油藏原油微生物降解的氮同位素分馏效应   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈传平  梅博文 《沉积学报》2004,22(4):707-710

选取辽河油田冷东地区来自Es3烃源岩不同性质原油,测定氮同位素比值,试图分析生物降解过程中原油氮同位素的分馏作用,探讨含氮化合物组成的变化机理。正常原油与相应干酪根的氮同位素比值接近,δ15N分布在4.0‰左右。遭受生物降解的原油,氮同位素比值明显增加,δ15N接近或超过10.0‰。比较遭受不同程度微生物降解自然系列的原油,氮同位素比值的变化与降解程度相联系。微生物降解过程中发生氮同位素分馏作用这一事实暗示降解原油中含氮有机化合物在降解过程中参与了代谢。  相似文献   

生物降解原油地球化学研究新进展   总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18  

马安来  张水昌  张大江  金之钧 《地球科学进展》2005,20(4):449-454

生物降解作用是原油的一种重要的蚀变作用,对原油的物性和经济价值有着负面的影响。全球石油大多遭受过生物降解。生物降解作用对常见生物标志物的影响得以较好的描述,综述了近年来高分子量正构烷烃、三环萜烷、25 降藿烷生物降解的新进展。目前对生物降解作用的细节、发生机理尚不十分清楚,讨论了原油喜氧和厌氧降解机制,认为厌氧作用可能起主导作用,降解速率很慢。温度是控制生物降解作用的重要因素,储层温度大于80℃不会发生生物降解作用。生物降解原油多为混源油,介绍了研究生物降解原油的多期成藏方法。沥青质不易生物降解,其热解产物及钌离子催化氧化产物在生物降解原油对比、油源对比中具有重要的作用;最后指出了今后的发展方向。  相似文献   

白令海和楚科奇海表层沉积物中多环芳烃降解微生物多样性   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

张荣秋  董纯明  盛华芳  白秀花  矫立萍  刘金禄  汪卫国  周宏伟  邵宗泽 《海洋学报》2014,36(4):52-61

为了研究白令海(海盆及陆架)至楚科奇海陆架表层沉积物中多环芳烃(PAHs)降解菌的多样性,并获得新的PAHs降解菌资源。在GC-MS分析沉积物中PAHs种类和含量的基础上,以萘、菲和芘的混合物为唯一碳源和能源对表层沉积物样品进行富集,通过平板分离鉴定可培养菌株,并验证其降解能力;同时利用变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)和Illumina高通量测序技术分析降解菌群结构。GC-MS测定结果表明,14个表层沉积物中PAHs总干质量介于32.99~276.97ng/g。富集菌群中共分离获得51株可培养细菌,平板纯培养、PCR-DGGE及Illumina测序结果均表明,菌群中优势的降解菌是γ-proteobacteria的Marinobacter,Pseudoalteromonas,Pseudomonas和Actinobacteria门的Dietzia菌。此外,Illumina测序结果还表明14个降解菌群在菌群结构组成上,可分为海盆区和陆架区两种类群;同时检测到一些低丰度的海洋专属PAHs降解菌,如Cycloclasticus,Alteromonas和Neptunomonas等。本文结果将加深对白令海及楚科奇海表层沉积物中PAHs降解菌资源与生物多样性的认识。  相似文献   

Charging of the Penglai 9-1 oil field,Bohai Bay basin,China: Functions of the delta on accumulating petroleum     

《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2014

The Penglai 9-1 (PL9-1) oil field, which contains China's third largest offshore oil accumulation (in-place reserves greater than 2.28 × 10⁸ ton or 1.49 × 10⁹ bbl), was found in shallow reservoirs (700–1700 m, 2297–5577 ft) within the most active fault zone in east China. The PL9-1 field contains two oil-bearing series, the granite intrusions in Mesozoic (Mz) and both the sandstone reservoirs in Neogene Guantao (Ng) and Neogene Minghuazhen (Nm) Formation. The origins of the PL9-1 field, both in terms of source rock intervals and generative kitchens, were determined by analyzing biomarker distributions for 61 source rock samples and 33 oil samples. The Mesozoic granite intrusions, which hold more than 80% of the oil reserves in the field, were charged in the west by oil generated from the third member (Es₃) of the Shahejie Formation in the Bodong depression. The Neogene reservoirs of the PL9-1 field were charged in the west by oil generated from the third member (Es₃) of the Shahejie Formation in the Bodong depression and in the south by oil generated from the first member (Es₁) of the Shahejie Formation in the Miaoxibei depression. Interactive contact between the large fan delta and the mature source rocks residing in the Es₃ Formation of the Bodong depression resulted in a high expulsion efficiency from the source rocks and rapid oil accumulation in the PL9-1 field, which probably explains how can this large oil field accumulate and preserve within the largest and most active fault zone in east China.  相似文献   

Contaminant transport and biodegradation in saturated porous media: model development and simulation     

Song‐Bae Kim 《水文研究》2005,19(20):4069-4079

  相似文献   

Degradation Kinetics of Petroleum Contaminants in Soil-Water Systems   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

ZHENG Xilai  WANG Bingchen  LI Yuying  XIA Wenxiang Institute of Environmental Science  Engineering  Ocean University of Chin  Qingdao  Shandong Comprehensive Institute of Geotechnical Survey  Beijing 《《地质学报》英文版》2004,78(3)

On the basis of site investigation and sample collection of petroleum contaminants in the soil-water-crop system in the Shenyang-Fushun sewage irrigation area, the physical-chemical-biological compositions of the unsaturated zone is analyzed systematically in this paper. At the same time, the degradation kinetics of residual and aqueous oils is determined through biodegradation tests. The studies show that dominant microorganisms have been formed in the soils after long-term sewage irrigation. The microorganisms mainly include bacteria, and a few of fungus and actinomycetes. After a 110-days' biodegradation test, the degradation rate of residual oil is 9.74%-10.63%, while the degradation rate of aqueous oil reaches 62.43%. This indicates that the degradation rate of low-carbon aqueous oil  相似文献   

酪氨酸酶固定化碳材料对苯酚的生物降解性能     

刘娜  梁刚  董新维  祁小丽  杨悦锁  叶康  朴云仙 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2017,47(2)

以新型碳材料氧化石墨烯作为载体,利用共价结合方法制备酪氨酸酶固定化氧化石墨烯复合物,并利用该复合物对苯酚进行催化降解,探讨酶的加载特性和酶的催化活性,以及固定化酪氨酸酶催化降解苯酚的最优条件及储存稳定性。通过对固定化酪氨酸酶进行活性和固定量分析后认为:单位质量载体的酶固定量为1.78 mg/mg,单位质量载体的酶活性为1 880.6 U/mg;固定化酪氨酸酶在30h内对47.06mg/L苯酚的降解率可达86.3%,降解反应的最优条件为pH=7.0、温度=25℃;固定化酪氨酸酶在4℃条件下30d后仍保持初始活性的77.7%,其稳定性优于游离酪氨酸酶。另外,在氧化石墨烯上引入磁颗粒,既简化了酶固定流程,又能做到回收利用。  相似文献   

海洋溢油的风化过程研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王传远  杜建国  贺世杰 《海洋湖沼通报》2008,(3)

水体中石油的分布与归宿取决于溢油风化.在溢油扩散漂移的同时,发生油类蒸发与溶解过程.石油烃在光能的激发和微量金属离子的催化下会发生氧化反应.石油入海后,在风、浪的作用下很容易发生乳化作用.油膜和分散液滴可附在海洋中悬浮颗粒物上沉淀,溶解的烃类吸附在固体颗粒物上沉淀.石油烃类的生物化学作用为其决定性降解作用.油的风化是许多不同过程的综合过程,它们是同时发生,互相影响的.未来需要在组成、性质和行为相互关系的研究基础上进行.在分子水平上系统研究溢油风化过程对于溢油事故发生后肇事者的确定、危害评价以及生物修复效果评估等具有重要的指导意义.  相似文献   

Simulation of a reactive tracer experiment using stochastic hydraulic conductivity fields     

Stefan Gödeke  Helmut Geistlinger  Anko Fischer  Hans-Hermann Richnow  Mario Schirmer 《Environmental Geology》2008,55(6):1255-1261

Reactive tracer tests are performed to derive flow, transport and in situ biodegradation parameters. This paper describes the 3D simulation of a reactive tracer test using the transition probability geostatistical approach. Fifty different equally probable aquifer realizations were generated based on the geological information of 107 boreholes in an area of 62,500 m². One realization was chosen for the reactive transport simulation based on the results of groundwater flow modeling and on particle tracking calculations for the site. Field velocities at the site vary between 0.4 and 3 m/d. The transport of the reactive tracers deuterium ring labeled toluene-d₅ and fully deuterated toluene-d₈ was simulated and first-order biodegradation rates of 0.017 d⁻¹ for toluene-d₅ and 0.012 d⁻¹ for toluene-d₈ were determined.  相似文献   

Optimized Composition of Functional Bacteria for Bioremediation of Sediment Environment of Shrimp Culture     

李秋芬  辛福言  邹玉霞  陈民山  唐启升 《海洋通报(英文版)》2004,6(2):60-65

After the single-strain abilities of organic-pollutant-degrading bacteria in bioremediation of sediment environment of shrimp culture are determined, the multistrain degrading effect of the compositions of different strains is measured. The results indicate that the multi-strains groups have higher degrading ability than the single-strain groups. Three-strain groups are better than two-strain groups, and fourstrain groups are better than three-strain groups and five-strain groups, the groups composed of strains Lt7222, Lt7511. Fc6308 and Gy7018 has the best degrading effect, the CODMn removal rate is 73.2 % in 66 h, and gets to 82.7% in 114 h. 30% higher than that of the best single-strain group; Groups of Lt7222. Lt7511. Lt7451 and Gy7018 are the second, whose CODMn removal rate is 82.1% in 114 h. It is suggested that multi-species bacteria be used as thnctional bacteria in bioremediation of mariculture environment.  相似文献