A sequential sparse polynomial chaos expansion using Bayesian regression for geotechnical reliability estimations     

Qiujing Pan  Xingru Qu  Leilei Liu  Daniel Dias 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2020,44(6):874-889

Polynomial chaos expansions (PCEs) have been widely employed to estimate failure probabilities in geotechnical engineering. However, PCEs suffer from two deficiencies: (a) PCE coefficients are solved by the least-square minimization method which easily causes overfitting issues; (b) building a high order PCE is often computationally expensive. In order to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks, the Bayesian regression technique is employed to evaluate PCE coefficients, which not only provides a sparse solution but also avoids overfitting. With the aid of the predictive means and variances given by Bayesian analysis, a learning function is proposed to sequentially select the most informative samples that are critical to build a PCE. This sequential learning scheme can highly enhance the computational efficiency of PCEs. Besides, importance sampling (IS) is incorporated into the sequential learning (SL)-PCEs to deal with geotechnical problems with small failure probabilities. The proposed method of SL-PCE-IS is applied to three illustrative examples, which shows that the improved PCE method is more effective and efficient than the common PCEs method, leading to accurate estimations of small failure probabilities using fewer training samples.  相似文献   

Risk Analysis of Breakwater Caisson Under Wave Attack Using Load Surface Approximation     

Dong Hyawn KIM 《中国海洋工程》2014,(6):739-748

A new load surface based approach to the reliability analysis of caisson-type breakwater is proposed. Uncertainties of the horizontal and vertical wave loads acting on breakwater are considered by using the so-called load surfaces, which can be estimated as functions of wave height, water level, and so on. Then, the first-order reliability method（FORM） can be applied to determine the probability of failure under the wave action. In this way, the reliability analysis of breakwaters with uncertainties both in wave height and in water level is possible. Moreover, the uncertainty in wave breaking can be taken into account by considering a random variable for wave height ratio which relates the significant wave height to the maximum wave height. The proposed approach is applied numerically to the reliability analysis of caisson breakwater under wave attack that may undergo partial or full wave breaking.  相似文献   

Influence of length effect on embankment slope reliability in 3D          下载免费PDF全文

Michael A. Hicks  Yajun Li 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2018,42(7):891-915

Embankment slopes composed of spatially variable soils have a variety of different failure modes that are affected by the correlation distances of the material properties and the geometry and total length of the slope. This paper examines the reliability of soil slopes for embankments of different length and uses parallel computing to analyse very long embankments (up to 100 times the embankment height) for a clay soil characterised by a spatially varying undrained shear strength. Based on a series of analyses using the 3D random finite element method (RFEM), it is first shown that the reliability of slopes of various length can be efficiently computed by combining simple probability theory with a detailed 3D RFEM analysis of a representative shorter slope of length 10 times the slope height. RFEM predictions of reliability indices for longer slopes are then compared with results obtained using Vanmarcke's (1977a) simplified 3D method and Calle's (1985) extended 2D approach. It is shown that these methods can give significantly different results, depending on the horizontal scale of fluctuation relative to the slope length, with RFEM predicting a lower slope reliability than the Vanmarcke and Calle solutions in all cases. The differences in the solutions are evaluated and attributed to differences in the assumed and computed failure surface geometries.  相似文献   

System Reliability Analysis of an Offshore Jacket Platform     

ZHAO Yuliang  DONG Sheng  JIANG Fengyuan  GUEDES SOARES Carlos 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2020,19(1):47-59

This study investigates strategies for solving the system reliability of large three-dimensional jacket structures.These structural systems normally fail as a result of a series of different components failures.The failure characteristics are investigated under various environmental conditions and direction combinations.Theβ-unzipping technique is adopted to determine critical failure components,and the entire system is simplified as a series-parallel system to approximately evaluate the structural system reliability.However,this approach needs excessive computational effort for searching failure components and failure paths.Based on a trained artificial neural network(ANN),which can be used to approximate the implicit limit-state function of a complicated structure,a new alternative procedure is proposed to improve the efficiency of the system reliability analysis method.The failure probability is calculated through Monte Carlo simulation(MCS)with Latin hypercube sampling(LHS).The features and applicability of the above procedure are discussed and compared using an example jacket platform located in Chengdao Oilfield,Bohai Sea,China.This study provides a reference for the evaluation of the system reliability of jacket structures.  相似文献   

天津地面相对湿度资料的非均一性检验及订正     

司鹏  罗传军  姜罕盛  徐梅 《气象》2018,44(10):1332-1341

研究中利用NCEP/DOEAMIP-ⅡReanalysis(R-2)比湿再分析资料和基础观测资料两种参考序列,对天津历史月平均相对湿度数据中存在的非均一性因素进行了检验和订正。结果显示,有9个地面站的相对湿度序列存在显著断点,占台站总数的69%。查阅台站元数据得到导致其突变的主要原因是自动站业务化,其次为迁站和仪器变更。从订正量来看,负订正量比例约占96. 3%,其中分布范围在-5.0%～-1.5%,约占总订正量的80%以上。对比分析订正前后月平均相对湿度序列的方差和趋势变化,均一性订正基本修正了非均一性因素造成的突变影响,减缓相对湿度序列长期出现异常偏干的趋势变化。同时,与朱亚妮等(2015)研制的同类数据产品误差分析发现,两类数据的误差平均值较小,但由于一些主观因素影响使得个别台站MAE、SE误差值达到3. 0%以上,造成MAE、SE误差值范围在0～2%的台站比例分别仅在84. 6%和76. 9%及两者以上。从而,一定程度上能够反映出本研究所采用的数据处理技术手段相对以往具有优越性。  相似文献   

Measuring place-based accessibility under travel time uncertainty     

Bi Yu Chen  Donggen Wang  Shih-Lung Shaw  Hui-Ping Chen 《International journal of geographical information science》2017,31(4):783-804

Travel time uncertainty has significant impacts on individual activity-travel scheduling, but at present these impacts have not been considered in most accessibility studies. In this paper, an accessibility evaluation framework is proposed for urban areas with uncertain travel times. A reliable space-time service region (RSTR) model is introduced to represent the space-time service region of a facility under travel time uncertainty. Based on the RSTR model, four reliable place-based accessibility measures are proposed to evaluate accessibility to urban services by incorporating the effects of travel time reliability. To demonstrate the applicability of the proposed framework, a case study using large-scale taxi tracking data is carried out. The results of the case study indicate that the proposed accessibility measures can evaluate large-scale place-based accessibility well in urban areas with uncertain travel times. Conventional place-based accessibility indicators ignoring travel time reliability can significantly overestimate the accessibility to urban services.  相似文献   

不同测算方法下行程时间不确定性对可达性的影响分析     

肖中圣  许奇  毛保华  魏润斌  冯佳 《地球信息科学学报》2022,24(11):2102-2114

行程时间不确定性导致了可达性随时间的变化,相关研究表明忽略行程时间不确定性会高估可达性水平。既有可达性研究往往用行程时间可靠性表示行程时间不确定性,但未考虑不同可达性模型结果的差异以及行程时间可靠性价值。本文结合各OD之间的行程时间分布特征,构建方差型的行程时间可靠性来描述行程时间不确定性,并进一步将行程时间可靠性纳入到广义出行时间成本中,建立了时间距离模型、潜力模型、累计机会模型和高斯模型4种基于位置的可达性测算方法,以比较在不同测算方法下,行程时间不确定性对可达性的影响。深圳的案例研究表明：① 忽略行程时间不确定性会使全区域的可达性至少被高估5.04%,最大被高估95.04%。潜力模型、时间距离模型、累计机会模型和高斯模型的高估幅度由低到高;② 行程时间不确定性对可达性的影响存在阈值效应,阈值越高,可达性受影响的程度越小;③ 从空间分布来看,行程时间不确定性对可达性水平高和低的区域都有一定影响。若不考虑行程时间不确定性,可达性高的区域高估值大,而在可达性低的区域,可达性高估的百分比较大,高估百分比中位数的差异程度最大可达77.1%;④ 行程时间不确定性对潜力模型可达性分类的影响最小,对累计机会模型差异的影响最大。可达性使用者应充分考虑研究区域实际情况,结合可解释性与理论性偏好,进而选择合适的可达性模型和评判标准。  相似文献   

不排水抗剪强度非平稳随机场模拟及边坡可靠度分析     

蒋水华  曾绍慧  杨建华  姚池  黄劲松  周创兵 《岩土力学》2018,39(3):1071-1081

边坡可靠度分析中通常假定采用平稳或准平稳随机场表征土体参数的空间变异性,然而大量现场试验数据表明,土体参数如不排水抗剪强度沿土体埋深常呈现明显的非平稳分布特征,即其均值和标准差均随埋深发生变化,因此亟需发展土体参数非平稳随机场模型及其模拟方法。针对目前不能有效单独模拟土体参数趋势分量和随机波动分量的不确定性,提出了一种有效的不排水抗剪强度参数非平稳随机场模型,并给出了土体参数二维非平稳随机场模拟方法计算流程,同时将新提出的模型与现有非平稳随机场模型及平稳随机场模型进行了系统比较。最后通过不排水饱和黏土边坡算例验证了提出模型的有效性,并揭示了不排水抗剪强度非平稳分布特征对边坡可靠度的影响规律。结果表明：提出模型能够有效地单独模拟土体参数趋势分量和随机波动分量的不确定性,考虑土体参数均值和标准差随埋深增加而增大的特性,可为表征土体参数非平稳分布特征提供了一条有效的途径。此外,与采用非平稳随机场模拟土体参数空间变异性相比,采用常用的平稳随机场模型会低估边坡失效概率,从而造成偏危险的边坡工程设计方案。  相似文献   

声学应答释放器电路部分可靠性分析     

徐向上  张选明  贾立双  冯志涛  李家军 《海洋技术学报》2017,36(5):60-64

声学应答释放器是一种对可靠性要求很高的海洋环境监测设备,文中对国家海洋技术中心研制的声学应答释放器进行了可靠性分析。首先介绍了声学应答释放器的电路构成及功能;然后依据可靠性建模相关理论完成电路部分可靠性模型建立,依据可靠性模型,预计了设备的固有可靠度;最后有针对性地提出改进措施,用于指导声学应答释放器设计,为释放器技术研究提供计算模型与可借鉴的经验。  相似文献   

Expected Sliding Distance of Vertical Slit Caisson Breakwater     

Dong Hyawn KIM 《海洋工程》2017,31(3):317-321

Evaluating the expected sliding distance of a vertical slit caisson breakwater is proposed. Time history for the wave load to a vertical slit caisson is made. It consists of two impulsive wave pressures followed by a smooth sinusoidal pressure. In the numerical analysis, the sliding distance for an attack of single wave was shown and the expected sliding distance during 50 years was also presented. Those results were compared with a vertical front caisson breakwater without slit. It was concluded that the sliding distance of a vertical slit caisson may be over-estimated if the wave pressure on the caisson is evaluated without considering vertical slit.  相似文献