科尔沁沙地2种优势固沙灌木的相容性生物量模型   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

黑维高  詹瑾  韩丹  杨红玲  李玉霖 《中国沙漠》2019,39(5):193-199

基于现有的灌木生物量模型存在各组分与总量不相容问题,以半干旱区科尔沁沙地2种优势固沙灌木小叶锦鸡儿（Caragana microphylla）和黄柳（Salix gordejevii）为对象,通过对大样本的相关形态指标及生物量实测数据进行非线性回归和非线性误差变量联立方程组的计算,建立了2种灌木叶片、新枝、老枝和地上生物量的独立模型及与各组分相容的生物量模型,并通过决定系数R²、估计值的标准差SEE、总相对误差TRE、平均系统误差MSE（ASE）、平均预估误差MPE和平均百分标准误差MPSE对模型进行评价。结果表明：非线性加权回归使得两种灌木各组分的独立模型拟合效果优化,而生物量相容模型与独立模型相比,由于抽样误差的存在拟合效果不佳,相关评价指标较低。  相似文献   

Population growth and sustainability of common property resource management systems in the eastern Hindu Kush: The use of communal fodder resources in Mehlp Valley, North Pakistan     

Fazlur-Rahman 《山地科学学报》2009,6(4):380-393

In common property studies, increasing number of users has been considered as a major threat for the long-term sustainability of natural resources. This perception has been true in a few cases. However, the 40-years empirical research conducted in a variety of environmental settings, reveals that population pressure is not the only factor responsible for the degradation of natural resources. In remote areas, where the local inhabitants highly depend on available natural resources for subsistence livelihood, the economically important resources are kept under different ownership regimes. The local inhabitants have established autochthonous institutions, and formulated rules and regulations for proper management of these resources. In this paper an attempt has been made to explore the response of a small fodder user community to the increasing population. For this purpose a micro-level study has been conducted in a remote mountain environment in the eastern Hindu Kush. For this research, data has been collected through fieldwork and focus group discussion. The results of this study reveal that fodder user communities have responded very well to the problem of population pressure. To maintain equity and long-term sustainability they have adopted a number of strategies including changing the ownership, and a resource kept under private ownership at the time of low population has been changed to a common property with increase in population. Based on this study it can be concluded that in mountainous areas and fragile environment the local inhabitant have both the capacity and capability to change their behaviour with regard to changing resource productivity as well as increasing number of users, and this situation does not always lead to the tragedy of commons.  相似文献   

植酸对牙鲆生长和消化酶活性的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

蔡英华  麦康森  艾庆辉  张文兵  刘付志国  谭北平  陈伟 《海洋科学》2009,33(11):82-89

以鱼粉为主要蛋白源,在基础饲料中分别添加不同含量的植酸纳使植酸水平分别达到0.04%(对照组)、0.21%、0.44%和0.81%,研究不同含量植酸对牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)(2.58 g±0.01 g)摄食、生长和消化酶活性的影响.实验在室内循环水养殖系统中进行,为期10周.结果表明,植酸处理组牙鲆摄食率(2.4%、2.5%和2.4%)显著高于对照组(2.1%)(P＜0.05),但植酸处理组之间差异不显著(P＞0.05).植酸处理组(59.47、61.27和64.82 U/mg蛋白)胃蛋白酶比活力显著低于对照组(79.34 U/mg蛋白),但植酸处理组之间差异不显著.各处理组之间牙鲆肝脏、肠和胃中淀粉酶比活力及肝脏和肠中蛋白酶比活力均无显著差异.随着饲料中植酸含量的增加,干物质和蛋白质表观消化率显著下降.同时,牙鲆特定生长率、饲料转化率、蛋白质效率和净蛋白质利用率随着饲料中植酸含量的升高均呈下降趋势,其中各处理组之间牙鲆特定生长率无显著差异,而植酸处理组饲料转化率(74.0%、73.7%和69.2%)则显著低于对照组(84.0%),0.81%植酸处理组蛋白质效率(1.37)和净蛋白质利用率(25.0%)显著低于对照组(1.64和30.6%).本实验结果表明,随着饲料中植酸含量的增加,牙鲆生长性能和胃蛋白酶比活力呈下降趋势.植酸对牙鲆生长的抑制作用将随着其含量的升高或实验周期的延长突现出来.  相似文献   

温度对奥尼罗非鱼仔稚鱼生长、饲料利用和消化酶活力的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王辉  强俊  李瑞伟 《广东海洋大学学报》2008,28(6)

研究了温度22、25、28、31和34℃下奥尼罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus×O.aureus)仔稚鱼生长、饲料利用和消化酶活力。结果表明:1)不同温度对奥尼罗非鱼仔稚鱼生长有显著影响(P<0.05),温度为31℃时,仔稚鱼生长速度和绝对增重率最高,分别为0.08cm/d和0.035g/d;温度为22℃时最低,仅0.06cm/d和0.020g/d。2)饲料系数在28℃时最低,仅1.90;22和34℃时较高,达2.14和2.17,各组差异显著(P<0.05)。3)在仔稚鱼发育和存活率上,当温度在22～34℃时,温度越高,仔稚鱼发育越好;各组仔稚鱼的存活率介于93.7%～94.7%,差异不显著(P>0.05)。4)在消化酶活力上,胃蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶和淀粉酶活力随温度升高而升高,均在34℃时活力最高;脂肪酶活力在31℃时达到最高,22℃时活力最低。  相似文献   

东北黑土漫岗区长坡面坡耕地侵蚀产沙沿程变化   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

崔明  蔡强国  朱阿兴  范昊明 《地理学报(英文版)》2007,17(3):375-383

Characteristics of soil erosion change along a long slope in the gentle hilly areas in black soil region in Northeast China are discussed. A simplified slope model based on seg-ments was used to analyze the runoff data and soil erosion data observed between 2003 and 2004 over 10 field plots with different slope length in Heshan Farm,Heilongjiang Province. We found that soil erosion rate over long slopes in the black soil region changed alternatively along the slope and creates alternative zones of intensive erosion and week erosion.The exact place of each zone is different for different rainfall conditions. In a year with less and mild precipitation,rill cannot happen within the top 50 m,while in a year with large and inten-sive precipitation,rill can be formed starting even at 15 m from the top of the slope.  相似文献   

连翘适宜气候条件与高产栽培技术     

陈明彬  王俊  吴顺琴  吴安民 《陕西气象》2008,(2):38-39

连翘又名落壳连翘,青翘,为木樨科落叶灌木,是我国传统常用名贵中药材,也是商洛“地道中药材”,以果实入药,被称为“疮家圣药”,具有清热解毒、消肿散结、抗菌、抗炎、解热、镇吐、利尿强心、抗肝损、镇痛、抗内毒素、抗病毒、降血压等功效。连翘是喜温凉,能耐寒、旱,耐脊薄的植物,适应性较强,分布在海拔800-2000m的半阴山坡或向阳山坡的疏灌木丛中,对土质要求不严,富含腐殖质的沙质壤土对生长有利,进入盛果期年产果实4500～6000kg／hm^2,收入可达2．2～3．0万元／hm^2。  相似文献   

饲料中添加还原型谷胱甘肽对牙鲆生长和抗氧化能力的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王芳倩  张文兵  麦康森  徐玮  王小洁  刘付志国 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2011,41(4):51-56

以酪蛋白、明胶为主要蛋白源配制精制基础饲料,添加不同浓度梯度的还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH),饲料中GSH的含量分别为0、97.96、189.92、371.84、688.72和1 063.56 mg.kg-1,在流水式养殖系统中分别投喂初始体质量为(9.49±0.22)g的牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)幼鱼,8周后观测各组牙鲆的生长情况及机体的抗氧化状态。结果表明,饲料中添加外源的GSH对牙鲆成活率没有显著影响(P>0.05);牙鲆增重率(WGR)在饲料GSH含量为371.84 mg.kg-1时达到最大值,显著高于其它各组(P<0.05);饲料GSH添加组牙鲆肝脏中GSH的含量显著高于零添加组(P<0.05);各处理组肝脏中丙二醛(MDA)的含量没有显著差异(P>0.05);肝脏中谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)的活力随饲料中GSH含量的升高呈现先降低后上升的趋势,并在饲料中GSH含量为371.84 mg.kg-1时达到最低值;肝脏中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPx)活力没有受到饲料中GSH含量的显著影响(P>0.05);饲料中GSH含量为371.84 mg.kg-1时,肝脏中总抗氧化力(T-AOC)显著高于1 063.56 mg.kg-1组(P<0.05),谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶(GST)活力显著低于其它各组(P<0.05)。根据WGR的实验数据,利用折线模型得到牙鲆幼鱼饲料中GSH的适宜含量为368.92 mg.kg-1,过高或过低都会对生长造成负面影响,抑制机体抗氧化能力,增加机体氧化压力。  相似文献   

论发展吉林农业地质的前景     

郝福江  李方正 《吉林地质》1991,10(3):42-50

吉林是全国产粮省之一,又有较好的基础地质工作,有较多的非金属矿产资源,因此具有广阔的农业背景地质、非传统性矿产肥料,土壤改良资源和矿物饲料资源。  相似文献   

我国矿物饲料添加剂资源利用雏议     

张民堂 《化工地质》1989,(2):124-127

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宁夏农业地质研究现状及建议     

张寿岭 《西北地质》1993,14(3):40-43

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