体"的生存和发展发挥了不可替代的作用。目前中国北方地区仍然具有重要的地缘战略价值。根据"国家有机体"理论的基本内核,借鉴亚洲陆权博弈的历史经验,结合新形势和新条件来研究中国北方地缘形势,可以将它划分为五个相互交叉和包含的部分——核心地带、上游地带、四个走廊地带、七大要区和两大枢区。这五个部分有着不同的特点和战略价值,就目前的形势而言,东北要区和新疆要区在安全和发展上与中国的外向地缘政治和地缘经济形势存在着重大关联,它们的战略意义更为突出。  相似文献   

热带海洋珍珠贝类立克次体病研究 Ⅳ.组织细胞病理学研究   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

吴信忠  潘金培 《海洋学报》1999,21(2):93-98

类立克次体(RLO)对大珠母贝和合浦珠母贝具有强烈的致病性,引起基本一致的病理变化.在急性坏死破坏期内,RLO导致外套膜、鳃、消化管、肝胰腺、生殖腺腺管及全身血管内皮系统等多器官组织的变性坏死,使器官组织结构的完整性遭到破坏,破坏程度与RLO包涵体的数目密切相关,而细胞的破坏与细胞内RLO的生长发育及繁殖到大量数目密切相关.鉴于此,将RLO引起的珍珠贝病称为类立克次体病(RLO病).RLO病呈急性变质性炎症和慢性增生性炎症病理,在前者细胞呈现崩解性坏死、溶解性坏死和退变性坏死;在后者存在实质细胞增生和纤维母细胞增生为纤维细胞并形成纤维化.根据炎症病理的发展过程,RLO病可分为急性坏死破坏期和慢性增生修复期.  相似文献   

南海污损生物研究的现状及展望   总被引：10，自引：1，他引：10  

方芳  严涛 《热带海洋学报》2004,23(1):76-85

污损生物的研究包括生态学、附着机理和防除研究3个方面，其中生态学是基础，附着机理是核心，而防除研究则是解决生物污损问题的终极目标。回顾了中国南海多年来污损生物研究的发展历程，论述了该海区污损生物的主要生态特点，并从生态学角度、生物附着机理和防除手段的研究开发等方面探讨了下一阶段的研究重点和发展方向。  相似文献   

一种基于改进SIFT算法的遥感影像配准方法     

雷小群  李芳芳  肖本林 《测绘科学》2010,35(3):143-145

本文首先分析了传统SIFT算法在遥感影像配准应用中存在的不足,从特征点匹配精度上进行了改进。通过分析SIFT特征点匹配的主要误差来源,逐步消除可能误差,提取尽可能多且精准的匹配点对。接下来利用该匹配点对作为配准用控制点对,分别对不同时相、不同分辨率遥感影像进行仿射变换和小面元微分纠正配准。最后与传统SIFT算法进行比较,试验结果表明本文算法具有更高的匹配精度。  相似文献   

APPLICATION OF CLAYS TO REMOVAL OF RED TIDE ORGANISMS Ⅰ.COAGULATION OF RED TIDE ORGANISMS WITH CLAYS   总被引：26，自引：1，他引：26  

俞志明  邹景忠  马锡年 《中国海洋湖沼学报》1994,12(3):193-200

Coagulation of red tide organism cells with clays is discussed in theory and the effects of some fac-tors on it are studied.A quantitative model is presented which describes how the coagulation varies withpH in solution.According to the model,within the pH-range between pH_(zpc_a)and pH_(zpc_b),V_R is negativeand the coagulation is strong and strongest at pH=(pH_(zpc_a)+pH_(zpc_b))/2.It is also demonstrated that whenthe diameter of clay particles is close to that of cells,the collision probability is low,resulting in weakercoagulation.The model results have been corroborated by experiments and so are scientific and theoreticalbases for application.  相似文献   

Urban stormwater quality I. Hillcrest,Hamilton, New Zealand     

R. B. Williamson 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(3):413-427

Water quality parameters associated with siltation (non‐volatile and volatile suspended solids), oxygen depletion (chemical and biochemical oxygen demand), nutrient enrichment (N, P), toxicity (Pb, Zn, Cu, Cr, Ni, Cd), and human pathogenic micro‐organisms (coliforms, faecal coliforms, faecal streptococci) were measured in baseflow and stormflow from a residential catchment in Hamilton, New Zealand, from November 1979 to December 1981. A macro‐invertebrate survey was conducted. All parameters, except nitrogen, were predominantly associated with particulate material, and closely followed suspended solids behaviour during storm runoff. The concentrations of these particulate parameters are linearly related to suspended solid concentrations, which implies a reasonable consistency in the particulate source material, probably attributable to the uniform stable land use. The runoff was enriched with nitrate (from septic tank seepage) and the particles by Zn, Pb, and Cu. There was little or no enrichment of the particulates with phosphorus, nitrogen, organic matter, Cr, or Ni relative to catchment soils. Ni, Cr, and Cd were generally below detection limits. Dissolved reactive phosphorus and NH₄ ⁺‐N levels were low and unimportant in total P or N leaving the catchment. Most organic matter was particulate and only slowly degraded, and consequently the biological oxygen demand was only a small fraction (c. 13%) of chemical oxygen demand. Interpretation of the water quality data allows some tentative predictions to be made of potential receiving water impacts. It is doubtful that urban runoff will cause significant oxygen depletion, although the high level of organic‐rich particulate material could lead to a deterioration of receiving water sediments and affect benthic invertebrates. Urban runoff may be an important source of nutrients, but (apart from nitrate) its importance depends on the amount of suspended material in the runoff rather than increased input of nutrients from urban‐related activities. Bacterial counts indicate a poor water quality. The impact of metals will depend largely on the bioavailability of the particulate‐bound fraction. The key to the understanding of transport, treatment, and impact of most potential pollutants in urban runoff is probably their association with particulate materials.  相似文献   

Estimation of enterococci input from bathers and animals on a recreational beach using camera images     

John D. Wang  Helena M. Solo-Gabriele  Amir M. Abdelzaher  Lora E. Fleming 《Marine pollution bulletin》2010,60(8):1270-6769

Enterococci, are used nationwide as a water quality indicator of marine recreational beaches. Prior research has demonstrated that enterococci inputs to the study beach site (located in Miami, FL) are dominated by non-point sources (including humans and animals). We have estimated their respective source functions by developing a counting methodology for individuals to better understand their non-point source load impacts. The method utilizes camera images of the beach taken at regular time intervals to determine the number of people and animal visitors. The developed method translates raw image counts for week days and weekend days into daily and monthly visitation rates. Enterococci source functions were computed from the observed number of unique individuals for average days of each month of the year, and from average load contributions for humans and for animals. Results indicate that dogs represent the larger source of enterococci relative to humans and birds.  相似文献   

低温成矿系列中生物有机质的矿床学意义   总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

胡明安 《地球科学》2000,25(4):375-379

在低温热液型矿床的形成过程中, 生物和有机质发挥了重要的成矿作用.这种作用可以归纳为直接和间接两种.生物及有机质直接参与成矿作用的意义在于: 在沉积岩主岩的同生沉积阶段形成矿源层, 在成矿物质活化迁移过程中形成含矿流体, 在成矿元素的沉淀阶段富集形成矿床; 生物及有机质间接成矿意义是指有机质的成熟演变作用及其产物可以揭示成矿过程, 反映低温热液成矿机理和成矿条件.   相似文献