广西弄岗不同演替阶段植被群落的小气候特征   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

邓艳  蒋忠诚  李先琨  吕仕洪  曹建华  李恩香  蓝芙宁 《热带地理》2004,24(4):316-320,325

探讨了广西弄岗自然保护区不同演替阶段群落不同梯度的气温、湿度、土壤温度、光照强度的日变化特征,结果表明各演替群落的平均气温,最高温度,最低温度,气温上升和下降的速度随着群落演替的进展呈下降趋势,各群落的气温垂直变化一般随高度增加而增加;各演替阶段群落的土壤5cm处的温度变化呈不规则的单峰曲线;随着演替的进展,各群落的空气相对湿度增大,空气相对湿度的变幅随着演替的进展而变小;一般来说,随着高度的增加,各演替阶段的光照强度也增加.  相似文献   

厦门市植被变化的遥感动态分析   总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15  

徐涵秋  陈本清 《地球信息科学学报》2003,5(2):105-108

本文利用美国LandsatTM/ETM+卫星影像,通过变化检测和信息提取等分析了福建省厦门市从1989～2000年的植被变化。它们包含了一部分不是由植被变化所引起的伪变化信息。对此,依次采用了阈值法和掩膜法将伪变化信息剔除,最后获得了准确的植被变化信息。研究结果表明,厦门市11年中,植被面积由于城市扩展绿地面积有了明显的减少。从1995～2000年植被减少的面积明显要比1989～1995年期间的少得多,这与厦门市近年来逐渐重视保护植被和生态环境有密切的关系。  相似文献   

内蒙古西鄂尔多斯国家自然保护区植被的遥感分布特征及变化探测   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

韩秀珍  马建文  王志刚 《地理科学进展》2003,22(1):53-59

西鄂尔多斯自然保护区位于荒漠、半荒漠地带的中国北方生态环境脆弱带上,保护区内的植物从第三纪演化至今仍带有荒漠特有种群标记,对研究环境演化、生物多样性、全球变化等都具有重大的学术价值和诊断意义,受到国内外生物学、生态学、地理学等学科研究者的极大的关注。利用传统的研究方法和样方统计方法不仅费时、费工,而且进展缓慢,另外,很难实现对保护区植物分布规律与生境的全面了解与监测。我们利用Landsat-5、7卫星提供的1987年9月的TM和1999年8月的ETM数据,两景不同时相的数据间隔12年,分辨率为30m;1∶25万的DEM数据;地面样方统计数据等。用遥感技术对西鄂尔多斯珍稀濒危植物群落进行分布规律和变化探测的研究,可以快速、大范围、准确、实时获取资源环境状况及其变化数据,建立三维立体景观虚拟现实图,再结合野外实地考察样方统计数据的综合分析,揭示了间隔12年植被分布规律和植被覆盖动态变化情况。为合理利用这些植被资源,对受损荒漠生态系统的恢复提供了依据,同时,对于保护和改善我国荒漠地区的生活环境和探索荒漠地区可持续发展也具有重要的意义。  相似文献   

Passive L-band microwave soil moisture retrieval error arising from topography in otherwise uniform scenes     

Melody J. Sandells  Ian. J. Davenport  Robert. J. Gurney 《Advances in water resources》2008

Soil moisture is an important component of the water cycle and will be measured for the first time on a global scale by a dedicated passive L-band microwave radiometer that is planned for launch in 2008. Here, the contribution of topography to the error budget is examined for a vegetated scene with uniform microwave emission. Dual-polarization brightness temperature curves were generated over a range of look angles for 1-D scenes with simple geometrical features, and the soil moisture was retrieved assuming a flat surface. The errors were small for the scenarios considered. Theoretical errors were tested for realistic topography with a DEM transect of a mountainous region, and were found to be comparable. Knowledge of the mean slope from high-resolution DEM data can be used to improve the accuracy of the retrieval.  相似文献   

基于植被状态指数的云南省农业干旱状况时空分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

吕潇然  尹晓天  宫阿都  王前锋  李静  张慧 《地球信息科学学报》2016,18(12):1634-1644

本文首先计算了云南省2004-2013年农业干旱指数VCI,然后使用Pearson相关系数评价降水与VCI的相关性,基于VCI识别云南省2004-2013年农业干旱事件,最后,与SPEI气象干旱识别结果进行对比分析,在VCI农业干旱识别的基础上,使用干旱频率和干旱面积占比指标分析了云南省2004-2013年农业干旱时空特征。结果表明：降水只是影响VCI指数的关键因素之一;VCI和SPEI指数均能够较好对干旱进行监测并识别典型干旱,但两者的识别结果存在差异;云南省农业干旱频率在春冬两季较高,夏季较低,秋季介于夏季和春冬季之间;春夏冬三季农业干旱频率空间分布较为均匀,秋季农业干旱频率呈南低北高的分布态势,整体上北部干旱频率高于南部;2004-2013年云南省整体干旱面积占比呈现先减小后增加再波动的趋势,春冬两季整体干旱面积占比最高,分别为46.63%和47.18%,呈现下降趋势,夏季整体干旱面积占比最低,为43.81%,呈现上升趋势,秋季整体干旱面积占比介于冬春季和夏季之间,为45.74%,呈现下降趋势。总之,云南省农业干旱春冬易发性最高,影响范围最大,夏季易发性最低,影响范围最小。  相似文献   

Nonlinear random wave-induced drag force on a vegetation field     

Dag Myrhaug  Lars Erik HolmedalMuk Chen Ong 《Coastal Engineering》2009

This paper provides a practical method by which the drag force on a vegetation field beneath nonlinear random waves can be estimated. This is achieved by using a simple drag formula together with an empirical drag coefficient given by Mendez et al. (Mendez, F.J., Losada, I.J., Losada, M.A., 1999. Hydrodynamics induced by wind waves in a vegetation field. J. Geophys. Res. 104 (C8), 18383–18396). Effects of nonlinear waves are included by using Stokes second order wave theory where the basic harmonic motion is assumed to be a stationary Gaussian narrow–band random process. An example of calculation is also presented.  相似文献   

Optimizing support vector machine learning for semi-arid vegetation mapping by using clustering analysis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Lihong Su   《ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing》2009,64(4):407-413

In remote sensing communities, support vector machine (SVM) learning has recently received increasing attention. SVM learning usually requires large memory and enormous amounts of computation time on large training sets. According to SVM algorithms, the SVM classification decision function is fully determined by support vectors, which compose a subset of the training sets. In this regard, a solution to optimize SVM learning is to efficiently reduce training sets. In this paper, a data reduction method based on agglomerative hierarchical clustering is proposed to obtain smaller training sets for SVM learning. Using a multiple angle remote sensing dataset of a semi-arid region, the effectiveness of the proposed method is evaluated by classification experiments with a series of reduced training sets. The experiments show that there is no loss of SVM accuracy when the original training set is reduced to 34% using the proposed approach. Maximum likelihood classification (MLC) also is applied on the reduced training sets. The results show that MLC can also maintain the classification accuracy. This implies that the most informative data instances can be retained by this approach.  相似文献   

Mapping of aggregated floodplain plant communities using image fusion of CASI and LiDAR data     

Jochem Verrelst  Gertjan W. Geerling  Karle V. Sykora  Jan G.P.W. Clevers 《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2009

Combined optical and laser altimeter data offer the potential to map and monitor plant communities based on their spectral and structural characteristics. A problem unresolved is, however, that narrowly defined plant communities, i.e. plant communities at a low hierarchical level of classification in the Braun-Blanquet system, often cannot be linked directly to remote sensing data for vegetation mapping. We studied whether and how a floristic dataset can be aggregated into a few major discrete, mappable classes without substantial loss of ecological meaning. Multi-source airborne data (CASI and LiDAR) and floristic field data were collected for a floodplain along the river Waal in the Netherlands. Mapping results based on floristic similarity alone did not achieve highest levels of accuracy. Ordination of floristic data showed that terrain elevation and soil moisture were the main underlying environmental drivers shaping the floodplain vegetation, but grouping of plant communities based on their position in the ordination space is not always obvious. Combined ordination-based grouping with floristic similarity clustering led to syntaxonomically relevant aggregated plant assemblages and yielded highest mapping accuracies.  相似文献   

基于地面试验的植被覆盖率估算模型及其影响因素研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

田静  苏红波  孙晓敏  陈少辉 《国土资源遥感》2009,(3):1-6

以植被覆盖率的遥感反演为研究主线,以玉米作物为例,在基于地面试验获得作物光谱、叶面积指数和多角度覆盖率的基础上,对目前普遍采用的两种基于植被指数的植被覆盖率估算模型进行了精度比较,同时对植被覆盖率反演的影响因子(叶面积指数、植被空间分布和观测角度)进行了分析.由此得到:估算植被覆盖率的最优植被指数为归一化植被指数;叶面积指数对植被指数与植被覆盖率间关系的影响随植被的生长不断增大;植被空间分布对垂直覆盖率的估算影响很小.对于多角度覆盖率有这样的规律,即在4种空间分布下,以0°观测天顶角(VZA)为中心,在相反方位角上随VZA的增加,覆盖率值基本呈对称分布;在玉米刚出苗时,覆盖率随VZA的增加而增加,当VZA=0°时达到最小值,而随着玉米的进一步生长,4种分布条件下覆盖率随VZA的增加反而降低,在VZA=0°时达到最大值.  相似文献   

Age and impacts of the caldera-forming Aniakchak II eruption in western Alaska     

J.J. Blackford  R.J. Payne  M.P. Heggen  A. de la Riva Caballero  J. van der Plicht 《Quaternary Research》2014

The mid-Holocene eruption of Aniakchak volcano (Aniakchak II) in southwest Alaska was among the largest eruptions globally in the last 10,000 years (VEI-6). Despite evidence for possible impacts on global climate, the precise age of the eruption is not well-constrained and little is known about regional environmental impacts. A closely spaced sequence of radiocarbon dates at a peatland site over 1000 km from the volcano show that peat accumulation was greatly reduced with a hiatus of approximately 90–120 yr following tephra deposition. During this inferred hiatus no paleoenvironmental data are available but once vegetation returned the flora changed from a Cyperaceae-dominated assemblage to a Poaceae-dominated vegetation cover, suggesting a drier and/or more nutrient-rich ecosystem. Oribatid mites are extremely abundant in the peat at the depth of the ash, and show a longer-term, increasingly wet peat surface across the tephra layer. The radiocarbon sample immediately below the tephra gave a date of 1636–1446 cal yr BC suggesting that the eruption might be younger than previously thought. Our findings suggest that the eruption may have led to a widespread reduction in peatland carbon sequestration and that the impacts on ecosystem functioning were profound and long-lasting.  相似文献