全文获取类型
收费全文 | 76篇 |
免费 | 3篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 4篇 |
大气科学 | 1篇 |
地球物理 | 18篇 |
地质学 | 26篇 |
海洋学 | 17篇 |
天文学 | 7篇 |
自然地理 | 6篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 1篇 |
2022年 | 1篇 |
2021年 | 1篇 |
2020年 | 4篇 |
2018年 | 2篇 |
2017年 | 3篇 |
2016年 | 2篇 |
2015年 | 2篇 |
2013年 | 3篇 |
2012年 | 1篇 |
2011年 | 3篇 |
2010年 | 4篇 |
2009年 | 8篇 |
2008年 | 4篇 |
2007年 | 1篇 |
2006年 | 2篇 |
2005年 | 2篇 |
2004年 | 1篇 |
2003年 | 1篇 |
2002年 | 2篇 |
2001年 | 2篇 |
2000年 | 1篇 |
1998年 | 2篇 |
1997年 | 2篇 |
1996年 | 1篇 |
1993年 | 1篇 |
1991年 | 2篇 |
1989年 | 1篇 |
1986年 | 2篇 |
1982年 | 5篇 |
1981年 | 1篇 |
1980年 | 3篇 |
1979年 | 2篇 |
1977年 | 1篇 |
1976年 | 1篇 |
1974年 | 3篇 |
1966年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有79条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
61.
Geochemistry and petrogenesis of Proterozoic diabase in the southern Death Valley region of California 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Janet G. Hammond 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1986,93(3):312-321
Diabase sills and dikes of Proterozoic age intrude crystalline basement and the overlying Crystal Spring Formation in the southern Death Valley region of California. Despite pervasive deuteric alteration, analyses of relict plagioclase (An66-45), titaniferous augite, and ilmenite permit the calculation of initial crystallization temperatures of 1,165±25° C for plagioclase and 1,110±25° C for augite with an oxygen fugacity of 10–11 atm. The early crystallization of plagioclase is consistent with the generally subophitic texture of the diabase.Geochemical arguments show that deuteric alteration has had little effect on the whole rock chemistry which has a mildly alkaline, transitional character. Mathematical models support the interpretation that chemical variations are principally the result of flow differentiation. Also, about 15 to 25% olivine or augite may have fractionated from the melt prior to intrusion. The mildly LREE enriched composition (normalized La/Yb=4.27 to 6.13) is best modelled by a 5% melt fraction from a moderately LREE-enriched source. Melt derived from a model garnet peridotite with accessory amphibole is compatible with the observed major and trace element chemistry. The diabase is compositionally akin to other middle Proterozoic basaltic rocks in North America which formed in extensional settings, and it is interpreted as a manifestation of widespread extensional tectonism. 相似文献
62.
Carbon and sulfur isotope ratios and total sulfur content are used to correlate beach tars depositing near Los Angeles with their probable sources. Analysis is confined strictly to the asphaltene fraction of petroleum owing to the insensitivity of this fraction to weathering processes.The δ13C, δ34S and % S of the asphaltene fraction of natural offshore seep oils range from ?22.51 to ?23.20%., +7.75 to + 15.01%. and 4.45 to 8.27%, respectively. Values for local offshore production wells overlapped those for the natural seepage, ranging from ?22.10 to ?22.85%., ?2.96 to 13.90%., and 0.81 to 8.00%. Analytical values for these parameters show that tanker crudes imported into the area are not similar to the California oils. Analysis of the same parameters in beach tars collected during 1976–1977 indicates a close match with the potential source oils, thus it is concluded that these parameters are useful for identifying petroleum sources, even after 2–4 weeks of weathering. Results indicate that 55% of the tars in Santa Monica Bay are derived from natural oil seepage 150km to the northwest at Coal Oil Point, 26% are derived from natural oil seepage in Santa Monica Bay, and 19% are derived from unknown sources.Models of tar transport are inferred which are consistent with the seasonal deposition pattern. Tar from Coal Oil Point natural oil seeps is transported southward in the southern California gyre during the spring, summer and fall seasons, but probably undergoes northward transport during the winter season due to the surfacing of the Davidson Current. Tar from the Santa Monica Bay natural oil seeps moves onshore, but deposition rate seems to depend on seepage flow rate. 相似文献
63.
The calculation of the statistical counting error for alpha-scintillation counting of222Rn is complicated by the fact that two of the short-lived daughter products of222Rn are alpha emitters. All observed daughter-product counts attributable to parent decays that have already been detected must be excluded in the calculation of this error. An equation is derived which takes this into consideration. 相似文献
64.
John J. Naughton Virginia A. Lewis Dale Hammond Daniel Nishimoto 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1974,38(11):1679-1690
During 1970, it was occasionally feasible to collect sublimate from directly above the lava fountain in the crater of Mauna Ulu on the east rift zone of Kilauea Volcano, when the level of the lava pool had dropped within the crater. Collecting equipment was suspended down the steep wall to a position above the fountain. Collections were made on quartz wool held within open-ended quartz tubes and, for silica detection, on stainless steel wool in a stainless steel tube. The main components in the sublimate were, in order of decreasing concentration for the best sample, Na, Ca, Al, Fe, Mg, K, B, Si, Ti, Zn, H+, NH4+, Cu, Ni in the form of sulfates, chlorides and fluorides.In order to investigate the forms in which the sublimate ions occur under different conditions of temperature and oxidation, the equilibrium compositions of the compounds most likely to be present were calculated. This was done for those important components for which thermodynamic data are available, using a computer program to calculate the minimum free energy for the mixture. The results indicate that, for primary conditions of high temperature and low oxygen partial pressure, the halides were the most likely form of the metallic compounds. Particulate sulfates appear under increasing oxidizing conditions caused by the access of air. These conclusions were reinforced by collections made from holes drilled through the thin crust of a lava lake formed during the same eruption. 相似文献
65.
66.
Graham A. Sexstone Jessica M. Driscoll Lauren E. Hay John C. Hammond Theodore B. Barnhart 《水文研究》2020,34(11):2365-2380
The spatial variability of snow water equivalent (SWE) can exert a strong influence on the timing and magnitude of snowmelt delivery to a watershed. Therefore, the representation of sub-grid or sub-watershed snow variability in hydrologic models is important for accurately simulating snowmelt dynamics and runoff response. The U.S. Geological Survey National Hydrologic Model infrastructure with the precipitation-runoff modelling system (NHM-PRMS) represents the sub-grid variability of SWE with snow depletion curves (SDCs), which relate snow-covered area to watershed-mean SWE during the snowmelt period. The main objective of this research was to evaluate the sensitivity of simulated runoff to SDC representation within the NHM-PRMS across the continental United States (CONUS). SDCs for the model experiment were derived assuming a range of SWE coefficient of variation values and a lognormal probability distribution function. The NHM-PRMS was simulated at a daily time step for each SDC over a 14-year period. Results highlight that increasing the sub-grid snow variability (by changing the SDC) resulted in a consistently slower snowmelt rate and longer snowmelt duration when averaged across the hydrologic response unit scale. Simulated runoff was also found to be sensitive to SDC representation, as decreases in simulated snowmelt rate by 1 mm day−1 resulted in decreases in runoff ratio by 1.8% on average in snow-dominated regions of the CONUS. Simulated decreases in runoff associated with slower snowmelt rates were approximately inversely proportional to increases in simulated evapotranspiration. High snow persistence and peak SWE:annual precipitation combined with a water-limited dryness index was associated with the greatest runoff sensitivity to changing snowmelt. Results from this study highlight the importance of carefully parameterizing SDCs for hydrologic modelling. Furthermore, improving model representation of snowmelt input variability and its relation to runoff generation processes is shown to be an important consideration for future modelling applications. 相似文献
67.
Lev J. Spivak‐Birndorf Audrey Bouvier Gretchen K. Benedix Samantha Hammond Gregory A. Brennecka Kieren Howard Nick Rogers Meenakshi Wadhwa Philip A. Bland Pavel Spurný Martin C. Towner 《Meteoritics & planetary science》2015,50(5):958-975
Bunburra Rockhole is a unique basaltic achondrite that has many mineralogical and petrographic characteristics in common with the noncumulate eucrites, but differs in its oxygen isotope composition. Here, we report a study of the mineralogy, petrology, geochemistry, and chronology of Bunburra Rockhole to better understand the petrogenesis of this meteorite and compare it to the eucrites. The geochemistry of bulk samples and of pyroxene, plagioclase, and Ca‐phosphate in Bunburra Rockhole is similar to that of typical noncumulate eucrites. Chronological data for Bunburra Rockhole indicate early formation, followed by slow cooling and perhaps multiple subsequent heating events, which is also similar to some noncumulate eucrites. The 26Al‐26Mg extinct radionuclide chronometer was reset in Bunburra Rockhole after the complete decay of 26Al, but a slight excess in the radiogenic 26Mg in a bulk sample allows the determination of a model 26Al‐26Mg age that suggests formation of the parent melt for this meteorite from its source magma within the first ~3 Ma of the beginning of the solar system. The 207Pb‐206Pb absolute chronometer is also disturbed in Bunburra Rockhole minerals, but a whole‐rock isochron provides a re‐equilibration age of ~4.1 Ga, most likely caused by impact heating. The mineralogy, geochemistry, and chronology of Bunburra Rockhole demonstrate the similarities of this achondrite to the eucrites, and suggest that it formed from a parent melt with a composition similar to that for noncumulate eucrites and subsequently experienced a thermal history and evolution comparable to that of eucritic basalts. This implies the formation of multiple differentiated parent bodies in the early solar system that had nearly identical bulk elemental compositions and petrogenetic histories, but different oxygen isotope compositions inherited from the solar nebula. 相似文献
68.
Silke Severmann James McManus Douglas E. Hammond 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2010,74(14):3984-7276
Benthic iron fluxes from sites along the Oregon-California continental shelf determined using in situ benthic chambers, range from less than 10 μmol m−2 d−1 to values in excess of ∼300 μmol m−2 d−1. These fluxes are generally greater than previously published iron fluxes for continental shelves contiguous with the open ocean (as opposed to marginal seas, bays, or estuaries) with the highest fluxes measured in the regions around the high-sediment discharge Eel River and the Umpqua River. These benthic iron fluxes do not covary with organic carbon oxidation rates in any systematic fashion, but rather seem to respond to variations in bottom water oxygen and benthic oxygen demand. We hypothesize that the highest rates of benthic iron efflux are driven, in part, by the greater availability of reactive iron deposited along these river systems as compared to other more typical continental margin settings. Bioirrigation likely plays an important role in the benthic Fe flux in these systems as well. However, the influence of bottom water oxygen concentrations on the iron flux is significant, and there appears to be a threshold in dissolved oxygen (∼60-80 μM), below which sediment-ocean iron exchange is enhanced. The isotope composition of this shelf-derived benthic iron is enriched in the lighter isotopes, and appears to change by ∼3‰ (δ56Fe) during the course of a benthic chamber experiment with a mean isotope composition of −2.7 ± 1.1‰ (2 SD, n = 9) by the end of the experiment. This average value is slightly heavier than those from two high benthic Fe flux restricted basins from the California Borderland region where δ56Fe is −3.4 ± 0.4‰ (2 SD, n = 3). These light iron isotope compositions support previous ideas, based on sediment porewater analyses, suggesting that sedimentary iron reduction fractionates iron isotopes and produces an isotopically light iron pool that is transferred to the ocean water column. In sum, our data suggest that continental shelves may export a higher efflux of iron than previously hypothesized, with the likelihood that along river-dominated margins, the benthic iron flux could well be orders of magnitude larger than non-river dominated shelves. The close proximity of the continental shelf benthos to the productive surface ocean means that this flux is likely to be essential for maintaining ecosystem micronutrient supply. 相似文献
69.
Route-based road weather forecasting is increasingly becoming the standard methodology for winter maintenance decision making (i.e. whether or not to salt the road network) by the highway industry in the UK. Route-based forecasting requires, for the first time, the accuracy of forecasts around routes and away from sensor sites to be verified. This is essential so that end users have confidence in the models’ ability to accurately predict road surface temperature at every point around their road network. A new methodology for verifying route-based forecasts is proposed that uses clustering techniques to create clusters of forecast points with similar geographical and infrastructure characteristics. This facilitates the analysis of forecast statistics at the cluster level, which is found to improve statistical assessment of model performance since verification can be achieved at a much higher resolution than the current methodology allows. Furthermore, verification of the full spatial extent of a route-based forecast can be achieved with fewer forecast points since the majority of thermal variations around the road network are well represented by the clustering solutions. A new sampling strategy is proposed that potentially enables verification at the full spatial and temporal resolution. 相似文献
70.
Timur Hammond 《Urban geography》2013,34(7):1039-1054
Istanbul’s Taksim Square has long been a place from which people have envisioned the city and the nation. As such, it has a long history of architectural interventions. This essay describes three new interventions as they appeared in July2018, two years after the failed coup attempt of 15July2016: a municipal complex commemorating the resistance to the coup attempt; the juxtaposition of a memorial photo exhibit and the void of the Atatürk Culture Center; and the rapid construction of the Taksim Mosque. Drawing on conceptualizations of landscape and scholarship on Taksim Square’s contested meanings, this paper utilizes the “politics of perspective” as an analytical lens to examine how authorities are attempting to create anew way of seeing in the city. I argue that this project has acquired a new character in the aftermath of the coup attempt, placing viewers within the landscape rather than outside it. 相似文献