Polyploidy induction by hydrostatic pressure shock and embryo development of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus     

丁君  常亚青  王子臣  宋坚 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2007,25(2):184-190

The manipulation of the chromosome set for commercially valuable marine animals is important for enhancing aquacultural production. In this study, triploid and tetraploid sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus were induced by hydrostatic pressure shock, and the conditions of appropriate induction were tested with different starting times, and hydrostatic pressure intensities and durations. The highest rate of triploid induction reached 20% and that of tetraploid was 60%. In consideration of the survival rate and hatch rate, the appropriate treatment for triploid was 55 Mpa of hydrostatic pressure for 5 min at 55 min after fertilization (a.f.), while for tetraploid it was 60 Mpa for 5 min at 61 min a.f. The triploid of the sea cucumber could survive through the pelagic larval stage and attachment stage, and develop like the control group of the experiment. The tetraploid, however, could not survive the attachment stage.  相似文献   

Effect of water temperature on digestive enzyme activity and gut mass in sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus （Selenka）, with special reference to aestivation   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

高菲  杨红生  许强  王方雨  刘广斌 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2009,27(4):714-722

The effect of water temperature on gut mass and digestive enzyme activity in sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus, including relative gut mass (RGM), amylase, lipase, pepsin and trypsin activities were studied at temperatures of 7, 14, 21, and 28°C over a period of 40 days. Results show that RGM significantly decreased after 40 days at 21°C and markedly decreased over the whole experiment period at 28°C; however, no significant effect of duration was observed at 7 or 14°C. At 14°C, trypsin activity significantly decreased over 10 and 20 days, then increased; amylase and trypsin activity significantly decreased after 40 days at 28°C. However, no significant effect of duration was found on amylase, pepsin or trypsin activities in the other temperature treatment groups. At 28°C, lipase activity peaked in 20 days and then markedly decreased to a minimum at the end of the experiment. On the other hand, pepsin activity at 28°C continuously increased over the whole experimental period. Principle component analysis showed that sea cucumbers on day 40 in the 21°C group and in the previous 20 days in the 28°C group were in the prophase of aestivation. At 28°C, sea cucumbers aestivated at 30–40 days after the start of the experiment. It is concluded that the effect of temperature on the digestion of A. japonicus is comparatively weak within a specific range of water temperatures and aestivation behavior is accompanied by significant changes in RGM and digestive enzyme activities.  相似文献   

梅花参中多糖提取工艺及含量测定的研究   总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13  

王远红  吕志华  姜廷福  刘畅  郭少媛 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2005,35(6):987-990

采用正交设计L9（34）,研究梅花参（Thelenota ananas）中多糖的提取工艺,探讨并建立了测定海参多糖含量的方法.结果表明：最佳提取条件为1g样品加40mL 3%KOH溶液,40～45℃超声2h;且提取温度为首要的影响因素;产物经二次乙醇纯化的结果较好,粗多糖得率20.25%.多糖经单糖组成分析,岩藻糖含量达到70%以上.测得梅花参中总糖含量8.79%;糖醛酸含量0.95%.该实验操作简单,稳定可靠,重现性好,准确度高,为测定其它海参中多糖的含量提供了可靠的依据.  相似文献   

西沙群岛的棘皮动物 Ⅰ.海参纲     

廖玉麟 《海洋科学集刊》1975,(10):199-230

中国科学院海洋研究所曾多次到我国西沙群岛进行海洋生物的采集工作；作者参加过一次考察，并对该岛的棘皮动物进行过专门的采集与观察。 富饶的西沙群岛，盛产海参，有的地方，可谓俯拾皆是。全世界约40种海参可供食用，而西沙群岛即产有20种。世界上一些名贵的种类，例如梅花参、黑乳海参、蛇目白尼参和辐肛参等，该岛均有出产。 本文报道了经济意义较大的海参纲动物的研究结果，共检查了标本425个，鉴定为41种，分隶于3目，5科，16属，内有一新种，有14种在我国系首次记录。  相似文献   

Cu₂₊,Zn₂₊,Pb₂₊,Cd₂₊对刺参幼虫的毒性试验   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

张晓燕 《海洋科学》1994,18(2):9-12

为摸清重金属Ｃｕ２＋，Ｚｎ２＋，Ｐｂ２＋，Ｃｄ２＋对刺参幼虫的影响程度，于１９８６～１９８８年在威海市西港渔业公司育苗场进行了其毒性试验。１材料与方法１．１试验方法采用生物毒性试验［１，２］，根据试验持续时间和毒物浓度，分急性中毒试验和亚急性中毒试验。生物致毒的方法是接触致毒，即准确称量一定数量的ＣｕＳＯ４，ＺｎＳＯ４，Ｐｂ（ＮＯ３）２，ＣｄＳＯ４，分别配制成一定浓度的母液，然后按试验组浓度要求将母液加入不同试验组的过滤海水中，试验生物在其内培养。试验所用的过滤海水采自威海市田村小石岛海区的自然…  相似文献   

鲜冻香参营养成分分析     

王方国  姚珏 《海洋学研究》1997,15(3):65-67

鲜冻香参营养成分分析王方国张海生（国家海洋局第二海洋研究所，杭州，３１００１２）姚珏江智复（温岭市海洋功能食品有限公司，温岭，３１７５１３）香参是２１种可食用海参之一，有海地瓜Ａｃａｕｄｉｎａｍｏｌｐａｄｉｏｉｄｅａ的雅称，属芋参科Ｍｏｌｐａｄｉｄａ...  相似文献   

海参中微量元素的分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

李静  周曾昊  康继韬  管华诗 《海洋科学》1989,13(3):38-42

本文用原子吸收分光光度法研究黑乳参(Holothuria nobilis Seleka)和刺参(StiChops japonicus Selenka)样品的消化方法,并测定样品中11种微量元素(K,Ca,Mg,Fc,Co,Ni,Mn,Cu,Cd,Pb,Zn)的含量。结果表明,这些海参样品,用干法或湿法消化均可得到满意结果。作者还将部分元素的分析结果与阳极溶出伏安法和交流示波极谱滴定法相对照,其结果一致。  相似文献   

Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species in Different Fractions of the Coelomocytes of Holothurian Eupentacta fraudatrix in Response to the Thermostable Toxin of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis in Vitro     

Dolmatova  L.S. Eliseykina  M.G. Timchenko  N.F. Kovaleva  A.L. Shitkova  O.A. 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2003,21(4):293-304

Pure fraction (92% - 95%) of phagocytes (FP) and a mixture of amoebocytes (62%) and morula cells (38 % )-FPMC- of the holothurian Eupentacta fraudatrix ( Holothuroidea,Dendrochirota ) were obtained by using ficoll-verographine step gradient. Basal production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in FP quantified by using reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) was more than twice that in FPMC. Thermostable toxin of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis (TST) at differentconcentrations ( 0.2; 0.5; 2.5 μg/ml, but not 0.1 μg/ml) stimulated NBT reduction in FPMC after 24 h incubation. In FP, TST at concentrations of 0.1 and 0.2 μg/ml inhibited and at concentrations of 0.5 and 2.5 μg/ml stimulated NBT reduction after 24 h incubation. Maximal effect was observed in FP and FPMC at TST concentrations of 0.5 and 0.2 μg/ml, respectively. Addition of catalase (0.7 μg/ml) to the cells treated with TST (2.5 μg/ml) was followed by a decrease in NBT reduction compared to that under toxin treatment alone. TST stimulated superoxide dismutase activity in ccncentration-dependent manner (maximum at 0.5 μg/ml concentration in FP) after 24 htreatment, and this stimulation was prevented by a commercial catalase. Plant lectin concanavalin A stimulated NBT reduction more than 5-fold in FPMC compared to the control. With addition of TST, lectin stimulated ROS to lesser extent than that with lectin alone. When catalase, TST, and lectin were added into the FPMC simultaneously, ROS increase was similar to that under lectin treatment alone. On the whole, data obtained indicated that ROS generation in holothurian coelomocytes especially occurs in both stimulated and not stimulated phagocytes, and that changes in ROS production by these cells may be one of the mechanisms of antibacterial protection of holothurians.  相似文献   

糙海参精子的发生及超微形态结构          下载免费PDF全文

杨学明  吴明灿  张立  杨琼  潘英  陈福艳 《海洋科学》2016,40(5):49-56

为了解糙海参(Holothuria scabra)精子发生的过程及其形态结构,作者于2013年11月~2014年4月每月采集2头海南岛的野生雄性糙海参,取精巢组织固定后分别制作投射电镜、扫描电镜切片和石蜡包埋切片,在电镜和光镜下连续观察。观察结果表明,糙海参精子发生经历了精原细胞、初级精母细胞、次级精母细胞、精细胞和成熟精子5个阶段。精细胞分化过程可分为3个时期,早期:细胞核前端出现前顶体囊;中期:顶体腔内出现围顶体物质;后期:胞质往尾部方向收缩,形成精子中部。糙海参成熟精子全长约60μm,由头部、中部和尾部3部分组成,为典型的鞭毛型精子。精子头部呈球形,精子核中顶体形态为"U"型内陷囊状体,围顶体物质呈"月牙"形,核染色质凝集成团块状。精子中部由一个巨大的线粒体和中心粒复合体融合而成。精子尾部鞭毛横切面为典型的"9+2"微管结构。本研究可为糙海参的繁殖生物学和人工育苗提供理论参考。  相似文献   

草皮氏海参皂苷单体抗血管新生的实验研究     

杨玉红  王静凤  赵芹  张珣  李兆杰 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2012,42(5):68-73

研究革皮氏海参(Pearsonothuria graeffei)皂苷单体化合物echinoside A(EA)和ds-echinoside A(DSEA)对血管新生的抑制作用.采用MTT法和AO/EB荧光染色法研究EA和DSEA对人脐静脉血管内皮细胞Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells(HUVEC)增殖、凋亡的影响;采用小管形成实验观察EA和DSEA对HUVEC分化形成小管能力的影响;细胞间粘附实验比较研究EA和DSEA对HUVEC细胞同肿瘤细胞之间粘附的影响;鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜(CAM)血管新生模型,观察EA和DSEA抑制CAM血管新生的情况.实验结果显示,EA和DSEA能够显著抑制HUVEC细胞的增殖(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),并诱导其凋亡;在体外能够显著抑制小管的形成能力,可显著抑制同肿瘤细胞间的粘附作用,在体内能够减少CAM新生血管的分支数目,而且DSEA的活性要强于EA.提示草皮式海参皂苷单体EA和DSEA都能够显著抑制肿瘤血管的新生,其活性与结构相关.  相似文献