基于独立分量分析的遥感图像分类技术   总被引：20，自引：0，他引：20  

曾生根  王小敏  范瑞彬  夏德深 《遥感学报》2004,8(2):150-157

遥感图像的自动分类方法一般基于图像的统计信息。多光谱遥感图像之间有着一定的相关性 ,对遥感图像的自动分类有不利影响。一般用主成分分析去除波段之间的相关性。独立分量分析能利用相对主成分分析更高的统计分量 ,不但可以获得去相关的效果 ,而且可以得到相互独立的结果波段图像。本文首先讨论了独立分量分析的基本原理。在此基础上 ,介绍FastICA算法 ,并对其进行改进 ,得到M FastICA算法 ,并将其应用到遥感图像的分类上。实验结果表明 ,M FastICA算法较FastICA算法收敛性大为改善 ,提高了独立分量分析在遥感图像的分类上的有效性  相似文献   

The 1420 Ma Indiavaí Mafic Intrusion (SW Amazonian Craton): Paleomagnetic results and implications for the Columbia supercontinent     

《Gondwana Research》2013,23(3-4):956-973

The configuration and the timing of assembly and break-up of Columbia are still matter of debate. In order to improve our knowledge about the Mesoproterozoic evolution of Columbia, a paleomagnetic study was carried out on the 1420 Ma Indiavaí mafic intrusive rocks that crosscut the polycyclic Proterozoic basement of the SW Amazonian Craton, in southwestern Mato Grosso State (Brazil). Alternating field and thermal demagnetization revealed south/southwest ChRM directions with downward inclinations for sixteen analyzed sites. These directions are probably carried by SD/PSD magnetite with high coercivities and high unblocking temperatures as indicated by additional rock magnetic tests, including thermomagnetic data, hysteresis data and the progressive acquisition of isothermal remanent magnetization. Different stable magnetization components isolated in host rocks from the basement 10 km NW away to the Indiavaí intrusion, further support the primary origin of the ChRM. A mean of the site mean directions was calculated at Dm = 209.8°, Im = 50.7° (α₉₅ = 8.0°, K = 22.1), which yielded a paleomagnetic pole located at 249.7°E, 57.0°S (A₉₅ = 8.6°). The similarity of this pole with the recently published 1420 Ma pole from the Nova Guarita dykes in northern Mato Grosso State suggests a similar tectonic framework for these two sites located 600 km apart, implying the bulk rigidity of the Rondonian-San Ignacio crust at that time. Furthermore these data provide new insights on the tectonic significance of the 1100–1000 Ma Nova Brasilândia belt—a major EW feature that cuts across the basement rocks of this province, which can now be interpreted as intracratonic, in contrast to previous interpretation. From a global perspective, a new Mesoproterozoic paleogeography of Columbia has been proposed based on comparison of these 1420 Ma poles and a 1780 Ma pole from Amazonia with other paleomagnetic poles of similar age from Baltica and Laurentia, a reconstruction in agreement with geological correlations.  相似文献   

Environmental effects on distributions of culturable soil oligotrophic bacteria along an elevational gradient in the Chihuahuan Desert     

《Journal of Arid Environments》2013

Oligotrophic bacteria have been isolated from many habitats, yet environmental regulation of their distributions in soil has not been elucidated. To address the issue of environmental influence upon oligotrophic distributions, Chihuahuan Desert soils were sampled from five sites along an elevational and vegetational gradient within Big Bend National Park during January and August of 2002 and 2003. Soils were diluted and plated on oligotrophic media, and plates were incubated at 15, 25, 35, 45 and 60 °C. Additionally, measurements of soil organic matter, pH, moisture, extractable nitrate, extractable ammonium and microbial biomass carbon were collected for each sample to relate oligotrophic bacterial distributions to soil nutrient and edaphic characteristics. Analysis of variance indicated significant site, season, incubation-temperature and interaction effects on total oligotroph numbers. Canonical correspondence analysis and multiple regressions indicated that all soil-chemistry variables significantly influenced discrete morphologies of oligotrophs. Oligotroph distributions were most congruent with soil-chemistry variation in three sites, whereas oligotrophic diversity in two sites did not adhere closely to measured environmental variables. While vegetation type may structure oligotroph communities at the two mid-elevational sites, abiotic constraints are drivers in low-desert sites.  相似文献   

长江水下三角洲沉积物柱状样重金属垂向分布特征   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5  

李亚南  高抒 《海洋通报》2012,31(2):154-163

对长江水下三角洲3个沉积物柱状样进行粒度分析、²¹⁰Pb测年,并测定其中Cr、Cu、Pb、Zn等重金属元素和Al等常量元素的含量,得到了沉积物粒度、粘土含量、重金属含量的垂向分布曲线和沉积物测年数据。通过相关分析来研究沉积物中的Cr、Cu、Pb、Zn等重金属、粒度、Al相互之间的关系;以Al为参照元素对这4种重金属进行归一化处理,分析其归一化前后的垂向分布特征。结果表明,Cr、Cu、Pb、Zn 4种重金属元素在此区域的地球化学行为相似,其分布受细颗粒沉积物的吸附和胶体的絮凝作用共同控制;近一二十年来,该区域的Cr、Cu、Pb含量并没有显著增加,Zn有轻微污染。此外,CJ19柱中Cu存在异常峰值,可能是特大风暴潮事件对研究区浅水区底质沉积物中重金属的分布造成的影响。  相似文献   

铁磁形状记忆合金研究进展与展望（Ⅱ）：本构模型   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李爱群  陈鑫  左晓宝 《地震学刊》2011,(2):117-130

阐述了铁磁形状记忆合金（Ferromagnetic Shape Memory Alloy,简写为FSMA）本构模型研究的重要性。以时间为顺序,重点介绍了FSMA本构模型研究的发展历程和研究现状。仔细分析了各种FSMA本构模型在理论基础、适用范围、精度以及复杂程度等方面的特点,讨论了各种理论应用于FSMA本构模型的局限性,指出了它们在面向应用时存在的问题。研究表明,由于FSMA兼具磁致形状记忆效应、热弹性形状记忆效应等多种独特性能,使对其本构模型的研究存在一定困难,进一步的研究还有待开展。最后指出,对既能揭示FSMA微观机理又能预测其宏观热磁力学行为的本构模型、描述FSMA所有特性的统一模型、面向应用的FSMA简化本构模型等问题,尚有待深入研究。  相似文献   

An elastic-plastic analysis of short-leg shear wall structures during earthquakes     

Ding Jianguo  Zhu Ying 《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2012,11(4):525-540

Short-leg shear wall structures are a new form of building structure that combine the merits of both frame and shear wall structures. Its architectural features, structure bearing and engineering cost are reasonable. To analyze the elastic-plastic response of a short-leg shear wall structure during an earthquake, this study modified the multiple-vertical-rod element model of the shear wall, considered the shear lag effect and proposed a multiple-vertical-rod element coupling beam model with a new local stiffness domain. Based on the principle of minimum potential energy and the variational principle, the stiffness matrixes of a short-leg shear wall and a coupling beam are derived in this study. Furthermore, the bending shear correlation for the analysis of different parameters to describe the structure, such as the beam height to span ratio, short-leg shear wall height to thickness ratio, and steel ratio are introduced. The results show that the height to span ratio directly affects the structural integrity; and the short-leg shear wall height to thickness ratio should be limited to a range of approximately 6.0 to 7.0. The design of short-leg shear walls should be in accordance with the "strong wall and weak beam" principle.  相似文献   

CFRP加固对预制节段拼装桥墩抗震性能的影响          下载免费PDF全文

马煜  张于晔 《地震工程学报》2020,42(4):847-855

为提升预制节段拼装桥墩的抗震性能,采用碳纤维增强复合材料(CFRP)对预制节段拼装桥墩在地震中易损伤部位进行加固。基于既有试验,建立缩尺的预制节段拼装桥墩三维实体有限元模型,分析预制节段拼装桥墩在循环往复荷载情况下的恢复力特性以及破坏情况。分别采用箍筋加密和外包CFRP布对预制节段拼装桥墩底部节段进行加固,对比两种加固方式对预制节段拼装桥墩抗震性能的影响。研究结果表明,CFRP包裹桥墩底部节段能够增强桥墩整体刚度和承载能力,并且使得桥墩的刚度退化更加平缓,有利于预制节段拼装桥墩在地震作用下保持自身力学特性的稳定,确保桥梁整体的安全。  相似文献   

Parameters influence on maneuvered towed cable system dynamics     

《Applied Ocean Research》2015

The dynamic response of a towed cable system to ship maneuver is parametrically simulated. Three dimensionless parameters influence on towed cable system maneuverability is investigated. They are ratio of total length to turning radius R/L, ratio of cable mass to vehicle mass σ, and ratio of mass unit length to hydrodynamic force w/r. An oscillatory motion of towed vehicle is found in simulation of spiral towed courses. Features of this oscillation in different spiral courses are compared. The sharp turns, gradual turns and their transient states of towed cable dynamics for different course directions are discussed extensively. According to the characters of transient states and horizontal trajectories evolution of maneuvered cable system, the dynamic behaviors can be divided into three situations in Fig. 8 turning maneuvers. The behavior of towed cable system during a zigzag turning course is simulated in the end. Two ingredients of heave motion are found during small ratio of turning radii to length in this course. The primary damp to initial turning becomes weak and the response to alternative turns plays a more and more important role. The damping properties of the transient behavior in different maneuvers show a periodical invariance to σ during some turning maneuvers.  相似文献   

结合分形理论和自适应图像块划分的遥感图像噪声估计   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

傅鹏  孙权森  纪则轩 《测绘学报》2015,44(11):1235-1245

针对场景复杂的光学遥感图像中加性噪声估计问题,提出了一种结合分形理论和自适应图像块划分的噪声估计方法。区别于传统的基于规则图像块划分的噪声估计方法,本文提出了一种自适应于图像局部信息的图像块划分算法,更大程度地保证了自适应图像块内部的平滑性。结合基于分形理论的图像低粗糙度纹理区域选取和基于统计分析的图像噪声标准差计算,实现了光学遥感图像加性噪声强度的自动估计。利用资源三号卫星图像进行定量试验分析,试验结果表明本文方法可以有效地适用于不同复杂程度、不同噪声强度的光学遥感图像。同时,本文中低粗糙度纹理区域选取和自适应图像块划分的方法经过改进后,还可以应用于雷达图像中乘性噪声的估计。  相似文献   

Spatial distribution of unconventional gas wells and human populations in the Marcellus Shale in the United States: Vulnerability analysis     

《Applied geography (Sevenoaks, England)》2015

Modern forms of drilling and extraction have recently led to a boom in oil and gas production in the U.S. and stimulated a controversy around its economic benefits and environmental and human health impacts. Using an environmental justice paradigm this study applies Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and spatial analysis to determine whether certain vulnerable human populations are unequally exposed to pollution from unconventional gas wells in Pennsylvania, West Virginia, and Ohio. Several GIS-based approaches were used to identify exposed areas, and a t-test was used to find statistically significant differences between rural populations living close to wells and rural populations living farther away. Sociodemographic indicators include age (children and the elderly), poverty level, education level, and race at the census tract level. Local Indicators of Spatial Autocorrelation (LISA) technique was applied to find spatial clusters where both high well density and high proportions of vulnerable populations occur. The results demonstrate that the environmental injustice occurs in areas with unconventional wells in Pennsylvania with respect to the poor population. There are also localized clusters of vulnerable populations in exposed areas in all three states: Pennsylvania (for poverty and elderly population), West Virginia (for poverty, elderly population, and education level) and Ohio (for children).  相似文献