一次秋季冷锋降水过程气溶胶与云粒子分布的飞机观测   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

居丽玲  牛生杰  段英 《南京气象学院学报》2011,34(6):697-707

利用机载PMS（Particle Measuring Systems）测量系统,对2008年10月4—5日石家庄地区一次冷锋降水云系的3次气溶胶和云粒子探测资料进行了分析。结果表明,冷锋过境降水前后,气溶胶粒子分布差异较大。降水发生前,气溶胶粒子平均数浓度约为103cm-3,平均直径为0.95μm;气溶胶主要集中于3000m高度以下的对流层低层,云内气溶胶数浓度明显减少。降水发生后,气溶胶粒子平均数浓度约为102cm-3,比降水前约小1个量级,平均直径为1.28μm;气溶胶主要集中于1200m以下的近地面层,其数浓度随高度增加而降低。气溶胶粒子浓度在低层云区内水平变化较小,而在无云区和云下近地层水平起伏较大。云粒子平均浓度比气溶胶小1～2个量级。气溶胶粒子平均谱主要呈双峰型,而云粒子谱主要为单峰型。  相似文献   

利用MODIS可见光波段反演陆地气溶胶光学厚度     

郭强  唐家奎  何文通  田媛  于新菊 《地理与地理信息科学》2015,31(2):38-43,127

利用Herold等建立的地表反射率库及MODIS遥感影像研究城市区和非城市区典型地物在可见光红蓝波段地表反射率的比值特性。在此基础上,利用MODIS 1km分辨率遥感影像红蓝可见光波段实现了气溶胶光学厚度的反演,采用卫星过境时间前后半小时北京和香河AERONET站的气溶胶光学厚度观测平均值作为验证参考。结果显示,66.67%的反演结果处于±0.05±0.15τ的误差界限内,反演算法不受地表反射率的限制,而且只利用了可见光红蓝波段,避免缺少近红外波段数据的限制。  相似文献   

基于遥感的上海地区雾霾监测研究     

戴羊羊  李成范  周时强  赵俊娟  尹京苑 《测绘工程》2015,(12):29-32

以中分辨率成像光谱仪(MODIS)遥感数据为数据源,综合利用6S传输模型与NASA V5.2算法对2013年12月4日至8日上海地区雾霾污染进行了连续性监测,并对其形成原因进行分析。结果表明,此次雾霾污染主要是由本地生产和外地迁移来源共同作用形成,上海地区气溶胶光学厚度在12月6日达到最大,雾霾污染区域逐渐从上海地区的西北向东南扩散,污染等级也逐渐降低。  相似文献   

北京、郑州和深圳三城市空气中气溶胶单颗粒特征的扫描电镜分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

赵承美  邵龙义  侯聪  幸娇萍  胡颖  王文华 《岩石矿物学杂志》2015,34(6):925-931

分别采集北京、深圳和郑州3个城市气溶胶样品,使用场发射扫锚电镜-能谱仪观察气溶胶单颗粒的显微形貌和元素组成,并利用图像分析系统对PM2.5的粒径进行了分析。结果表明,城市气溶胶单颗粒类型以矿物颗粒、烟尘和球形颗粒(飞灰和二次粒子)为主。对比3个城市气溶胶中不同颗粒类型数量百分比发现,矿物颗粒数量最多的城市是北京,飞灰和烟尘数量最多的城市是郑州,而规则矿物颗粒数量最多的城市是深圳。3个城市气溶胶单颗粒的数量-粒径分布均呈单峰分布。深圳气溶胶中颗粒物的粒径相对较小,其次为郑州、北京。3个城市气溶胶中颗粒物来源不同程度上都受到交通污染源影响,而燃煤源对北京和郑州气溶胶中颗粒物来源影响仍然不容忽视。  相似文献   

大气污染物排放量与颗粒物环境空气质量的空间非协同耦合研究——以武汉市为例     

张金亭  赵玉丹  田扬戈  何青青  庄艳华  彭韵羲  洪松 《地理科学进展》2019,38(4):612-624

针对区域大气污染物排放量与空气质量在时空分布上存在不完全协同、匹配的现象,论文选择SO₂、NO_X、PM_2.5、CO和VOCs作为大气污染物指标,选择气溶胶光学厚度(Aerosol Optical Depth, AOD)表征颗粒物环境空气质量,以武汉市为例,综合应用耦合模型和空间错位指数模型研究2类指标之间的空间非协同耦合规律。主要结论如下：① 武汉市大气污染物排放量与颗粒物空气质量具有不同空间分布特征,大气污染物排放量呈现由城市中心城区向远城区递减的趋势,其中SO₂、PM_2.5和VOCs的排放具有明显的中心聚集现象,而NO_X和CO聚集现象不显著,且与道路分布明显相关;AOD分布具有明显的空间差异性,总体上呈由西北向东南依次递减的趋势。② 武汉市大气污染物排放与颗粒物空气质量的空间非协同耦合规律：越靠近城市中心城区,空间协同耦合现象越显著,空间错位现象越弱;越远离主城区,空间非协同耦合现象越显著,空间错位现象越显著;SO₂排放量与AOD在武汉市远城区的空间错位指数均大于0.7,且耦合度指数小于0.3,呈现较强的非协同耦合特征,NO_X、VOCs、PM_2.5的排放量与AOD在武汉中心城区的空间错位指数均小于0.5,且耦合度指数大于0.5,协同耦合现象较为显著。③ 基于时空非协同耦合分析城市大气环境污染治理建议：针对污染物与AOD空间错位不显著的城市中心城区,以本地减排治理为主;针对污染物与AOD空间错位显著的远城区,应在污染溯源分析的基础上进行区域协调综合治理。  相似文献   

Simulation and Validation of the Aerosol Optical Thicknessover China in 2006     

ZHANG Hu  ZHANG Min  CUI Zhenlei  WANG Yuesi  XIN Jinyuan 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2012,26(3):330-344

  相似文献   

Study of Distinctive Regional Features of Surface Solar Radiation in North and East China          下载免费PDF全文

GUAN Fulai  ZHENG Youfei  CAI Ziying  YU Changwen  ZHANG Nan 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2011,25(4):494-505

Solar radiation is an important energy source for plants on the earth and also a major component of the global energy balance.Variations in solar radiation incident at the earth's surface profoundly affect the human and terrestrial environment,including the climate change.To provide useful information for predicting the future climate change in China,distinctive regional features in spatial and temporal variations of the surface solar radiation (SSR) and corresponding attributions (such as cloud and aerosol) are analyzed based on SSR observations and other meteorological measurements in North and East China from 1961 to 2007.Multiple models,such as the plane-parallel radiative transfer model,empirical and statistical models,and corrclation and regrcssion analysis methods are used in the study.The results are given as follows.(1) During 1961-2007,the total SSR in North China went through a process from quickly “dimming” to slowly “dimming”,while in East China,a significant transition from “dimming” to “brightening” occurred.Although there are some differences between thc two regional variation trends,long-term variations in SSR in the two regions are basically consistent with the observation worldwide.(2) Between the 1960s and 1980s,in both North and East China,aerosols played a critical rolc in the radiation dimming.However,after 1989,different variation trends of SSR occurred in North and East China,indicating that aerosols were not the dominant factor.(3) Cloud cover contributed less to the variation of SSR in North China,but was thc major attribution in East China and played a promoting role in the reversal of SSR from dimming to brightening,especially in the “remarkable brightening” period,with its contribution as high as 70％.  相似文献   

长江三角洲地区大气气溶胶柱单次散射反照率特性研究     

张小林  许梦婕 《南京气象学院学报》2021,13(2):252-256

利用OMI卫星资料2006—2017年的483.5 nm波长的气溶胶柱单次散射反照率日均数据,分析了整层大气气溶胶单次散射反照率在长三角地区的时空分布特征,特别是其年际、月、季节变化特征.长江三角洲地区的大气气溶胶柱单次散射反照率越靠近海洋越大,而越靠近内陆越小.日均气溶胶柱单次散射反照率在0.881~0.971范围内变化,多年的平均值为0.939±0.024,最大分布概率出现在0.965~0.970区间,其值约为25％.长三角地区大气气溶胶柱单次散射反照率的年平均值集中于0.938~0.940之间,年际变化很小,变化值小于1％;月均柱单次散射反照率在6、8、9月有最大值,其值为0.968,而在2月有最小值,其值为0.915;季节平均单次散射反照率在夏季最大,其值为0.968,而在冬季最小,其值为0.919.  相似文献   

Impacts of Aerosol-Radiation Interactions on the Wintertime Particulate Pollution under Different Synoptic Patterns in the Guanzhong Basin,China     

Naifang BEI  Xia LI  Qiyuan WANG  Suixin LIU  Jiarui WU  Jiayi LIANG  Lang LIU  Ruonan WANG  Guohui LI 《大气科学进展》2021,38(7):1141-1152

The effects of aerosol–radiation interactions(ARI) are not only important for regional and global climate, but they can also drive particulate matter(PM) pollution. In this study, the ARI contribution to the near-surface fine PM(PM2.5)concentrations in the Guanzhong Basin(GZB) is evaluated under four unfavorable synoptic patterns, including "northlow", "transition", "southeast-trough", and "inland-high", based on WRF-Chem model simulations of a persistent heavy PM pollution episode in January 2019. Simulations show that ARI consistently decreases both solar radiation reaching down to the surface(SWDOWN) and surface temperature(TSFC), which then reduces wind speed, induces sinking motion,and influences cloud formation in the GZB. However, large differences under the four synoptic patterns still exist. The average reductions of SWDOWN and daytime TSFC in the GZB range from 15.2% and 1.04°C in the case of the"transition" pattern to 26.7% and 1.69°C in the case of the "north-low" pattern, respectively. Furthermore, ARI suppresses the development of the planetary boundary layer(PBL), with the decrease of PBL height(PBLH) varying from 18.7% in the case of the "transition" pattern to 32.0% in the case of the "north-low" pattern. The increase of daytime near-surface PM2.5 in the GZB due to ARI is 12.0%, 8.1%, 9.5%, and 9.7% under the four synoptic patterns, respectively. Ensemble analyses also reveal that when near-surface PM2.5 concentrations are low, ARI tends to lower PM2.5 concentrations with decreased PBLH, which is caused by enhanced divergence or a transition from divergence to convergence in an area. ARI contributes 15%–25% toward the near-surface PM2.5 concentrations during the severe PM pollution period under the four synoptic patterns.  相似文献   

Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation Interactions in a Closed-cell and Non-homogenous MBL Stratocumulus Cloud     

Xiaojian ZHENG  Xiquan DONG  Dale M. WARD  Baike XI  Peng WU  Yuan WANG 《大气科学进展》2022,39(12):2107-2123

A closed-cell marine stratocumulus case during the Aerosol and Cloud Experiments in the Eastern North Atlantic (ACE-ENA) aircraft field campaign is selected to examine the heterogeneities of cloud and drizzle microphysical properties and the aerosol-cloud-precipitation interactions. The spatial and vertical variabilities of cloud and drizzle microphysics are found in two different sets of flight legs: Leg-1 and Leg-2, which are parallel and perpendicular to the cloud propagation, respectively. The cloud along Leg-2 was close to adiabatic, where cloud-droplet effective radius and liquid water content linearly increase from cloud base to cloud top with less drizzle. The cloud along Leg-1 was sub-adiabatic with lower cloud-droplet number concentration and larger cloud-droplet effective, but higher drizzle droplet number concentration, larger drizzle droplet median diameter and drizzle liquid water content. The heavier drizzle frequency and intensity on Leg-1 were enhanced by the collision-coalescence processes within cloud due to strong turbulence. The sub-cloud precipitation rate on Leg-1 was significantly higher than that along Leg-2. As a result, the sub-cloud accumulation mode aerosols and CCN on Leg-1 were depleted, but the coarse model aerosols increased. This further leads to a counter-intuitive phenomenon that the CCN is less than cloud-droplet number concentration for Leg-1. The average CCN loss rates are ?3.89 \begin{document}$\mathrm{c}{\mathrm{m}}^{-3}\;{\mathrm{h}}^{-1}$\end{document} and ?0.77 \begin{document}$\mathrm{c}{\mathrm{m}}^{-3}\;{\mathrm{h}}^{-1}$\end{document} on Leg-1 and Leg-2, respectively. The cloud and drizzle heterogeneities inside the same stratocumulus can significantly alter the sub-cloud aerosols and CCN budget. Hence it should be treated with caution in the aircraft assessment of aerosol-cloud-precipitation interactions.  相似文献