雷达雨量计资料用于径流模拟     

刘晓阳  毛节泰  朱元竞  李纪人 《大气科学进展》2003,20(2):213-218

利用测雨雷达结合稠密和稀疏雨量站网估计流域降水分布，将不同方法获得的降水分布输入降水径流模型TOPMODEL，模拟1998，1999夏季GAME／HUBEX试验区梅山和鲇鱼山集水区的径流，并与实测径流进行比较和分析，结果表明：1)雷达结合集水区内雨量计网模拟径流的精度优于传统的用稠密雨量计网模拟径流的精度；2)利用雷达结合集水区外相对稀疏的雨量计网模拟径流的精度和用集水区内稠密雨量计网模拟径流的精度相当，显示了测雨雷达在径流模拟和洪水预报中极大的应用潜力。  相似文献   

水文实验求是传统水文概念——纪念中国水文流域研究50年、滁州水文实验20年   总被引：6，自引：4，他引：6       下载免费PDF全文

顾慰祖  陆家驹  唐海行  王全九 《水科学进展》2003,14(3):368-378

回顾了径流实验研究50年来的曲折历程.对于建立实验水文学和相应的实验水文系统作了概述.列举了使用环境同位素所得到的若干初步结果,用以说明通过实验研究对于传统水文概念进行订正是必要的也是有效的.建议恢复径流实验研究,并就其方向、策略等问题在以往经验教训的基础上作了讨论.  相似文献   

利用SWMM模型模拟岩溶峰丛洼地系统降雨径流过程——以桂林丫吉试验场为例   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

章程  蒋勇军  Lian Yan-qing  袁道先  裴建国  姜光辉  汪进良 《水文地质工程地质》2007,34(3):10-14

文章以桂林丫吉试验场为例,验证是否可以利用SWMM模型模拟以管道为主的岩溶峰丛洼地系统降雨径流过程。以洼地为单元,把研究区概化为由管道相连的6个次级汇水流域,选择Green-Amp入渗计算方法,同时考虑包气带裂隙水对管道的补给,运行SWMM模型计算出研究区管道总出口S31泉的流量曲线。结果显示：模拟流量变化过程与实测流量变化过程基本一致。说明该模型可以用来模拟岩溶峰丛洼地地区降雨径流过程。经验证,模拟时段内S31泉总量相对误差为19.1%。  相似文献   

Indoor imitation experimental study on driving factors of rainfall-runoff process     

ZHANG Shifeng  LIU Changming  XIA Jun  TAN Ge  LI Lin  LIU Caitang  ZHOU Changqing & GUO Lei . Institute of Geographic Sciences  Natural Resources Research  Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing  China  . College of Water Resources  Hydropower Engineering  Wuhan University  Wuhan  China 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2005,48(3):417-428

The driving actions are varied during the rain-fall-runoff process in a catchment. The impacts on therunoff process, caused by human activities or climatechange, can be attributed to two aspects: the charac-teristics of rainfall process and ground pad changes.To clarify their impacts on hydrological cycle is thefoundation of mechanism research of scientific hy-drology. So far, all of the research results, domestic andabroad, indicate that the advances on the understand-ing of hydrologica…  相似文献   

黄河流域水文设计成果修订研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

刘红珍  李保国  张学成  王鹏  慕平  李海荣 《水文》2019,39(2):81-85

将黄河流域主要控制站/区间的降雨、径流、洪水资料系列延长至2010年并分析其变化特点,在对实测径流还原的基础上,通过降雨径流关系变化分析下垫面变化对径流系列一致性影响,并采用多种方法进行一致性处理,提出3种下垫面情景的天然径流系列并推荐近期I下垫面情景的黄河设计径流成果。分析了影响洪水一致性的因素,对主要影响因素进行还原,对影响黄河中下游常遇洪水量级的因素进行还现,提出黄河流域各站天然设计洪水及中游现状下垫面5年一遇及以下设计洪水。  相似文献   

城市水文单元雨洪监测与模拟研究——以清华大学校园为例          下载免费PDF全文

向晨瑶  刘家宏  王浩  邵薇薇 《水文》2017,37(4):12-17

城市内涝问题进一步突显了城市水文循环研究的重要性。基于地表建筑、地下管道、雨水工程等资料,基于SWMM建立了清华大学校园雨洪模拟模型,根据2015年5月10日和2012年7月21日两场降雨事件的实测资料,进行了清华大学校园水文过程精细模拟,用道路积水深度率定验证模型。模拟结果表明:(1)集水区下垫面透水性强弱不同时,产流过程仍十分相似,最大洪峰发生时间相同;(2)绿化带削减洪量的作用显著,不透水面积越大的地方越容易发生街道积水;(3)道路水深对降雨强度响应敏感,低强度降雨事件中,道路积水表现出0.5~1h的滞后。  相似文献   

基于栅格的分布式降雨径流模拟系统及应用   总被引：6，自引：5，他引：1  

都金康  谢顺平  罗维佳  许有鹏 《地理科学》2006,26(1):58-63

研制了一套基于栅格的分布式降雨径流模拟系统,利用流域地形、土壤、土地利用等空间数据和水文气象数据,可以进行流域特征提取、空间数据内插、降雨径流模拟及计算结果的三维动态显示和统计。通过在黄土岭流域的应用,说明该系统具有较好的模拟降雨径流过程的能力,而且使用方便。  相似文献   

Characterizing stream temperature hysteresis in forested headwater streams     

Lorrayne Miralha  Austin D. Wissler  Catalina Segura  Kevin D. Bladon 《水文研究》2023,37(1):e14795

Stream temperature (T_s) is a key water quality parameter that controls several biological, ecological, and chemical processes in aquatic systems. In forested headwaters, exchanges of energy across air-water-streambed interfaces may influence T_s regimes, especially during storm events as the sources of runoff change over space and time. Analysis of the hysteretic behaviour of T_s during storm events may provide insights into rainfall-runoff responses, but such relationships have not been thoroughly investigated. As such, our objectives were to (a) quantify the variability of stream temperature hysteresis across seasons in different sub-regions and (b) investigate the relationship between the hysteretic response and catchment characteristics. T_s hysteresis during storm events was assessed based on the hysteresis index (HI), which describes the directionality of hysteresis loops, and the temperature response index (TRI), which indicates whether T_s increased or decreased during a storm event. We analysed T_s data from 10 forested headwater reaches in two sub-regions (McGarvey and West Fork Tectah) in Northern California. We also performed a clustering analysis to examine the relationship amongst HI, TRI, topographic metrics, and meteorological characteristics of the study areas. Overall, the hysteretic behaviour of T_s varied across seasons—the greatest HI occurred during spring and summer. Interestingly, in the McGarvey streams the variability in T_s hysteresis co-varied strongly with topographic metrics (i.e., upslope accumulative area, average channel slope, topographic wetness index). Comparatively, in West Fork Tectah the variability of T_s hysteresis co-varied most strongly with meteorological metrics (i.e., antecedent rainfall events, solar radiation, and air temperature). Variables such as the gradient between stream and air temperatures, slope, and wetted width were significant for both sub-regional hysteretic patterns. We posit that the drivers of T_s response during storms are likely dependent on catchment physiographic characteristics. Our study also illustrated the potential utility of stream temperature as a tracer for improving the understanding of hydrologic connectivity and shifts in the dominant runoff contributions to streamflow during storm events.  相似文献   

基于土壤墒情抗差的降雨径流预报模型——设计与实验流域应用          下载免费PDF全文

沈丹丹  包为民  江鹏  张阳  费如君 《湖泊科学》2017,29(6):1510-1519

本文旨在将实时监测得到的土壤墒情转化为流域水文模型可以直接使用的土壤含水量,论证将实时土壤墒情资料用于实时预报的可行性;利用实时监测土壤墒情,改进传统的模型结构,设计基于实测土壤墒情的降雨径流水文预报模型.采用土壤含水量误差抗差估计技术以抵御观测资料粗差的影响,提高系统的稳定性;并在此基础上提出了土壤含水量系统响应修正方法,以提高模型计算精度.将该模型应用于实验流域——宝盖洞流域进行应用检验,洪水模拟合格率达到92.3%,整体模拟精度达到甲级.  相似文献