全文获取类型
| 收费全文 | 66篇 |
| 免费 | 20篇 |
| 国内免费 | 3篇 |
专业分类
| 测绘学 | 1篇 |
| 大气科学 | 6篇 |
| 地球物理 | 34篇 |
| 地质学 | 33篇 |
| 自然地理 | 15篇 |
出版年
| 2023年 | 1篇 |
| 2022年 | 1篇 |
| 2021年 | 9篇 |
| 2020年 | 5篇 |
| 2019年 | 2篇 |
| 2018年 | 1篇 |
| 2017年 | 2篇 |
| 2016年 | 4篇 |
| 2015年 | 3篇 |
| 2014年 | 4篇 |
| 2013年 | 11篇 |
| 2012年 | 4篇 |
| 2011年 | 3篇 |
| 2010年 | 6篇 |
| 2009年 | 1篇 |
| 2008年 | 3篇 |
| 2007年 | 5篇 |
| 2006年 | 6篇 |
| 2005年 | 2篇 |
| 2004年 | 2篇 |
| 2003年 | 3篇 |
| 2002年 | 1篇 |
| 1998年 | 1篇 |
| 1997年 | 1篇 |
| 1996年 | 2篇 |
| 1992年 | 1篇 |
| 1990年 | 1篇 |
| 1989年 | 2篇 |
| 1987年 | 1篇 |
| 1984年 | 1篇 |
排序方式： 共有89条查询结果，搜索用时 15 毫秒
51.
平原河网区降雨径流污染负荷测算——以太湖流域望虞河西岸为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
如何精细量化降雨径流污染负荷是流域尺度实现面源精准治污全过程控制的重要前提.本研究以水污染较为严重的望虞河西岸综合示范区为例,通过开展不同土地利用类型的降雨观测实验,修正SCS-CN模型中的初损率,并基于土地利用类型遥感解译和降雨径流污染物浓度测定,精细刻画降雨径流中总磷(TP)、总氮(TN)、氨氮(NH3-N)、化学需氧量(COD) 4类主要污染物的时空分布格局.结果表明:研究区绿地和农田、硬质地表的降雨初损率分别为0.3和0.9;径流深、污染负荷与降雨深之间存在显著的正相关性.随着降雨量逐年递减,研究区降雨径流中TP、TN、NH3-N、COD四类污染物的负荷量分别从2017年的190、1359、445和16041 t减少至2019年的118、949、314和11250 t;单位面积TN和COD负荷最高的用地类型是农村住宅用地,草地的四种污染物单位面积负荷均最低,林地次之.相关研究结果为望虞河流域水污染控制提供了基础数据,也为定量测算平原河网区面源污染负荷提供了方法参考. 相似文献
52.
Jun Inaoka Ken'ichirou Kosugi Naoya Masaoka Tetsushi Itokazu Kimihito Nakamura 《水文研究》2020,34(26):5567-5579
Clarifying rainfall-runoff responses in mountainous areas is essential for disaster prediction as well as water resource management. Although runoff is considered to be significantly affected by topography, some previous studies have reported that geological structures also have significant effects on rainfall-runoff characteristics. Particularly in headwater catchments located in sedimentary rock mountains, dips and strikes may significantly affect rainwater discharge. In this study, the effects of geological structures on rainfall-runoff characteristics were investigated based on observed discharge hydrographs from 12 catchments, which lie radially from the summit of a sedimentary rock mountain. The results obtained were as follows: (1) Even though the topographic wetness index (TWI) distributions of the 12 catchments were similar, there were significant differences in their runoff characteristics; (2) Catchments with average flow direction oriented towards the strike direction (strike-oriented catchments) are characterized by large baseflows; (3) Catchments with average flow direction oriented towards the opposite dip direction (opposite dip-oriented catchments) are steep, and this results in quick storm runoff generation; (4) Catchments with average flow direction oriented toward the dip direction (dip-oriented catchments) are gentle, and this results in delayed storm runoff generation. It was presumed that in strike-oriented catchments, large quantities of groundwater flowing along the bedding planes owing to hydraulic anisotropy, exfiltrate and sustain the large amount of the observed baseflow, that is, in strike-oriented catchments, runoff is directly controlled by geological structures. Conversely, in opposite dip-oriented and dip-oriented catchments, runoff is indirectly controlled by geological structures, that is, geological structures affect slope gradients, which result in differences in storm runoff generation. Thus, this study clearly illustrates that geological structures significantly affect rainfall-runoff responses in headwater catchments located in sedimentary rock mountains. 相似文献
53.
Green stormwater infrastructure implementation in urban watersheds has outpaced our understanding of practice effectiveness on streamflow response to precipitation events. Long-term monitoring of experimental suburban watersheds in Clarksburg, Maryland, USA, provided an opportunity to examine changes in event-based streamflow metrics in two treatment watersheds that transitioned from agriculture to suburban development with a high density of infiltration-focused stormwater control measures (SCMs). Urban Treatment 1 has predominantly single family detached housing with 33% impervious cover and 126 SCMs. Urban Treatment 2 has a mix of single family detached and attached housing with 44% impervious cover and 219 SCMs. Differences in streamflow-event magnitude and timing were assessed using a before-after-control-reference-impact design to compare urban treatment watersheds with a forested control and an urban control with detention-focused SCMs. Streamflow and precipitation events were identified from 14 years of sub-daily monitoring data with an automated approach to characterize peak streamflow, runoff yield, runoff ratio, streamflow duration, time to peak, rise rate, and precipitation depth for each event. Results indicated that streamflow magnitude and timing were altered by urbanization in the urban treatment watersheds, even with SCMs treating 100% of the impervious area. The largest hydrologic changes were observed in streamflow magnitude metrics, with greater hydrologic change in Urban Treatment 2 compared with Urban Treatment 1. Although streamflow changes were observed in both urban treatment watersheds, SCMs were able to mitigate peak flows and runoff volumes compared with the urban control. The urban control had similar impervious cover to Urban Treatment 2, but Urban Treatment 2 had more than twice the precipitation depth needed to initiate a flow response and lower median peak flow and runoff yield for events less than 20 mm. Differences in impervious cover between the Urban Treatment watersheds appeared to be a large driver of differences in streamflow response, rather than SCM density. Overall, use of infiltration-focused SCMs implemented at a watershed-scale did provide enhanced attenuation of peak flow and runoff volumes compared to centralized-detention SCMs. 相似文献
54.
以淮河小柳巷水文站以上各支流组成的流域为研究对象,应用ESSI分布式水文模型对流域出口的年、月、日径流以及流域水文空间过程进行模拟以验证模型的适用性和模拟精度。选取合理的模型运行方案组合,以2001~2004年作为模型校准期,率定出模型参数,并用2006~2009年的实测水文数据进行模型验证。结果表明ESSI模型率定得到的参数在研究区具有一定的代表性,较为准确地概化描述了研究区的水文过程,在淮河流域中上游具有良好的适用性;此外,模拟的水文空间过程与淮河流域的客观规律相近,表明ESSI模型对各水文过程具有合理的描述和表达,为水资源的时空动态变化规律研究提供良好的模拟平台。 相似文献
55.
56.
随着太湖流域城镇化进程的加快,江南运河水文情势发生了明显变化。基于运河代表站水位资料、水利分区降雨资料、沿长江(江苏段)主要口门引排水量、出入太湖水量资料,采用Mann-Kendall趋势检验与突变检验法,对代表站水位进行了研究,并初步提出运河水文情势变化的可能原因。结果表明:(1)常州年最高水位及汛期5月、9月平均水位上升可能与湖西区四闸净引水量上升有关;而洛社与无锡(大)汛期5月、9月平均水位上升与武澄锡虞区沿长江(江苏段)口门净引水量显著上升有关,6月、7月、8月平均水位上升可能与地区涝水出路受阻导致原先入太湖的水量改为入运河有关;受张家港、十一圩闸、望虞闸引水及运河上游来水的共同影响,苏州(枫桥)亦出现水位同步上升的趋势。(2)运河代表站水位变异点主要发生在90年代中后期到21世纪初期,与太湖流域各省市陆续进入城镇化快速发展阶段的时间基本一致;同样的降雨,城镇化快速发展后的水位涨幅均明显高于城镇化快速发展前,以无锡(大)最明显。 相似文献
57.
58.
采用Elman动态神经网络对沂沭河流域上游临沂子流域口径流量进行模拟。为了更好地检验该网络估测径流的精度,同时采用陆面水文过程模型TOPX进行对比分析。确定性线系数、相关系数、平均相对误差和平均相对均方根误差四个统计指数及流域径流过程。结果表明,Elman动态神经网络能够对日径流量进行较好的模拟,较好地捕捉洪峰流量和出现时间,为降雨径流模拟提供了一种有效可靠的方法。 相似文献
59.
60.
Abstract The transformation of rainfall into runoff is one of the most important processes in hydrology. In the past few decades, a wide variety of automated or computer-based approaches have been applied to model this process. However, many such approaches have an important limitation in that they treat the rainfall-runoff process as a realization of only a few parameters of linear relationships rather than the process as a whole. What is required, therefore, is an approach that can capture not only the overall appearance but also the intricate details of the nonlinear behaviour of the process. The purpose of this study is to investigate the possibility of understanding the dynamics of the rainfall-runoff process from a new perspective, as a chaotic process. The possible existence of chaotic behaviour in the rainfall-runoff process is studied by investigating the rainfall and runoff time series: (a) separately; and (b) jointly (using the runoff coefficient). Monthly rainfall and runoff observed over a period of 131 years (January 1807-December 1937) at the Göta River basin in the south of Sweden are analysed. The correlation dimension method is employed to identify the presence of chaos. The correlation dimensions obtained for the rainfall and runoff time series are 6.4 and 5.5, respectively. The finite dimensions obtained for the rainfall and runoff time series indicate the possible existence of chaos in these processes, implying that the joint rainfall-runoff process might also exhibit chaotic behaviour. The correlation dimension of about 7.8 obtained for the runoff coefficient also indicates the possible presence of chaos and supports the above results. 相似文献