水-岩作用的线性规划模型与应用研究——以溪洛渡水电工程为例   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

王锦国  周志芳  汤瑞凉 《水科学进展》1999,10(2):118-122

采用水-岩作用热力学模拟的方法,以溪洛渡水电站工程为实例,从水化学方面对坝区复杂水文地质条件作了定量分析评价。研究成果充分反映了水-岩作用这种物理化学反应的结果,同时也为正确评价溪洛渡水电站复杂水文地质条件提供了可靠的依据。  相似文献   

Groundwater as a geologic agent: An overview of the causes, processes, and manifestations   总被引：29，自引：4，他引：25  

József Tóth 《Hydrogeology Journal》1999,7(1):1-14

 The objective of the present paper is to show that groundwater is a general geologic agent. This perception could not, and did not, evolve until the system nature of basinal groundwater flow and its properties, geometries, and controlling factors became recognized and understood through the 1960s and 1970s. The two fundamental causes for groundwater's active role in nature are its ability to interact with the ambient environment and the systematized spatial distribution of its flow. Interaction and flow occur simultaneously at all scales of space and time, although at correspondingly varying rates and intensities. Thus, effects of groundwater flow are created from the land surface to the greatest depths of the porous parts of the Earth's crust, and from a day's length through geologic times. Three main types of interaction between groundwater and environment are identified in this paper, with several special processes for each one, namely: (1) Chemical interaction, with processes of dissolution, hydration, hydrolysis, oxidation-reduction, attack by acids, chemical precipitation, base exchange, sulfate reduction, concentration, and ultrafiltration or osmosis; (2) Physical interaction, with processes of lubrication and pore-pressure modification; and (3) Kinetic interaction, with the transport processes of water, aqueous and nonaqueous matter, and heat. Owing to the transporting ability and spatial patterns of basinal flow, the effects of interaction are cumulative and distributed according to the geometries of the flow systems. The number and diversity of natural phenomena that are generated by groundwater flow are almost unlimited, due to the fact that the relatively few basic types are modified by some or all of the three components of the hydrogeologic environment: topography, geology, and climate. The six basic groups into which manifestations of groundwater flow have been divided are: (1) Hydrology and hydraulics; (2) Chemistry and mineralogy; (3) Vegetation; (4) Soil and rock mechanics; (5) Geomorphology; and (6) Transport and accumulation. Based on such a diversity of effects and manifestations, it is concluded that groundwater is a general geologic agent. Received, December 1998 · Revised, January 1999 · Accepted, January 1999  相似文献   

Relation of streams, lakes, and wetlands to groundwater flow systems   总被引：24，自引：10，他引：14  

Thomas C. Winter 《Hydrogeology Journal》1999,7(1):28-45

 Surface-water bodies are integral parts of groundwater flow systems. Groundwater interacts with surface water in nearly all landscapes, ranging from small streams, lakes, and wetlands in headwater areas to major river valleys and seacoasts. Although it generally is assumed that topographically high areas are groundwater recharge areas and topographically low areas are groundwater discharge areas, this is true primarily for regional flow systems. The superposition of local flow systems associated with surface-water bodies on this regional framework results in complex interactions between groundwater and surface water in all landscapes, regardless of regional topographic position. Hydrologic processes associated with the surface-water bodies themselves, such as seasonally high surface-water levels and evaporation and transpiration of groundwater from around the perimeter of surface-water bodies, are a major cause of the complex and seasonally dynamic groundwater flow fields associated with surface water. These processes have been documented at research sites in glacial, dune, coastal, mantled karst, and riverine terrains. Received, April 1998 · Revised, July 1998, August 1998 · Accepted, September 1998  相似文献   

Identifying and quantifying urban recharge: a review   总被引：12，自引：1，他引：12  

David N. Lerner 《Hydrogeology Journal》2002,10(1):143-152

The sources of and pathways for groundwater recharge in urban areas are more numerous and complex than in rural environments. Buildings, roads, and other surface infrastructure combine with man-made drainage networks to change the pathways for precipitation. Some direct recharge is lost, but additional recharge can occur from storm drainage systems. Large amounts of water are imported into most cities for supply, distributed through underground pipes, and collected again in sewers or septic tanks. The leaks from these pipe networks often provide substantial recharge. Sources of recharge in urban areas are identified through piezometry, chemical signatures, and water balances. All three approaches have problems. Recharge is quantified either by individual components (direct recharge, water-mains leakage, septic tanks, etc.) or holistically. Working with individual components requires large amounts of data, much of which is uncertain and is likely to lead to large uncertainties in the final result. Recommended holistic approaches include the use of groundwater modelling and solute balances, where various types of data are integrated. Urban recharge remains an under-researched topic, with few high-quality case studies reported in the literature. Electronic Publication  相似文献   

洞庭湖区的区域环境水文地质现状   总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13  

涂继武 《湖南地质》2001,20(3):203-206

据综合污染指数计算分析，洞庭湖区域浅层地下水分为重度，中度、轻度和非污染4个等级。区域环境水文地质恶化的主要原因是工农业生产，血吸虫防治和居民生活所造成的人为污染，应重点从保护自然环境，合理开采地下水、科学使用农药化肥，改革工业结构，健全环保法规等方面进行预防和治理。  相似文献   

长清井田环境水文地质特征分析与评价     

吴恩江 《中国煤田地质》2001,13(4):45-46

在分析井田环境水文地质特征的基础上，利用浅层地下水的分析测试资料，依据水环境污染综合评价指数方法对浅层地下水环境质量的现状进行了评价。简要阐述了矿区开发对地下水资源可能造成的影响，矿区开发后地下水环境的一些变化趋势及初步预防措施，为将来矿井设计、建设和生产过程中浅层地下水环境的保护和利用提供了参考资料。  相似文献   

Geochemistry　of　Thermal－Mineral　Waters　in　Siping＇an　District，　Shanxi　Province，　China     

Wan Yanxin  Sun Lianfa 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》1994,(1)

ＧｅｏｃｈｅｍｉｓｔｒｙｏｆＴｈｅｒｍａｌ－ＭｉｎｅｒａｌＷａｔｅｒｓｉｎＳｉｐｉｎｇ＇ａｎＤｉｓｔｒｉｃｔ，ＳｈａｎｘｉＰｒｏｖｉｎｃｅ，Ｃｈｉｎａ￥ＷａｎＹａｎｘｉｎ；ＳｕｎＬｉａｎｆａ（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＨｙｄｒｏｇｅｏｌｏｇｙａｎｄＥｎ...  相似文献   

中子活化分析在公路交通燧洞水文地质调查中的应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

侯新生  贾疏源  王永利  虞修竞  唐光洁  于静 《物探与化探》2002,26(4):293-295

利用中子活化测试结果 ,对岩石及泉水干涸残余物中常量及微量元素的进行分析对比 ,以了解深层岩体有关的地质与水文地质信息  相似文献   

地下水对工程和环境的作用   总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5  

张咸恭 《工程地质学报》1993,1(1):1-6

地下水对上程建设和地质环境的作用与影响日趋显著,人们认识日益深化。实践表明,这类问题不完伞是纯水文地质问题。实质上,它是介乎于水文地质与工程地质之间,暂定名为工程水文地质学。专门进行在工程建设和环境地质中由于地下水作用而产生的各类工程地质问题或水文地质问题。为充分阐明问题,本文从水与岩土相互作用、基坑排水与潜蚀流沙、地基沉降与黄土湿陷、道路冻害与隧道涌水、矿抗突水与竖井破坏、坝基渗漏与稳定、坝基抗滑稳定以及与地下水有关的地质灾害问题等方面,进行了举例阐述,初步论证了重要性、问题和某些实质。目的在于,向人们揭示一个值得研究的方向,并给予充分的重视。  相似文献   

Flooding of Sinking Creek,Garretts Spring karst drainage basin,Jessamine and Woodford counties,Kentucky, USA     

J. C. Currens  C. D. R. Graham 《Environmental Geology》1993,22(4):337-344

Tashamingo Subdivision in Sinking Creek karst valley, a tributary of the Garretts Spring drainage basin in Jessamine and Woodford counties, Kentucky, was flooded in February 1989. To determine the cause of flooding, the groundwater basin boundary was mapped, discharge data were measured to determine intake capacity of swallets, and hydrologic modeling of the basin was conducted. Swallet capacity was determined to be limited by the hydraulic parameters of the conduit, rather than by obstruction by trash. Flooding from a precipitation event is more likely, and will be higher, when antecedent soil moisture conditions in the watershed are near saturation. Hydrologic modeling shows that suburban development of 20 percent of the southeast basin will cause a small increase in flood stage at Tashamingo Subdivision.  相似文献