中尺度涡旋混合参数空间变化对物理场以及CFC-11模拟的影响     

刘波  李阳春  徐永福  范广洲 《大气科学》2015,39(6):1149-1164

本文选用中国科学院大气物理研究所全球海洋模式(LICOM),对中尺度涡旋参数化方案(GM90方案)中等密度扩散系数和等密度面厚度扩散系数(统称为涡旋扩散系数A_ρ)对物理场及CFC-11(一氟三氯甲烷)分布的影响进行了研究。本文做了两个试验,即涡旋扩散系数采用常系数方式(对照试验)和采用在非绝热层以下A_ρ随海洋浮力频率垂直变化的参数化方案(浮力试验)。模拟结果表明,依浮力频率垂直变化的方案对模式物理场的模拟能力有一定程度的提升,如南极绕极流的输送强度比常系数方案增大了约20%~30%,与观测事实更接近;浮力试验对对照试验中过强的南极中层水有一定的削弱作用,使得模式对南大洋高纬次表层位密度的模拟有一定的改善。稍有不足的是,浮力试验对南极底层水也有一定的削弱,使得2000~3000 m深度位密度模拟较常系数方案偏低。通过对CFC-11分布、存储以及输送的研究发现,次网格参数取值的不同对南大洋CFC-11模拟情况有较大影响。浮力试验加大了南北高纬CFC-11海表的吸收通量,对南极大陆周边海域向南大洋主储藏区(34°S~60°S)的CFC-11输送能力有一定的增强,使得南大洋对CFC-11储藏量增大,大部分海区与观测资料更接近。通过CFC-11断面分析,浮力试验对南大洋上层海洋位密度模拟的改善使得CFC-11垂直结构与观测更接近。  相似文献   

粗骨料对混凝土界面过渡区氯离子扩散性能影响     

王元战  吕彦伟  龙俞辰  吴林键 《海洋工程》2018,36(2):73-82

通过室内干湿循环条件下混凝土中氯离子扩散试验,实测得到6种不同粗骨料体积分数的混凝土试件在不同时刻、不同深度处的氯离子浓度。经回归分析得到了不同粗骨料体积分数下混凝土的氯离子整体扩散系数,其值随粗骨料体积分数的增加而减小。同时,探讨了粗骨料的稀释、曲折和界面过渡区效应对混凝土中氯离子扩散的影响。在此基础上,同时考虑粗骨料体积分数Vf和界面过渡区厚度h的影响系数α(Vf,h),建立混凝土界面过渡区氯离子扩散系数模型,界面过渡区氯离子扩散系数随粗骨料体积分数的增大呈近乎线性地减小,随界面过渡区厚度的增大先显著减小而后逐渐趋于平稳。最后,将建立的界面过渡区氯离子扩散系数模型应用于混凝土中氯离子扩散的三维细观数模中。结果表明:细观数模计算结果与物理试验实测数据在变化趋势和数值大小上均能够吻合,可验证界面过渡区氯离子扩散系数模型的正确性与合理性。  相似文献   

Energetics of lateral eddy diffusion/advection：Part Ⅳ. Energetics of diffusion/advection in sigma coordinates and other coordinates     

HUANG Rui Xin 《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,33(3):58-81

Gravitational potential energy （GPE） source and sink due to stirring and cabbeling associated with sigma dif fusion/ advection is analyzed. It is shown that GPE source and sink is too big, and they are not closely linked to physical property distribution, such as temperature, salinity and velocity. Although the most frequently quoted advantage of sigma coordinate models are their capability of dealing with topography; the exces sive amount of GPE source and sink due to stirring and cabbeling associated with sigma diffusion/advec tion diagnosed from our analysis raises a very serious question whether the way lateral diffusion/advection simulated in the sigma coordinates model is physically acceptable. GPE source and sink in three coordinates is dramatically different in their magnitude and patterns. Overall, in terms of simulating lateral eddy diffu sion and advection isopycnal coordinates is the best choice and sigma coordinates is the worst. The physical reason of the excessive GPE source and sink in sigma coordinates is further explored in details. However, even in the isopycnal coordinates, simulation based on the Eulerian coordinates can be contaminated by the numerical errors associated with the advection terms.  相似文献   

Mean properties of mesoscale eddies in the Kuroshio recirculation region     

马利斌  王强 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2014,32(3):681-702

Using a 19-year altimetric dataset, the mean properties and spatiotemporal variations of eddies in the Kuroshio recirculation region are examined. A total of 2 001 cyclonic tracks and 1 847 anticyclonic tracks were identifi ed using a geometry-based eddy detection method. The mean radius was 57 km for cyclonic eddies and was 61 km for anticyclonic eddies, respectively, and the mean lifetime was about 10 weeks for both type eddies. There were asymmetric spatial distributions for eddy generation and eddy termination, which were domain-dependent. Mean eddy generation rates were 2.0 per week for cyclonic eddies and were 1.9 per week for anticyclonic eddies. Both type eddies tended to deform during their lifetime and had different propagation characteristics, which mainly propagated westward and southwestward with velocities 4.0–9.9 cm/s, in the Kuroshio recirculation region. Further discussion illustrates that the eddy westward speed maybe infl uenced by the combined effect of vertical shear of horizontal currents and nonlinearity of eddy. To better understand the evolution of eddy tracks, a total of 134 long-lived tracks(lifetime ≥20 weeks) were examined. Comparison between short-span eddies(lifetime ≥4 weeks and 20 weeks) and long-lived eddies is also conducted and the result shows that the short-span and long-lived eddies have similar time evolution. Finally, eddy seasonal variations and interannual changes are discussed. Correlation analysis shows that eddy activity is sensitive to the wind stress curl and meridional gradient of sea surface temperature on interannual timescales. Besides, the strength and orientation of background fl ows also have impacts on the eddy genesis.  相似文献   

Effect of Baroclinicity on Vortex Axisymmetrization.Part Ⅱ：Baroclinic Basic Vortex     

Jiayi PENG  ;Melinda S.PENG  ;Tim LI  ;Eric HENDRICKS 《大气科学进展》2014,31(6):1267-1278

The effect of baroclinicity on vortex axisymmetrization is examined within a two-layer dynamical model.Three basic state vortices are constructed with varying degrees of baroclinicity：（i） barotropic,（ii） weak baroclinic,and （iii） strong baroclinic.The linear and nonlinear evolution of wavenumber-2 baroclinic disturbances are examined in each of the three basic state vortices.The results show that the radial propagating speed of the vortex Rossby wave at the lower level is larger with the stronger baroclinicity,resulting in a faster linear axisymmetrization process in the stronger baroclinic vortex.It is found that the nonlinear axisymmetrization process takes the longest time in the strongest baroclinic vortex among the three different basic vortices due to the weaker kinetic energy transfer from asymmetric to symmetric circulations at the lower level.A major finding in this study is that the same initial asymmetric perturbation can have different effects on symmetric vortices depending on the initial vortex baroclinicity.In numerical weather prediction models,this implies that there exists a sensitivity of the subsequent structural and intensity change solely due to the specification of the initial vertical shear of the tropical cyclone vortex.  相似文献   

泡沫压裂液添加剂对煤层甲烷扩散影响的分子模拟     

杨兆中  韩金轩  张健  何睿  路艳军  李小刚 《煤田地质与勘探》2019,47(5):94-103

利用分子模拟软件Materials Studio（MS）建立了一定温度、压力条件下,考虑含水煤层、泡沫压裂液起泡剂、稳泡剂相互作用的狭缝孔分子模拟模型。基于分子扩散理论计算并评价了分别在常见的4种起泡剂以及4种稳泡剂影响下的甲烷分子扩散能力大小。结果表明,与原始含水煤层相比,加入起泡剂十二烷基磺酸钠、十二烷基硫酸钠、十二烷基苯磺酸钠和甜菜碱后,甲烷自扩散系数分别降低了71.3%、74.7%、56.3%和54.0%。相比于仅加入起泡剂（十二烷基苯磺酸钠）的情况下,加入稳泡剂聚丙烯酰胺、聚乙烯醇、聚乙二醇和羧甲基纤维素后,甲烷自扩散系数分别降低了63.2%、57.9%、55.3%和71.1%。据此可知,起泡剂是降低含水煤层中甲烷扩散能力的主要因素,而稳泡剂的使用会进一步降低甲烷扩散能力。在起泡剂和稳泡剂的共同影响下,甲烷自扩散系数降低超过了80%,这对煤层气产出极为不利。建议在保证泡沫压裂液泡沫性能前提下,通过优化起泡剂分子结构、减少用量以减小起泡剂和稳泡剂对甲烷扩散的影响,并尽量避免使用大分子稳泡剂。   相似文献   

夏季长江口及其邻近海域湍流特征分析     

王寇  李博  李爱国  王鹏皓  裴生鑫 《海洋学报》2021,43(11):22-31

利用2019年7月在长江口科学考察实验研究夏季航段(NORC2019-03-02)中获得的MSS90L湍流剖面仪的直接观测数据,本文计算并分析了该断面的湍动能耗散率ε和垂向湍扩散系数K_Z的分布情况。湍动能耗散率的大小为1.72×10?10～2.95×10?5 W/kg;垂向湍扩散系数的大小为3.24×10?7～4.55×10?2 m2/s。湍动能耗散率和垂向湍扩散系数的分布相似,均为上层最强,底层次之,中层最弱。上层由于风应力的作用,使得湍动能耗散率和垂向湍扩散系数较大;温跃层处层化较强,抑制了湍动能的耗散和垂向上的湍混合。盐度锋面的次级环流会促使低盐水团脱离,锋面引起的垂向环流会加强海洋的湍混合。低盐水团与外界的能量交换较少,湍动能耗散率较弱。长江口海区存在明显的上升流和下降流,它们是由锋面的次级环流产生的;上升流和下降流的存在促进湍动能的耗散与湍混合。  相似文献   

Interaction of an anticyclonic eddy with sea ice in the western Arctic Ocean: an eddy-resolving model study   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

LI Qun  ZHANG Zhanhai  WU Huiding 《海洋学报(英文版)》2013,32(3):54-62

The dramatic decline of summer sea ice extent and thickness has been witnessed in the western Arctic Ocean in recent decades, which hasmotivated scientists to search for possible factors driving the sea ice variability. An eddy-resolving, ice-ocean coupled model covering the entire Arctic Ocean is implemented, with focus on the western Arctic Ocean. Special attention is paid to the summer Alaskan coastal current (ACC), which has a high temperature (up to 5℃ ormore) in the upper layer due to the solar radiation over the open water at the lower latitude. Downstream of the ACC after Barrow Point, a surface-intensified anticyclonic eddy is frequently generated and propagate towards the Canada Basin during the summer season when sea ice has retreated away from the coast. Such an eddy has a warm core, and its source is high-temperature ACC water. A typical warm-core eddy is traced. It is trapped just below summer sea ice melt water and has a thickness about 60 m. Temperature in the eddy core reaches 2-3℃, and most water inside the eddy has a temperature over 1℃. With a definition of the eddy boundary, an eddy heat is calculated, which can melt 1 600 km² of 1mthick sea ice under extreme conditions.  相似文献   

基于精细温度观测的南海东北部陆坡-深海盆底层湍流混合*     

李杨  黄鹏起  鲁远征  屈玲  郭双喜  岑显荣  周生启  张佳政  丘学林 《热带海洋学报》2022,41(1):62-74

南海是存在强湍流混合的边缘海之一, 但前人对南海湍流混合的研究更多关注的是中上层, 对底层则鲜有关注。本文基于高分辨率温度传感器于2019年5月在南海东北部22个站位海底上方0.5m处持续观测4.4d的温度数据, 分析了2216~3200m深度范围内底层海水温度的时间变化特征, 并探讨了地形粗糙度和内潮对底层湍流混合的影响。分析结果表明, 南海东北部各站位底层海水的温度变化量级约为10^-4~10^-3℃; 温度变化趋势与正压潮变化趋势不同, 温度能谱显示多数站位在全日和半日频带区间出现谱峰, 温度变化更多地受斜压潮影响, 全日、半日内潮起主要调制作用。陆坡-深海盆过渡区及深海盆底层的湍动能耗散率量级为10^-10~10^-9m²∙s^-3, 涡扩散系数量级为10^-4~10^-3m²∙s^-1。观测数据未能显示底层湍流混合与地形粗糙度存在明显的相关性。底层湍流混合的空间分布与过去观测到的南海北部深海盆内潮的南北不对称性分布一致。  相似文献   

超细SiO₂改性壳聚糖膜的制备、表征及蛋白质分离性能研究          下载免费PDF全文

龙腾  陈义强  柯文林  唐旭  徐长安  吴鹏 《应用海洋学学报》2022,41(4):607-613

本研究通过先共混沉淀后溶解去除超细SiO2颗粒（5~10 μm）制备改性壳聚糖膜,采用扫描电子显微镜（scanning electron microscope, SEM）观察显示,改性后的壳聚糖膜由微尺度多孔结构和光滑表面结构的非对称结构组成,并且改性前后壳聚糖膜的机械性能没有明显改变。死端过滤实验测试膜通量的结果显示,由于微观凹凸膜结构可增大膜的有效扩散面积,因此改性后壳聚糖膜的水渗透性比未改性壳聚糖膜提高了1.5倍。采用自由扩散法测试溶菌酶（14 kDa）、胰蛋白酶（20 kDa）、胃蛋白酶（34 kDa）、鸡卵清蛋白（43 kDa）和牛血清白蛋白（65 kDa）在壳聚糖膜内的有效扩散系数（effective diffusion coefficients, Deff）,实验结果表明,虽然蛋白质分子量的变化仅为4.6倍,但是改性壳聚糖膜中蛋白质的Deff变化达330倍,说明壳聚糖膜具有一定的蛋白质选择过滤性能。另一方面,鸡卵清蛋白和牛血清白蛋白的Deff出现了较为明显的变化,由此推测改性壳聚糖膜传质通道的大小与鸡卵清蛋白的分子大小相当。本研究结果可为生物酶制剂精制过程的膜过滤操作提供参考。  相似文献