地壳中流体的大规模流动系统及其成矿意义   总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12  

马东升 《高校地质学报》1998,4(3):250-261

地壳中的水量相当于海洋体积的水量,已确定的水溶液活动深度可达２０ｋｍ,根据驱动力的不同,地壳中主要存在三大流动系统,即重力,浮力和应力驱动系统。本文评述了当前国际上有关大规模流体运移研究扩要进展和发展趋势,介绍了有关流动系统的模式和运动机制,并简要论述了其成矿意义。文章指出,目前区域古流体场地球化学背景问题已成为区域规律和热液成矿理论中一个不容回避的关键课题,地壳中大规模流动系统将成为今后地质流体研究的重要方向之一。  相似文献   

Fault zone hydrogeology in arid environments: The origin of cold springs in the Wadi Araba Basin,Egypt     

Mahmoud M. Khalil  Kay Hamer  Thomas Pichler  Abotalib Z. Abotalib 《水文研究》2021,35(5):e14176

The role of faults in controlling groundwater flow in the Sahara and most of the hyper-arid deserts is poorly understood due to scarcity of hydrological data. The Wadi Araba Basin (WAB), in the Eastern Sahara, is highly affected by folds and faults associated with Senonian tectonics and Paleogene rifting. Using the WAB as a test site, satellite imagery, aeromagnetic maps, field observations, isotopic and geochemical data were examined to unravel the structural control on groundwater flow dynamics in the Sahara. Analysis of satellite imagery indicated that springs occur along structurally controlled scarps. Isotopic data suggested that cold springs in the WAB showed a striking similarity with the Sinai Nubian aquifer system (NAS) water and the thermal springs along the Gulf of Suez (e.g., δ¹⁸O = −8.01‰ to −5.24‰ and δD = −53.09‰ to −31.12‰) demonstrating similar recharge sources. The findings advocated that cold springs in the WAB represent a natural discharge from a previously undefined aquifer in the Eastern Desert of Egypt rather than infiltrated precipitation over the plateaus surrounding the WAB or through hydrologic windows from deep crystalline basement flow. A complex role of the geological structures was inferred including: (1) channelling of the groundwater flow along low-angle faults, (2) compartmentalization of the groundwater flow upslope from high-angle faults, and (3) reduction of the depth to the main aquifer in a breached anticline setting, which resulted in cold spring discharge temperatures (13–22°C). Our findings emphasize on the complex role of faults and folds in controlling groundwater flow, which should be taken into consideration in future examination of aquifer response to climate variability in the Sahara and similar deserts worldwide.  相似文献   

Hydrogeology of desert springs in the Panamint Range,California, USA: Geologic controls on the geochemical kinetics,flowpaths, and mean residence times of springs     

Carolyn L. Gleason  Marty D. Frisbee  Laura K. Rademacher  Donald W. Sada  Zachary P. Meyers  Jeffrey R. Knott  Brian P. Hedlund 《水文研究》2020,34(13):2923-2948

Over 180 springs emerge in the Panamint Range near Death Valley National Park, CA, yet, these springs have received very little hydrogeological attention despite their cultural, historical, and ecological importance. Here, we address the following questions: (1) which rock units support groundwater flow to springs in the Panamint Range, (2) what are the geochemical kinetics of these aquifers, and (3) and what are the residence times of these springs? All springs are at least partly supported by recharge in and flow through dolomitic units, namely, the Noonday Dolomite, Kingston Peak Formation, and Johnnie Formation. Thus, the geochemical composition of springs can largely be explained by dedolomitization: the dissolution of dolomite and gypsum with concurrent precipitation of calcite. However, interactions with hydrothermal deposits have likely influenced the geochemical composition of Thorndike Spring, Uppermost Spring, Hanaupah Canyon springs, and Trail Canyon springs. Faults are important controls on spring emergence. Seventeen of twenty-one sampled springs emerge at faults (13 emerge at low-angle detachment faults). On the eastern side of the Panamint Range, springs emerge where low-angle faults intersect nearly vertical Late Proterozoic, Cambrian, and Ordovician sedimentary units. These geologic units are not present on the western side of the Panamint Range. Instead, springs on the west side emerge where low-angle faults intersect Cenozoic breccias and fanglomerates. Mean residence times of springs range from 33 (±30) to 1,829 (±613) years. A total of 11 springs have relatively short mean residence times less than 500 years, whereas seven springs have mean residence times greater than 1,000 years. We infer that the Panamint Range springs are extremely vulnerable to climate change due to their dependence on local recharge, disconnection from regional groundwater flow (Death Valley Regional Flow System - DVRFS), and relatively short mean residence times as compared with springs that are supported by the DVRFS (e.g., springs in Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge). In fact, four springs were not flowing during this campaign, yet they were flowing in the 1990s and 2000s.  相似文献   

西华井田环境水文地质特征分析与评价     

张西 《地下水》2015,(2)

在西华井田勘探基础上,利用水质分析测试资料,采用水质污染综合评价指数法,对该井田勘探区的水环境现状进行了评价。从评价结果看：地表水、浅层水及深层地下水全部符合生活饮用水标准,受污染程度轻,随矿区开采进程加剧,应加强对浅层地下水的管理及合理利用,避免矿井生产对水源带来污染。  相似文献   

资源一号02C卫星数据在北京岩溶水资源勘查评价工程中的应用   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

程洋  童立强  郭兆成  莫源富  纪轶群 《国土资源遥感》2015,(2):183-189

以资源一号02C(ZY1-02C)卫星数据为数据源,以GIS为数据处理平台,以遥感地质理论和水文地质理论为指导,将遥感技术应用于北京岩溶水资源勘查评价工程中。通过水文地质遥感解译和综合分析,优选了一处新的供水水源地,建立了适用于北方岩溶区的含水岩组和泉点的遥感解译标志,提出了基于GIS的水文地质分析方法,扩展了国产资源卫星数据的应用领域。  相似文献   

复合形进化重组方法在水文地质参数识别中的应用     

祝晓彬  吴吉春  吴剑锋 《地下水》2011,(6):112-116

水文地质逆问题和地下水资源管理模型的优化求解一直是水文地质学研究的一个热点.本文将复合形进化重组方法引入求解水文地质逆问题,通过一个测试函数对该方法的优化性能进行了检验,进而将该方法应用于水文地质参数的识别.比较复合形进化重组方法与遗传算法的计算结果表明,复合形进化重组方法具有很强的全局优化能力,是求解水文地质逆问题非...  相似文献   

Hydraulic subsurface measurements and hydrodynamic modelling as indicators for groundwater flow systems in the Rotondo granite,Central Alps (Switzerland)          下载免费PDF全文

U. S. Ofterdinger  Ph. Renard  S. Loew 《水文研究》2014,28(2):255-278

Regional groundwater flow in high mountainous terrain is governed by a multitude of factors such as geology, topography, recharge conditions, structural elements such as fracturation and regional fault zones as well as man‐made underground structures. By means of a numerical groundwater flow model, we consider the impact of deep underground tunnels and of an idealized major fault zone on the groundwater flow systems within the fractured Rotondo granite. The position of the free groundwater table as response to the above subsurface structures and, in particular, with regard to the influence of spatial distributed groundwater recharge rates is addressed. The model results show significant unsaturated zones below the mountain ridges in the study area with a thickness of up to several hundred metres. The subsurface galleries are shown to have a strong effect on the head distribution in the model domain, causing locally a reversal of natural head gradients. With respect to the position of the catchment areas to the tunnel and the corresponding type of recharge source for the tunnel inflows (i.e. glaciers or recent precipitation), as well as water table elevation, the influence of spatial distributed recharge rates is compared to uniform recharge rates. Water table elevations below the well exposed high‐relief mountain ridges are observed to be more sensitive to changes in groundwater recharge rates and permeability than below ridges with less topographic relief. In the conceptual framework of the numerical simulations, the model fault zone has less influence on the groundwater table position, but more importantly acts as fast flow path for recharge from glaciated areas towards the subsurface galleries. This is in agreement with a previous study, where the imprint of glacial recharge was observed in the environmental isotope composition of groundwater sampled in the subsurface galleries. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Hydrogeological investigation of karst system properties by common use of diverse methods: a case study of Lička Jesenica springs in Dinaric karst of Croatia     

Josip Terzić  Andrej Stroj  Tihomir Frangen 《水文研究》2012,26(21):3302-3311

Li?ka Jesenica is a sinking river situated in the Dinaric karst environment of the Lika region of Croatia. The two main karst springs, Veliko Vrelo and Malo Vrelo, provide the majority of Li?ka Jesenica's water. Because of the quality and abundance of the water they contain, these springs are strategically important to the public water supply. Previous knowledge regarding the springs` karst system has been negligible. Therefore, a bulk hydrogeological research program was conducted with the purposes of establishing protection zones and assessing the springs' water‐supply potential. The research work comprised the following methods: hydrogeological mapping, setting up of monitoring stations for evaluating discharge and water quality, time series analyses (hydrograph–chemograph), hydrochemical analyses, and geophysical surveys. The main results and conclusions of the research include the following: (i) confirmation that both springs drain a common aquifer; (ii) determination of the highly vulnerable nature of the karst systems; (iii) identification of the Veliko Vrelo Spring's more direct connection to the aquifer‐drainage system in comparison to the Malo Vrelo; (iv) estimation of the positions and depths of the springs` main feeding conduits; (v) confirmation of the extent of the geologically presumed catchment area; and (vi) finally, establishment of sanitary protection zones. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

合肥市生活垃圾处理项目续建工程水文地质工程地质勘察实录     

林宾  王小勇 《安徽地质》2007,17(3):203-207

合肥市生活垃圾处理项目是安徽省内规模最大的垃圾处理填埋场,工程区地质条件复杂,防渗设计要求严苛,经过工程地质水文地质测绘、钻(静)探、取样测试、地球物理勘探、原位测试、水文地质试验等综合手段勘察,取得了科学准确的参数,对建筑物的地基持力层的选择、设计参数、防渗处理等提出了经济合理的结论和建议,为优化设计、节省投资、安全施工奠定了基础,取得了良好的经济效益及社会效益,同时也积累了同类型项目在花岗岩地区复杂地质条件下的水文地质工程地质勘察经验.  相似文献   

我国页岩气资源及影响因素          下载免费PDF全文

史长营  王峰  秦娜  王辉 《山东国土资源》2014,30(4):58-61

在世界面临能源短缺的背景下,页岩气作为油气勘探的一个新领域,越来越得到世界各国的重视。我国页岩气资源丰富,许多盆地或地区具有页岩气大规模成藏的地质条件,对页岩气的研究显得尤为重要。该文介绍了我国页岩气资源储量、分布及开采面临的问题,概述了页岩气地质特征。在此基础上探讨了我国页岩气的影响因素,认为我国页岩气主要受有机碳含量、成熟度、裂缝的发育程度、地层压力的控制;页岩气与煤层气同属于非常规天然气,其赋存形态、成因类型、富集规律具有很多相似之处,因此可将页岩气与煤层气进行对比研究。  相似文献