Comparative application of two erosion models to a basin     

V. HRISSANTHOU 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(2):279-292

Abstract

Two mathematical models were used to estimate the annual sediment yield resulting from rainfall and runoff at the outlet of the Nestos River basin (Toxotes, Thrace, Greece). The models were applied to that part of the Nestos River basin (838 km²) which lies downstream of three dams. Both models consist of three submodels: a simplified rainfall-runoff submodel, a physically-based surface erosion submodel and a sediment transport submodel for streams. The two models differ only in the surface erosion submodel: that of the first model is based on the relationships of Poesen (1985) for splash detachment and splash transport, while the corresponding submodel of the second model is based on the relationships of Schmidt (1992) for the momentum flux exerted by the droplets and the momentum flux exerted by the overland flow. The degree of conformity between the annual values of sediment yield at the basin outlet according to both models is satisfactory.  相似文献   

基于径流分类的流域降雨—径流过程动态神经网络建模     

邵月红  林柄章  刘永和 《地理科学》2012,(1):74-80

利用聚类分析,将径流序列分为不同类型的子径流序列,对这些子序列建立神经网络模型,采用Elman动态神经网络对沂沭河流域上游临沂子流域日径流量进行预测分析,通过与不加分类的总体神经网络的模拟结果进行对比分析。确定性系数、相关系数、平均相对误差和平均相对均方根误差4个统计指数及流域径流过程线和次洪误差分析结果都表明:Elman动态神经网络能够对日径流量进行较好模拟,但基于径流分类的降雨—径流模型表现出更优良性能,能较大程度提高径流模拟精度。  相似文献   

Modelling the effects of spatial and temporal resolution of rainfall and basin model on extreme river discharge     

MARTIJN J. BOOIJ 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(2):307-320

Abstract

Important characteristics of an appropriate river basin model, intended to study the effect of climate change on basin response, are the spatial and temporal resolution of the model and the rainfall input. The effects of input and model resolution on extreme discharge of a large river basin are assessed to give some indication on appropriate resolutions. A simple stochastic rainfall model and a river basin model with uniform parameters and multiple rainfall input have been developed and applied to the River Meuse basin in northwestern Europe. The results show that the effect of model resolution on extreme river discharge is much greater than that of input resolution. The highest model resolution seems to be quite accurate in determining extreme discharge. Although the results should be interpreted with caution, they may give some indication of appropriate input and model resolutions for the determination of extreme discharge of a large river basin.  相似文献   

The applicability of a parsimonious model for local and regional prediction of runoff     

G. DROGUE  T. LEVIANDIER  L. PFISTER  A. EL IDRISSI  J.-F. IFFLY  L. HOFFMANN 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(6):905-920

Abstract

The Hydrological Recursive Model (HRM), a conceptual rainfall-runoff model, was applied for local and regional simulation of hourly discharges in the transnational Alzette River basin (Luxembourg-France-Belgium). The model was calibrated for a range of various sub-basins with a view to analysing its ability to reproduce the variability of basin responses during flood generation. The regionalization of the model parameters was obtained by fitting simultaneously the runoff series of calibration sub-basins after their spatial discretization in lithological contrasting isochronal zones. The runoff simulations of the model agreed well with the recorded runoff series. Significant correlations with some basin characteristics and, noticeably, the permeability of geological formations, could be found for two of the four free model parameters. The goodness of fit for runoff predictions using the derived regional parameter set was generally satisfactory, particularly for the statistical characteristics of streamflow. A more physically-based modelling approach, or at least an explicit treatment of quick surface runoff, is expected to give better results for high peak discharge.  相似文献   

Development of a fuzzy logic-based rainfall-runoff model     

YESHEWATESFA HUNDECHA  ANDRAS BARDOSSY  HANS-WERNER WERNER 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(3):363-376

Abstract

Rainfall-runoff models are used to describe the hydrological behaviour of a river catchment. Many different models exist to simulate the physical processes of the relationship between precipitation and runoff. Some of them are based on simple and easy-to-handle concepts, others on highly sophisticated physical and mathematical approaches that require extreme effort in data input and handling. Recently, mathematical methods using linguistic variables, rather than conventional numerical variables applied extensively in other disciplines, are encroaching in hydrological studies. Among these is the application of a fuzzy rule-based modelling. In this paper an attempt was made to develop fuzzy rule-based routines to simulate the different processes involved in the generation of runoff from precipitation. These routines were implemented within a conceptual, modular, and semi-distributed model-the HBV model. The investigation involved determining which modules of this model could be replaced by the new approach and the necessary input data were identified. A fuzzy rule-based routine was then developed for each of the modules selected, and application and validation of the model was done on a rainfall-runoff analysis of the Neckar River catchment, in southwest Germany.  相似文献   

耦合融雪的分布式流域"降雨-径流"数值模型   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

黄金柏  王斌  桧谷治  山本晋一 《水科学进展》2012,23(2):194-199

针对中国对耦合融雪的"降雨-径流"过程数值计算模型方面的研究较少,本文联合应用能量平衡方程及运动波理论的基础方程式,结合GIS技术构建分布式流域耦合融雪的"降雨-径流"数值计算模型,并应用流域实测资料进行了有效性验证。研究结果表明:在不考虑融雪条件下,实测流量与计算结果之间存在着较大的误差;在考虑融雪条件下,实测流量与计算结果之间的误差在基准允许范围之内(小于3%);在积雪与融雪区,对流域"降雨-径流"过程的数值计算须考虑融雪。该研究为积雪融雪区提供了一种耦合融雪的"降雨-径流"过程数值计算的新方法。  相似文献   

Rainfall-runoff modeling for storm events in a coastal forest catchment using neural networks     

WANG Yi HE Bin 《成都理工学院学报》2008,35(1):68-73

The process of transformation of rainfall into runoff over a catchment is very complex and highly nonlinear and exhibits both temporal and spatial ＂variabilities, In this article, a rainfall-runoff model using the artificial neural networks （ANN） is proposed for simulating the runoff in storm events. The study uses the data from a coastal forest catchment, located in Seto Inland Sea, Japan, This article studies the accuracy of the short-term rainfall forecast obtained by ANN time-series analysis techniques and using antecedent rainfall depths and stream flow as the input information. The verification results from the proposed model indicate that the approach of ANN rainfall-runoff model presented in this paper shows a reasonable agreement in rainfall-runoff modeling with high accuracy,  相似文献   

基于径流系数的流域产流模型建立及检验          下载免费PDF全文

胡彩虹  李世豪  张文华  陈曦  王金星  吕林英 《水文》2016,36(5):8-13

降雨径流关系因其原理简单实用在实际洪水预报中应用广泛,但一直以来是经验推算。在阐述降雨径流关系的基础上,构建了基于径流系数的流域产流模型,并确定了径流系数的计算公式。将该模型应用在伊河流域的东湾站、沙颍河流域的官寨站以及灌河鲇鱼山站等控制流域的径流预报中,结果表明,模型在3个流域的预报合格率均达到了乙级以上作业预报要求。该模型简单实用,计算步骤可行,并易于程序化,可进一步推广应用。  相似文献   

潮河上游降水- 径流关系演变及 人类活动的影响分析   总被引：15，自引：2，他引：15  

孙宁  李秀彬  冉圣洪  李子君 《地理科学进展》2007,26(5):41-47

以潮河密云水库上游流域为研究对象, 利用双累积曲线将1961~2005 年期间年降水- 径 流关系演变划分为三个阶段: 1961~1978, 1979~1993, 1994~2005。第二和第三阶段相对第一阶段 而言, 平均年径流有较大幅度的减少, 年径流对降水的响应程度在减弱。与此相对应, 进入1980 年代后, 流域内的人类活动强度在增加, 主要表现为小水库、塘坝等水利设施的大规模建成并投 入使用, 以及农垦和造林等土地利用活动导致耕地和林地面积的增加。人类活动使得流域总蒸发 和入渗增加, 从而改变水量平衡, 径流对降水的响应变得迟缓, 减少流域总径流; 不同降水年型降 水- 径流的关系表现出很大差异, 人类活动对枯水年份年径流的影响相对较大。  相似文献   

流域降雨径流时间序列的混沌识别及其预测研究进展   总被引：38，自引：2，他引：38       下载免费PDF全文

黄国如  芮孝芳 《水科学进展》2004,15(2):255-260

混沌和随机在本质上是两种不同的特征,对这两种特征的描述方法各不相同,确定流域降雨径流时间序列的混沌性和随机性是对其进行模拟和预测的重要基础。近10多年来,许多学者相继开展了流域降雨径流时间序列的混沌识别及其预测研究。着重回顾其中最为重要的相空间重构、混沌识别和混沌预测方法,对将混沌理论应用于降雨径流时间序列的限制条件(序列的数据量大小和数据噪声)也进行了探讨。  相似文献