Trends in particulate matter and its chemical compositions in China from 2013–2017     

Wang  Yuesi  Li  Wenjie  Gao  Wenkang  Liu  Zirui  Tian  Shili  Shen  Rongrong  Ji  Dongsheng  Wang  Shuai  Wang  Lili  Tang  Guiqian  Song  Tao  Cheng  Mengtian  Wang  Gehui  Gong  Zhengyu  Hao  Jiming  Zhang  Yuanhang 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2019,62(12):1857-1871

Accurate determination of the atmospheric particulate matter mass concentration and chemical composition is helpful in exploring the causes and sources of atmospheric enthalpy pollution and in evaluating the rationality of environmental air quality control strategies.Based on the sampling and chemical composition data of PM_(2.5) in different key regions of China in the CARE-China observation network,this research analyzes the environmental air quality data released by the China National Environmental Monitoring Centre during the studied period to determine the changes in the particulate matter mass concentration in key regions and the evolution of the corresponding chemical compositions during the implementation of the Action Plan for Prevention and Control of Air Pollution from 2013-2017.The results show the following.(1) The particulate matter mass concentration in China showed a significant downward trend;however,the PM_(2.5) annual mass concentration in 64% of cities exceeds the New Chinese Ambient Air Quality Standard(CAAQS) Grade Ⅱ(GB3095-2012).The region to the east of the Taihang Mountains,the Fenhe and Weihe River Plain and the Urumqi-Changji regions in Xinjiang,all have PM_(2.5) concentration loading that is still high,and heavy haze pollution occurred frequently in the autumn and winter.(2) During the heavy pollution in the autumn and winter,the concentrations of sulfate and organic components decreased significantly.The mean SO_4~(2-) concentration in PM_(2.5) decreased by 76%,12%,81% and 38% in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei(BTH),the Pearl River Delta(PRD),the Sichuan-Chongqing region(SC) and the Fenhe and Weihe River Plain,respectively.The mean organic matter(OM) concentration decreased by 70%,44%,48% and 31%,respectively,and the mean concentration of NH_4~+ decreased by 68%,1.6%,38% and 25%,respectively.The mean elemental carbon(EC) concentration decreased by 84% and 20% in BTH and SC,respectively,and it increased by 61% and 11% in the PRD and Fenhe and Weihe River Plain,respectively.The mean concentration of mineral and unresolved chemical components(MI) dropped by 70%,24% and 13% in BTH,the PRD and the Fenhe and Weihe River Plain,respectively.The change in the PM_(2.5) chemical composition is consistent with the decrease of the PM_(2.5)mass concentration.(3) In 2015,the mean OM concentration contributions to fine particles and coarse particles were 13-46%and 46-57%,respectively,and the mean MI concentration contributions to fine particles and coarse and particles were 31-60%and 39-73%,respectively;these values are lower than the 2013 values from the key regions,which is the most important factor behind the decrease of the particulate matter mass concentration.From 2013 to 2015,among the chemical components of different particle size fractions,the peak value of the coarse particle size fraction decreased significantly,and the fine particle size fractions of SO_4~(2-),NO_3~-,and NH_4~+ decreased with the decrease of the particulate matter mass concentration in different particle size fractions.The fine-particle size peaks of SO_4~(2-),NO_3~-and NH_4~+ shifted from 0.65-1.1μm to the finer size range of0.43-0.65 μm during the same time frame.  相似文献   

流域土地利用/覆被变化的水文效应及洪水响应   总被引：18，自引：1，他引：17  

万荣荣  杨桂山 《湖泊科学》2004,16(3):258-264

干旱与洪涝灾害已成为全球关心的重大问题.土地利用/覆被变化影响雨水的截留、下渗、蒸发等水文要素及其产汇流过程,并进而影响流域出口断面的流量过程,加大流域洪涝灾害发生的频率和强度.深入研究土地利用/覆被变化对洪涝灾害的影响,对于社会经济可持续发展具重要意义.通过分析和总结已进行的有关流域土地利用/覆被变化的水文效应及洪水响应研究工作进展,讨论了其研究内容、方法及现有工作的不足之处.  相似文献   

梵净山西麓古茶树立地岩-土系统地球化学特征分析     

吴榕榕 《地质与勘探》2020,56(5):955-968

以梵净山西麓印江县紫薇镇古茶树立地剖面上的岩石和土壤为研究对象,使用ICP-MS和ICP-AES测定21种元素的含量,分析古茶树立地岩石-土壤系统的地球化学特征,以期为印江县古茶树保护及开发提供科学依据。结果表明：古茶树生长地岩石-土壤系统的主量、微量和重金属元素富集程度低（EF <3）,受人为因素影响程度小,可为古茶树提供安全的生长环境。其中主量元素K和Al在岩石-土壤系统中含量丰富,Ca、Mg、Na元素含量较少,符合茶树喜钾嫌钙的生理特征;微量元素在岩石-土壤系统中含量变化均匀,但与地球化学丰度值和中国土壤背景值相比,其含量较少;重金属元素含量均低于无公害农产品种植业产地环境条件限定值。同时研究发现该岩土系统中Se元素含量丰富,可为当地发展富硒茶提供参考。  相似文献   

海岸带土地利用格局演化及多情景开发模拟¬——以宁波市为例     

应超  李加林  钟捷  赵蓉蓉  陈宇昕  甘付兵 《海洋通报》2024,(2):289-300

海岸带土地在高强度开发下变化显著,明确其演化规律和驱动因子,为优化土地利用结构和合理利用海岸带资源提供重要依据。基于1990－2020年7期土地利用数据,利用土地利用强度指数、地理探测器模型等方法,分析宁波市海岸带土地利用格局演变特征及驱动因子;同时利用CA-Markov模型对2025年和2030年宁波市海岸带土地利用格局进行模拟。结果表明：（1）宁波市海岸带土地利用类型主要为林地和耕地,土地利用格局演化明显,其中耕地面积不断减少,林地、草地、水域和未利用地面积发生小幅度动荡,建设用地面积快速增长。（2）宁波市海岸带土地利用强度不断增加,研究区北部增长趋势明显,而南部增长速度缓慢。（3）地形和坡度是影响宁波市海岸带土地利用变化的主要自然因素,但影响程度不断减弱;GDP密度和人口密度是主要社会经济影响因素,影响强度逐渐增强;因子间交互作用类型主要为双因子增强和非线性增强,社会经济因子与自然因素中的海拔和坡度交互作用最为强烈。（4）未来宁波市海岸带土地利用变化剧烈区域将集中于杭州湾南岸、象山县东北部和宁海县南部,生态保护情景能最大程度保持土地利用结构稳定,有效缓解人地矛盾。  相似文献   

电子商务专业村空间格局演化及影响因素研究——基于2015—2020年中国淘宝村数据     

王明杰  颜梓晗  余斌  卓蓉蓉  郭新伟 《地理科学进展》2022,41(5):838-853

电子商务专业村是数字经济时代中国农村产业转型升级的新模式。论文基于2015—2020年全国淘宝村空间数据,采用GIS空间分析和地理探测器等方法探求电子商务专业村的空间格局及演化特征,揭示不同影响因素作用机理。结果表明：① 淘宝村总体空间分布格局与中国基本地理格局高度吻合,时空演化呈现由中心向外围逐渐扩散特征;② 淘宝村呈现显著的空间集聚特征,空间集聚强度逐年增强,高强度集聚范围逐年扩大,华北平原传统农区出现高强度淘宝村集聚区;③ 淘宝村呈现显著的空间聚类分异特征,空间聚类区分布相对稳定,高—高(HH)集聚区集中分布在苏南、浙江、福建的泉州、莆田和潮汕揭城市群;④ 各影响因素对淘宝村空间格局演化具有不同的解释强度,产业基础和区位条件是高作用影响因子,政府行为影响力稳步上升,社会经济影响呈“U”型变化态势,三级影响因素中第一产业增加值、农村常住人口的影响程度呈下降趋势。研究结果对推进电子商务专业村发展、深化专业村发展理论、助力乡村振兴具有重要的理论意义和实践价值。  相似文献   

关于审批证照数据库建设的初步探讨     

汪荣荣  高峰  张伟伟 《测绘与空间地理信息》2021,44(5):99-100

自然资源审批证照数据库是支撑审批政务运行的重要基础数据,通过审批证照数据库的建设,形成自然资源"审批一张图",实现以图查证,有利于提高审批服务质量,推进"最多跑一次"改革.本文以宁波的审批证照建设为实例,阐述技术路线,促进审批证照管理规范化.  相似文献   

Modelling potential hydrological impact of abandoned underground mines in the Monday Creek Watershed,Ohio     

Rongrong Wan  Desheng Liu  Darla K. Munroe  Shanshan Cai 《水文研究》2013,27(25):3607-3616

Abandoned underground mines (AUM) have caused dramatic environmental effects that are closely linked to regional sustainability. This paper explores the potential hydrological impact of AUM in the Monday Creek Watershed, a typically mined area in Appalachian region, using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT 2005) model and Sequential Uncertainty Fitting (SUFI‐2), calibrated at both the global and local scales. The locally calibrated model better incorporates those key parameters relevant to AUM for specific sub‐basins and hydrologic response units. Data from the years 2003–2004 were used for calibration and 2005–2006 for validation. The results were quite satisfactory; both the coefficient of determination (R²) and the Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency statistic were over 0.80. The potential influences of AUM were assessed by modelling an alternative scenario assuming no AUM for the period 2003–2009. Results show that the hydrological process of lateral subsurface flow plays a dominant role in linking AUM to overall watershed hydrology. The potential hydrological impact of AUM is an increased annual lateral flow of 82.1%, and a decrease in annual surface flow by 15%, leading to an increase of 16.9% in annual water yield for the Monday Creek Watershed. The seasonal fluctuation of water yield has a similar trend to lateral flow, decreasing from March to August and increasing from August to January. Higher volume, higher flow peaks and higher recession constants characterized the hydrograph of daily streamflow from AUM. The results indicate that more emphasis should be put on lateral flow for further study of acid mine drainage and flooding control in those watersheds with AUM. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

An adaptive compromise programming method for multi-objective path optimization     

Rongrong Li  Yee Leung  Hui Lin  Bo Huang 《Journal of Geographical Systems》2013,15(2):211-228

Network routing problems generally involve multiple objectives which may conflict one another. An effective way to solve such problems is to generate a set of Pareto-optimal solutions that is small enough to be handled by a decision maker and large enough to give an overview of all possible trade-offs among the conflicting objectives. To accomplish this, the present paper proposes an adaptive method based on compromise programming to assist decision makers in identifying Pareto-optimal paths, particularly for non-convex problems. This method can provide an unbiased approximation of the Pareto-optimal alternatives by adaptively changing the origin and direction of search in the objective space via the dynamic updating of the largest unexplored region till an appropriately structured Pareto front is captured. To demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed methodology, a case study is carried out for the transportation of dangerous goods in the road network of Hong Kong with the support of geographic information system. The experimental results confirm the effectiveness of the approach.  相似文献   

山东栖霞市虎窝顶矿区金矿地质特征及矿床成因找矿方向          下载免费PDF全文

胡伟华  邱介玲  王厚琴  于森  赵贤  程蓉蓉 《山东国土资源》2014,30(7):18-22

栖霞市虎窝顶矿区金矿床位于栖霞市金山境内,为多金属硫化物石英脉型金矿床,成因上属于中温热液裂隙充填石英脉型金矿床。矿体以条带状、透镜状为主,矿体规模中等,厚度、品位变化较大,主要矿石矿物有黄铁矿、方铅矿、闪锌矿,少量黄铜矿,矿石结构以晶粒状结构、压碎结构为主,次为填隙结构、乳浊状结构、包含结构、镶嵌结构、骸晶结构、交代残余结构等,矿石构造主要有块状、网脉状、浸染状构造,其次为角砾状构造和胶状构造。矿石类型主要为原生矿石,矿体围岩主要是新太古代栖霞超单元回龙夼单元条带状细粒含角闪黑云英云闪长岩。  相似文献   

Early diagenetic behaviour of selenium in freshwater sediments     

Nelson Belzile  Yu. -Wei Chen  Rongrong Xu 《Applied Geochemistry》2000,15(10)

The vertical distributions of dissolved Se species [Se(IV), Se(VI) and organic Se] and diagenetic constituents [Fe(II) and Mn(II)] were obtained in porewater samples of two Sudbury area lakes (Clearwater and McFarlane). The sedimentary concentration profiles of total Se, Se species bound to Fe–Mn oxyhydroxides and to organic matter, and of elemental Se were also determined along with the concentrations of Fe, Mn and S in different extractable fractions. Results indicated that the concentrations of total dissolved Se in porewater samples were very low, varying from around 2.0 nM to a maximum level of 6.5 nM, while the concentrations of total Se species in the solid phase varied between 2 and 150 nmol/g on a dry weight basis. The two lakes showed striking differences in the presence of Se(IV) and Se(VI) at the sediment–water interface (SWI). In Clearwater Lake, Se(VI) was present at this interface and Se(IV) was not detectable, whereas the opposite was found in McFarlane Lake. This suggests that reducing conditions might have existed near the SWI of McFarlane Lake at the sampling time; this hypothesis was confirmed by several other measured chemical parameters. The profiles of total dissolved Se of both lakes suggest upward and downward diffusion of dissolved Se species along the concentration gradients. Assuming that no precipitation occurred at the SWI, the fluxes of dissolved Se species across the SWI in Clearwater and McFarlane lakes were estimated to be 0.108 and 0.034 nmol cm⁻² a⁻¹, respectively. These values do not include the possible losses of volatile Se species due to microbial methylation. In the reducing sediments of both lakes, the formation of elemental Se and pyritic Se were found to be important mechanisms for controlling the solubility of Se in this environment. The main geochemical processes involving Se identified in this study are: the adsorption of Se onto Fe–Mn oxyhydroxides at or near the SWI, the release of adsorbed Se by the reduction of the same oxyhydroxides and the mineralization of organic matter, and the removal of Se from porewaters to form elemental Se and a S mineral phase such as Se–pyrite or pure ferroselite.  相似文献