海藻研究开发的发展概述   总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16  

黄知清  严兴洪 《海洋技术学报》2002,21(3):22-25

综述了海藻的资源、组成、性质和研究开发的进展概况，阐述了海藻今后的发展趋势。  相似文献   

几种红藻琼脂的组分结构及理化性质的比较   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

王璐  刘力  王艳梅  苑全云  李智恩  徐祖洪 《海洋与湖沼》2001,32(6):658-664

以我国3种经济红藻龙须菜、石花菜、坛紫菜为原料，对高温稀碱法、常温浓碱法和无碱法提取的琼脂进行理化性质和化学组分结构方面的横向比较。结果表明，所提取琼脂的主要组分均为无取代的琼脂糖；凝固温度与甲氧基的取代位置及含量有关；我国3种琼脂海藻均为优质的琼脂原料；提取琼脂时，石花菜不用碱处理，龙须菜和坛紫菜则必须经过碱处理；从灰分和硫酸基含量角度分析，石花菜琼脂优于坛紫菜琼脂后，后者又优于龙须菜琼脂。  相似文献   

海水工厂化养鱼排污水处理的实验研究与工程设计   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

徐宾锋  杜守思  朱杰  林旭升  陈志成 《海洋湖沼通报》2001,(3):70-77

本文从保护海洋环境出发，论述研究设计海水工厂化养鱼排污水处理工程的重要性，提出用光合细菌（PSB）和海藻试验研究工厂化养鱼排污水处理的效率、特性及副产品的综合利用。通过工程计算，设计出工艺流程图及光合细菌反应池、二沉池和海藻塘的工程容量。  相似文献   

大型海藻对富营养化海水养殖区生物修复的研究与展望   总被引：23，自引：4，他引：23  

杨宇峰  费修绠 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2003,33(1):53-57

当前 ,中国的多数海水养殖区富营养化相当严重。富营养化可引发赤潮和养殖动物病害 ,给养殖业带来巨大损失。海带、龙须菜、条斑紫菜等大型海藻 ,生产力很高 ,在生长过程中可大量吸收 C,N,P等生源要素 ,在水生态系统碳循环和减缓富营养化方面有很重要的作用。此外 ,海藻产品可食用、作为饲料、工业原料和有机肥料 ,是具有较高价值的商品。大规模栽培大型海藻是减轻养殖区富营养化的有效途径之一。  相似文献   

Hiding and feeding in floating seaweed: Floating seaweed clumps as possible refuges or feeding grounds for fishes     

Sofie Vandendriessche  Marlies Messiaen  Sarah O'Flynn  Magda Vincx  Steven Degraer 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2007,71(3-4):691-703

Floating seaweed is considered to be an important habitat for juvenile fishes due to the provision of food, shelter, a visual orientation point and passive transport. The importance of the presence of the highly dynamical seaweed clumps from the North Sea to juvenile neustonic fishes was investigated by analysing both neuston samples (without seaweed) and seaweed samples concerning fish community structure, and length-frequency distributions and feeding habits of five associated fish species. While the neustonic fish community was mainly seasonally structured, the seaweed-associated fish community was more complex: the response of the associated fish species to environmental variables was species specific and probably influenced by species interactions, resulting in a large multivariate distance between the samples dominated by Chelon labrosus and the samples dominated by Cyclopterus lumpus, Trachurus trachurus and Ciliata mustela. The results of the stomach analysis confirmed that C. lumpus is a weedpatch specialist that has a close spatial affinity with the seaweed and feeds intensively on the seaweed-associated invertebrate fauna. Similarly, C. mustela juveniles also fed on the seaweed fauna, but in a more opportunistic way. The shape of the size-frequency distribution suggested enhanced growth when associated with floating seaweed. Chelon labrosus and T. trachurus juveniles were generally large in seaweed samples, but large individuals were also encountered in the neuston. The proportion of associated invertebrate fauna in their diet was of minor importance, compared to the proportions in C. lumpus. Individuals of Syngnathus rostellatus mainly fed on planktonic invertebrates but had a discontinuous size-frequency distribution, suggesting that some of the syngnathids were carried with the seaweed upon detachment and stayed associated. Floating seaweeds can therefore be regarded as ephemeral habitats shared between several fish species (mainly juveniles) that use them for different reasons and with varying intensity.  相似文献   

Seasonal variation of a molluscan assemblage living in a Caulerpa prolifera meadow within the inner Bay of Cádiz (SW Spain)     

Jose L. Rueda  Carmen Salas 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2003,57(5-6):909-918

The molluscan macrofauna living in shallow muddy bottoms with the green algae Caulerpa prolifera was studied monthly between February 1994 and January 1996 in the inner Bay of Cádiz (SW Spain). The molluscan assemblage followed a similar pattern over the 2 years, displaying seasonal trends in species richness, abundance and structure. During the autumn and winter months, a decrease in abundance, species richness and diversity and an increase in evenness occurred. During the spring and summer months, the molluscan assemblage was characterised by an increase in species richness, abundance and diversity. These seasonal trends were supported statistically by the presence of significantly different groupings of seasonal samples in multivariate analyses.Despite human impacts in the bay (e.g. aquaculture activities, sewage), the presence of repetitive seasonal trends, based on the qualitative and quantitative data, indicates the stability of the molluscan assemblage over 2 years. Benthic characteristics from the inner Bay of Cádiz, such as shallow soft bottoms with the presence of macrophytes and current dynamics, seem to be key factors influencing the composition and seasonality of this molluscan assemblage.  相似文献   

Seaweed cultivation: Traditional way and its reformation   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

费修绠  鲍鹰  卢山 《中国海洋湖沼学报》1999,17(3):193-199

INTRODUCTIONSeaweedcultivationisthemosteffectivewayforobtaininglargeamountofseaweedproducts.Thoughseaweedcultivationhasahistoryofonlyafewdecades,itsdevelopmentisfast (Fei,1 996) .Thetotalproductionofcultivatedseaweedatpresentisabout 62 50× 1 0 3tonsfreshweight,ofwhichLaminariaaccountsfor 3 1 0 0× 1 0 3tons,Undaria 2 2 0 0x 1 0 3tons,Porphyra 750× 1 0 3tons,Gracilariasp .1 0 0× 1 0 3tons,EucheumaandKappaphycus 1 0 0× 1 0 3tons,otherkindofseaweeds 1 0 0× 1 0 3tons.Theestimatedtotal…  相似文献   

红藻多糖的化学

Ⅰ.五种琼胶海藻的研究          下载免费PDF全文

李智恩  史升耀  黄家刚  徐祖洪  刘万庆  郭玉彩  张星君 《海洋与湖沼》1993,24(1):93-99

分析了鸡毛菜、易曲凹顶藻热带变种、三叉仙菜、海萝和多管藻(1979—1989分别采自广东山东和海南省)未碱处理与碱处理的多糖产率、凝胶强度、粘度、凝固点、融点、硫酸酯和3,6-内醚-半乳糖含量,同时用红外光谱和~(13)C-核磁共振波谱测定了它们的组成和结构。结果表明它们都具有琼胶的基本结构,鸡毛菜是制造琼胶的很好原料,易曲凹顶藻热带变种也可用于制造琼胶,三叉仙菜是制造低凝固点琼胶的原料。此外还发现海萝和多管藻也有一些凝固性。  相似文献   

2009-2018年南黄海苏北浅滩海域漂浮浒苔和马尾藻现场调查研究     

肖洁  范士亮  王宗灵  傅明珠  宋洪军  王晓  袁超  庞敏  缪晓翔  张学雷 《海洋学报(英文版)》2020,39(10):1-2

利用2009-2018年在南黄海苏北浅滩海域的现场调查数据，分析和研究了该海域漂浮绿藻和马尾藻的长期变化和季节性波动特征。研究显示，漂浮绿藻于每年4月中旬至下旬在浅滩中部筏架周围开始出现。5月－6月，漂浮绿藻生物量迅速增加，并漂移扩散至深水区。漂浮绿藻密度年际变化较大，但这十年间总体呈上升趋势。相比较而言，漂浮马尾藻仅在2013、2017和2018年在浅滩聚集形成春季藻华；且这三年，漂浮马尾藻密度超过同期漂浮绿藻。浅滩漂浮马尾藻的发生与发展过程与漂浮浒苔明显不同。3月，漂浮马尾藻开始出现于浅滩离岸海域，4-5月，漂浮马尾藻大量侵入浅滩，因此浅滩漂浮马尾藻现并非起源于本地。受高强度人类活动以及浅滩以外海域物理化学和生物过程的影响，浅滩环境因素与漂浮绿藻生物量的关系不甚明确。对于漂浮马尾藻的起源以及与漂浮绿藻的相互关系也需要进一步研究。  相似文献   

海洋植物谱系地理模式与遗传连通性研究进展     

胡自民  杜玉群  梁延硕  钟凯乐  张杰 《海洋与湖沼》2021,52(2):418-432

海洋植物谱系地理学虽然在国内受到的关注比较有限,但近年来的研究进展对了解环境变动如何影响物种的多样性结构、生态适应和进化潜力等亦提供了重要信息。本文首先对刊发海洋植物谱系地理研究最具代表性的两本国际期刊《Molecular Ecology》和《Journal of Biogeography》进行搜索和筛选,从研究团队的地域分布和研究对象的阶元等角度纵览全球范围内近20年间海洋植物谱系地理学研究的现状和特征。其后,本文从洋流如何驱动海洋植物谱系地理结构和多样性、入侵物种的种群遗传变异特征和路径重建、冰期避难所如何影响现今海洋植物遗传结构和地理变动、克隆繁殖和谱系多样化等四个方面概述了这一领域的主要成果进展。最后,本文还从岛屿地理模型、共生物种的谱系协同进化和高通量数据应用等三个方面对海洋植物谱系地理学的发展趋势进行了展望。  相似文献