地外有机化合物   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨晶  林杨挺  欧阳自远 《地学前缘》2014,21(6):165-187

球粒陨石中的有机化合物起源于星际介质,是构成太阳星云的初始组分,并与其他物质一起吸积形成小行星和行星。在小行星内,有机质经历了不同程度的水蚀变和热变质作用。球粒陨石中的有机化合物尽管是非生命成因,但组成极为复杂,主要是类似于干酪根的大分子物质,以及少量可溶性有机物。大部分可溶有机分子也发现于地球生物圈,但前者可具有完全不同的H、C、N等同位素组成,这也是它们来源于地球之外的重要证据。星云中宇宙线和紫外线（UV）的辐射、小行星的热变质和水蚀变,是地外有机质演化的主要过程。球粒陨石中的有机质是地球生命起源的物质基础,是生命起源不可或缺的重要环节。同样重要的是,大量的火星探测表明,火星历史上有过满足生命存在的基本条件,而在火星陨石中还发现了一些生物活动相关的线索。未来很可能首先在火星上发现地外生命存在的证据。  相似文献   

应用光学方法恢复过成熟干酪根原始母质类型     

肖贤明  金奎励 《现代地质》1990,4(4):89-95

显微组分在热演化过程中伴随油气生成,其光学性质亦相应发生有规律的变化,其改变程度取决于其原始富氢程度。到过成熟阶段,各种类型干酪根地化特征渐趋一致,伹在光性上仍存在明显区别。本文详细研究了不同类型干酪根天然演化系列与不同显微组分热模拟产物的光学特征,系统地总结了显微组分在热成熟过程中光性演变规律,应用热模拟实验定量研究了它们在不同成熟度体积的减量。在此基础上推导出了恢复不同类型显微组分在低成熟阶段原始百分含量的计算公式。通过对典型实例的剖析,证实本方法的可靠性。笔者认为本文为解决过成熟生油岩的油气评价提供了新思路。  相似文献   

Gas-generation potential of shales in small and medium-sized basins: a case study from the Xuanhua Basin,north China     

J. L. Liu  Z. Li  M. H. Chang  S. Wang  L. Chen 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2020,67(3):411-424

Abstract

Small- and medium-sized basins are widely distributed, and some contain commercial gas reservoirs demonstrating their gas-generation potential. The Xuanhua Basin, which is a small-sized coal-bearing basin in north China, includes a promising target for shale-gas exploration in the Xiahuayuan Formation. In this study, we used this basin as a case study to assess the critical geochemical features for small or medium-sized basins to form commercial gas reservoirs. Total organic carbon (TOC) analysis, Rock-Eval pyrolysis, microscopic observation of macerals, vitrinite reflectance measurement and kerogen stable carbon isotope analysis were performed to characterise the organic geochemistry of the Xiahuayuan shales. The original total organic carbon (TOC_o) content and hydrocarbon-generative potential (S_2o) were reconstructed to further evaluate the gas-generation potential of these shales. In addition, geochemical data of shales from other similar-sized basins with gas discoveries were compared. The results showed that the kerogen from the Xiahuayuan Formation is Type III (gas-prone), and macerals are dominated by vitrinite. TOC values showed a strong heterogeneity in the vertical profiles, with most higher than 1.5?wt%. The measured R_o values ranged from 1.4 to 2.0%. However, thermal maturity was not correlated with the present-day burial depth with higher maturity in the wells closest to the diabase intrusion centre. The remaining generation potential (S₂) averaged 0.91?mg HC/g rock, equal to 1.4?cm³ CH₄/g rock, and the average amount of hydrocarbon generated was 4.33?cm³ CH₄/g rock. In small and medium-sized basins, the TOC content of commercially developed gas shales ranged from 0.5 to 2.5?wt%, organic matter was mainly humic (gas-prone), and the burial depth was generally shallow. Biogenic gas reservoirs for commercial exploitation tend to have larger shale thicknesses (120–800?m) than thermogenic gas reservoirs (60–90?m).

1. The Xiahuayuan Formation is a good gas-source rock with gas-prone kerogen type, relatively high TOC values and moderate thermal maturity.

2. The average amount of hydrocarbon generated from the Xiahuayuan shales is about 4.33?cm³ CH₄/g rock, indicating a potential to form a shale gas reservoir.

3. Owing to the influence of diabase intrusions, the Xiahuayuan shales have entered the dry gas window at relatively shallow-buried depths.

4. Small- and medium-sized basins have the potential to generate commercial gas reservoirs with the generated volume mainly a product of the thickness and maturity of black shales.

  相似文献   

四川盆地龙潭组高热演化烃源岩有机质生源及沉积环境探讨   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

朱扬明  顾圣啸  李颖  郝芳  邹华耀  郭彤楼 《地球化学》2012,(1):35-44

四川盆地龙潭组烃源岩R°值主要变化在2.0％～3.0％范围,干酪根H/C原子比值多数集中在0.3～0.5之间,有机质热演化达到过成熟阶段.它们的各类饱和烃生物标志物组成和分布大都发生了异常变化,限制了其地球化学应用.其芳烃组分和干酪根碳同位素及S、N元素组成还包含着标志有机质生源及沉积环境的信息.川东南地区近海湖沼相含...  相似文献   

藏北羌塘盆地胜利河油页岩干酪根特征及碳同位素指示意义   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

付修根  王剑  汪正江  何江林 《地球学报》2009,30(5):643-650

胜利河油页岩位于北羌塘盆地南部, 走向长超过34 km, 宽9 km。笔者对该油页岩各岩系干酪根进行了分离、镜鉴、元素分析和碳同位素分析, 结果表明, 该油页岩干酪根为Ⅱ型干酪根, 油页岩中干酪根含量较高, 介于15.79%~20.37%, 具有富氢少氧的特征, 其H/C和O/C比率分别为1.11~1.19和0.08~0.25, 为胜利河地区非常好的烃源岩。油页岩层干酪根13C相对富集, 具有相对较高的δ13CPDB值(-20.79‰~ -21.78‰), 与胜利河地区油页岩母源为较单一的藻类有关。藻类的大量繁殖造成了该类生物死亡埋藏速率远大于氧化速率, 在还原环境下大部分藻类还未被氧化就被埋藏, 从而保留了原始藻类略富13C的特征。胜利河油页岩的空间展布以及规模明显受古泻湖环境的控制。  相似文献   

Oxidant-elemental sulfur as an effective promoter for transformation of organic matter to hydrocarbons at moderate-low temperatures   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

雷天柱张更新  邱军利夏燕青 南青去 《中国地球化学学报》2005,24(3):265-272

Elemental sulfur is widely dispersed in the hydrocarbon source rocks and its depositional environment is usually thought as a reducing environment. The presence or absence of free oxygen is a key to identify oxidizing or reducing environment. But elemental sulfur is often present as an oxidant in this environment. When elemental sulfur meets with organic matter, redox reaction will occur. In our simulation experiments at 200 -400℃ , the existence of elemental sulfur can sharply increase the amounts of hydrocarbons, hence leading to the production of immature or low-mature oils and natural gases. At the temperature of 300℃ , the addition of elemental sulfur will further enhance the relative yields of hydrocarbons,and the final yield of total extracts and gaseous hydrocarbons of similitude kerogens by more than 463% and 2760% , respectively, while those of oil shales are increased by about 71% and 2044% , respectively. But at the temperature of 450℃, elemental sulfur plays a negative role in liquid hydrocarbon formation. The presence of elemental sulfur is probably a key factor in the gypsolyte environment leading to the formation of immature or low-mature oils, as well as the coexistence of immature or low-mature oils and natural gases.  相似文献   

华北北部前寒武纪有机质碳同位素组成特征及其地球化学意义   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

王杰  陈践发 《矿物岩石》2004,24(1):83-87

华北北部中、上元古界岩样干酪根碳同位素组成在-35‰～-26‰之间,前人研究表明,腐泥型干酪根相对富集^12C(δ^13C小于-28‰)。所以,研究区源岩干酪根类型为腐泥型和腐殖-腐泥型。经研究发现研究区泥质岩比碳酸盐岩更富集轻碳同位素,下马岭组有机碳同位素组成也比其它层位轻。长城系串岭沟组、团山子组到大红峪组干酪根碳同位素组成特征与地质历史表现出的随地史的发展变重的趋势相符。但到了高于庄组,碳同位素组成陡然变轻,然后从高于庄组到蓟县系雾迷山组,其干酪根碳同位素组成又变重。而从蓟县系雾迷山组到青白口系下马岭组干酪根碳同位素组成,随着地史的发展,有变轻的反常趋势。  相似文献   

Kinetic simulating experiment on the secondary hydrocarbon generation of kerogen   总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8  

XIONG Yongqiang  GENG Ansong  WANG Yunpeng  LIU Dehan  JIA Rongfen  SHEN Jiagui  XIAO Xianming 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2002,45(1):13-20

The kinetic parameters of generation have been obtained for different hydrocarbon classes, including methane, C₂-C₅ gas hydrocarbons, C₆-C₁₃ light hydrocarbons and C₁₃₊ heavy hydrocarbons, and vitrinite reflectance (R°) by the kinetic simulating experiment of kerogen cracking. Then, combined with the detailed geology of Sichuan Basin, the effective gas-generating intensity of the Lower Cambrian source rock is approximately estimated by applying these parameters.  相似文献   

库捷尔太铀矿床干酪根特征研究     

李满根  周文斌  张展适  施小平 《华东地质学院学报》2002,25(3):181-186

在研究砂岩型铀矿床时，可以发现铀与有机质之间有着密切的关系。本文以伊犁盆地库捷尔太铀矿床为例，介绍了该矿床的基本特征，研究了该矿床中干酪根的主要组分、反射率、热解色谱分析等特征。认为研究区含矿岩系中有的有机质属中间过渡型，其原始母质为陆生高等植物，为判别有机质与铀成矿之间的关系提供了重要信息。  相似文献   

Source rock potential (TOC + hydrogen index) evaluation by integrating well log and geochemical data   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Thomas A. Schwarzkopf   《Organic Geochemistry》1992,19(4-6)

Evaluation of source rock potential using well log data alone, e.g. density or sonic log, is limited to the assessment of total organic carbon (TOC) content. Well logs that directly measure the most important source quality parameter, the hydrogen content of the kerogen, do not exist. Therefore, a method is proposed that combines log-derived TOC data with calibration schemes relating TOC content to Hydrogen Index and maturity for individual source rock sets. The method has been applied to the compositionally heterogeneous Kimmeridge Clay Formation of the North Sea and the homogeneous Lower Toarcian Shale of N.-Germany. The combination of well log and geochemical data greatly improves the accuracy with which the lateral and vertical distribution of source rocks and their potential can be predicted on a basin and prospect level.  相似文献