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41.
对强渗透性地层旋挖钻进成孔混凝土灌注桩质量通病进行了分析,总结此类地层必须重视泥浆护壁质量对混凝土灌注桩施工质量的重大影响,必须重视钻斗的活塞抽吸对孔壁的破坏性,建议其验收标准中增加泥浆护壁质量验收,重视清孔后的孔径验收,不可完全沿用与旋挖钻孔泥浆护壁效果有着天壤区别的回转钻、潜水钻成孔混凝土灌注桩的质量验收标准。 相似文献
42.
Behavior of rigid blocks with geometrical defects under seismic motion: an experimental and numerical study 下载免费PDF全文
Charlie Mathey Cyril Feau Ioannis Politopoulos David Clair Laurent Baillet Michel Fogli 《地震工程与结构动力学》2016,45(15):2455-2474
The present work investigates the influence of small geometrical defects on the behavior of slender rigid blocks. A comprehensive experimental campaign was carried out on one of the shake tables of CEA/Saclay in France. The tested model was a massive steel block with standard manufacturing quality. Release, free oscillations tests as well as shake table tests revealed a non‐negligible out‐of‐plane motion even in the case of apparently plane initial conditions or excitations. This motion exhibits a highly reproducible part for a short duration that was used to calibrate a numerical geometrically asymmetrical model. The stability of this model when subjected to 2000 artificial seismic horizontal bidirectional signals was compared with the stability of a symmetrical one. This study showed that the geometrical imperfections slightly increase the rocking and overturning probabilities for earthquake signals in a narrow range of peak ground acceleration. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
43.
针对我国西部黄土地区特殊的地形地貌、近地表条件和地下浅层目标体,开展了路基下伏地质缺陷地震探测技术的应用研究。为检验不同地震方法的探测能力,设计了一个综合地质地球物理模型,包含凹陷、断层、地裂缝、地下低速体、软弱夹层及滑坡等典型地质缺陷,利用有限差分波场模拟,计算出多分量反射地震记录和面波地震记录,分别进行了反射波成像和高阶面波反演横波速度成像。数值模拟结果表明,反射波成像和高阶面波反演横波速度成像技术对真实模型中的凹陷、断层、浅层低速体、软弱夹层及滑坡等主要地质缺陷均能清晰成像,验证了地震方法探测路基下伏地质缺陷的可行性。数值计算结果表明,不同的地球物理探测方法对地质缺陷的探测效果和适用范围不同。 相似文献
44.
混凝土是一种含有骨料、水泥浆、钢筋、波纹管包裹的预应力孔道及空洞、孔隙的多相非均匀复合材料,作为一种粘弹性介质,超声在混凝土中传播机理比较复杂,常规的弹性声波方程不能确切地模拟超声传播方式。这里从粘弹性介质材料性质出发,推导了基于Kelvin粘弹性介质模型的高阶有限差分方程,通过建立几种粘弹性混凝土介质数值模型,模拟了超声波在混凝土中的传播过程,分析了含空洞、裂隙等不同缺陷的混凝土介质中超声波的波形特性,讨论了缺陷部位波形的变化规律,探讨了空洞、裂隙等不同缺陷对超声传播机理的影响以及能量分布的差异,为准确判断识别混凝土内部不同结构的缺陷提供科学借鉴。 相似文献
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With annealing temperature kept at 1573 K, the effects of annealing time on stability of the intrinsic defects in epitaxial unintentionally doped 4H-SiC prepared by low pressure chemical vapour deposition have been studied by electron spin resonance (ESR) and low temperature photoluminescence. This paper reports the results shown that annealing time has an important effect on the intrinsic defects in unintentionally doped 4H-SiC when annealing temperature kept at 1573 K. When the annealing time is less than 30 min, the intensity of ESR and photoluminescence is increasing with annealing time prolonged, and reaches the maximum when annealing time is 30 min. Then the intensity of ESR and photoluminescence is rapidly decreased with the longer annealing time, and much less than that of as-grown 4H-SiC when annealing time is 60 min, which should be related with the interaction among the intrinsic defects during the annealing process. 相似文献
47.
M.J. Walter A. Kubo T. Yoshino J. Brodholt Y. Ohishi 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2004,222(2):501-516
We have investigated the effect of Al3+ on the room-temperature compressibility of perovskite for stoichiometric compositions along the MgSiO3-AlO1.5 join with up to 25 mol% AlO1.5. Aluminous Mg-perovskite was synthesized from glass starting materials, and was observed to remain a stable phase in the range of ∼30-100 GPa at temperatures of ∼2000 to 2600 K. Lattice parameters for orthorhombic (Pbnm) perovskite were determined using in situ X-ray diffraction at SPring8, Japan. Addition of Al3+ into the perovskite structure increases orthorhombic distortion and unit cell volume at ambient conditions (V0). Compression causes anisotropic decreases in axial length, with the a axis more compressive than the b and c axes by about 25% and 3%, respectively. The magnitude of orthorhombic distortion increases with pressure, but aluminous perovskite remains stable to pressures of at least 100 GPa. Our results show that substitution of Al3+ causes a mild increase in compressibility, with the bulk modulus (K0) decreasing at a rate of −67±35 GPa/XAl. This decrease in K0 is consistent with recent theoretical calculations if essentially all Al3+ substitutes equally into the six- and eight-fold sites by charge-coupled substitution with Mg2+ and Si4+. In contrast, the large increase in compressibility reported in some studies with addition of even minor amounts of Al is consistent with substitution of Al3+ into six-fold sites via an oxygen-vacancy forming substitution reaction. Schematic phase relations within the ternary MgSiO3-AlO1.5-SiO2 indicate that a stability field of ternary defect Mg-perovskite should be stable at uppermost lower mantle conditions. Extension of phase relations into the quaternary MgSiO3-AlO1.5-FeO1.5-SiO2 based on recent experimental results indicates the existence of a complex polyhedral volume of Mg-perovskite solid solutions comprised of a mixture of charge-coupled and oxygen-vacancy Al3+ and Fe3+ substitutions. Primitive mantle with about 5 mol% AlO1.5 and an Fe3+/(Fe3++Fe2+) ratio of ∼0.5 is expected to be comprised of ferropericlase coexisiting with Mg-perovskite that has a considerable component of Al3+ and Fe3+ defect substitutions at conditions of the uppermost lower mantle. Increased pressure may favor charge-coupled substitution reactions over vacancy forming reactions, such that a region could exist in the lower mantle with a gradient in substitution mechanisms. In this case, we expect the physical and transport properties of Mg-perovskite to change with depth, with a softer, probably more hydrated, defect dominated Mg-perovskite at the top of the lower mantle, grading into a stiffer, dehydrated, charge-coupled substitution dominated Mg-perovskite at greater depth. 相似文献
48.
49.
陈永奇 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》1986,(3)
在有关地壳形变分析的文献中,存在着一些值得商讨的问题。本文从理论上並通过实例回答了1)直接用观测值来估计变形参数还是用位移来估计;2)监测网的平差方法是否影响所估计的变形参数;3)现有的方法把位移场投影到断层线上来计算变形模型参数是否合理。 相似文献
50.
Monika Koch-Müller Stanislav S. Matsyuk Dieter Rhede Richard Wirth Natasha Khisina 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2006,33(4):276-287
The incorporation of hydrogen in mantle olivine xenocrysts from the Udachnaya kimberlite pipe was investigated by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). IR spectra were collected in the OH stretching region on oriented single crystals using a conventional IR source at ambient conditions and in situ at temperatures down to −180°C as well as with IR synchrotron radiation. The IR spectra of the samples are complex containing more than 20 strongly polarized OH bands in the range 3,730–3,330 cm−1. Bands at high energies (3,730–3,670 cm−1) were assigned to inclusions of serpentine, talc and the 10 Å phase. All other bands are believed to be intrinsic to olivine. The corresponding point defects are (a) associated with vacant Si sites (3,607 cm−1 E || a, 3,597 E || a, 3,571 cm−1 E || c, 3,567 E || c, and 3,556 E || b), and (b) with vacant M1 sites (most of the bands polarized parallel to a). From the pleochroic behavior and position of the OH bands associated with the vacant M1 sites, we propose two types of hydrogen—one bonded to O1 and another to O2, so that both OH vectors are strongly aligned parallel to a. The O2–H groups may be responsible for the OH bands at higher wavenumbers than those for the O1–H groups. The multiplicity of the corresponding OH bands in the spectra can be explained by different chemical environments and by slightly different distortions of the M1 sites in these high-pressure olivines. Four samples were investigated by SIMS. The calculated integral molar absorption coefficient using the IR and SIMS results of 37,500±5,000 L mol H2O cm−2 is within the uncertainties slightly higher than the value determined by Bell et al. (J Geophys Res 108(B2):2105–2113, 2003) (28,450±1,830 L mol H2O cm−2). The reason for the difference is the different distributions of the absorption intensity of the spectra of both studies (mean wavenumber 3,548 vs. 3,570 cm−1). Olivine samples with a mean wavenumber of about 3,548 cm−1 should be quantified with the absorption coefficient as determined in this study; those containing more bands at higher wavenumber (mean wavenumber 3,570 cm−1) should be quantified using the value determined by Bell et al. (J Geophys Res 108(B2):2105–2113, 2003).
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Monika Koch-MüllerEmail: Phone: +49-331-2881492 |