高空急流区飞机颠簸的一种形成机制的探讨     

朱志愚 《成都信息工程学院学报》1997,(4)

作者应用动力学分析方法，结合观测飞机颠簸的事实，对高空急流区飞机颠簸的一种形成机理进行了理论探讨。结果表明，高空急流区温度平流分布的不均匀性，会在急流附近等温线密集区边缘激发出空气垂直运动和湍流，引起飞机颠簸。  相似文献   

1994年江淮地区首次区域性春季暴雨诊断分析     

王亦平  徐良谋  王肖成 《成都信息工程学院学报》1996,(4)

分析了１９９４年４月１９～２０日春季暴雨主要是由对流层中低层低涡和地面静止锋共同作用的结果，侧重于对低空急流的形成与变动和熵平衡方程的诊断分析，能量场与该次暴雨有很好的相关性  相似文献   

How Fast the Nucleus of Comet Hale–Bopp was Rotating?     

Shulman  L. M.  Kidger  M.  Serrat-Ricart  M.  Torres-Chico  R. 《Earth, Moon, and Planets》2002,90(1-4):109-117

At the First International Conference on Comet Hale–Bopp(Canaries, 1998) many astronomers agreed with the value of theperiod of axial rotation of its nucleus, which was obtained byobservers by a comparison of the two sequential patterns of thedust arcs. It was noted that the pattern had been repeated each∼12 hours. The value 11.35^h was taken as the periodof axial rotation. However, alternative periods of 4 and 8 days havealso been suggested. The possible reasons for thisdiscrepancy are discussed. It is shown that a short period could be obtained by a misidentification of the same arc on twosequential images and, as a result, an overestimate of theradial velocity of dust in the arcs. To obtain the half day period one must take the projected velocity of the arc ∼ 1.6 km/s,which exceeds the H₂O gas expansion velocity. If one takes a lower expansion velocity a longer period would be obtained.  相似文献   

Imaging Borrelly     

L.A Soderblom  D.C Boice  R.H Brown  R.L Kirk  R.M Nelson  B.R Sandel  N Thomas 《Icarus》2004,167(1):4-15

The nucleus, coma, and dust jets of short-period Comet 19P/Borrelly were imaged from the Deep Space 1 spacecraft during its close flyby in September 2001. A prominent jet dominated the near-nucleus coma and emanated roughly normal to the long axis of nucleus from a broad central cavity. We show it to have remained fixed in position for more than 34 hr, much longer than the 26-hr rotation period. This confirms earlier suggestions that it is co-aligned with the rotation axis. From a combination of fitting the nucleus light curve from approach images and the nucleus' orientation from stereo images at encounter, we conclude that the sense of rotation is right-handed around the main jet vector. The inferred rotation pole is approximately perpendicular to the long axis of the nucleus, consistent with a simple rotational state. Lacking an existing IAU comet-specific convention but applying a convention provisionally adopted for asteroids, we label this the north pole. This places the sub-solar latitude at ∼60° N at the time of the perihelion with the north pole in constant sunlight and thus receiving maximum average insolation.  相似文献   

Hard X-ray spectrum of Mkn 421 during the active phase     

R. K. Manchanda 《Journal of Astrophysics and Astronomy》2001,22(2-3):145-154

Spectral measurement of Mkn 421 were made in the hard X-ray energy band of 20–200 keV using a high sensitivity, large area scintillation counter telescope on November 21, 2000 and these coincided with the onset of an active X-ray phase as seen in the ASM counting rates on board RXTE. The observed spectrum can not be fitted to a single power law similar to the PDS data of BeppoSAX. The data can be fitted both by a two component power-law function or a combination of an exponential function with a power law component at the high energies above 80 keV. We identify these components with those arising from the synchrotron self compton and the high energy power-law tail arising from the upgrading of the thermal photons due to multiple Compton scattering a la Cyg X-1. A comparison with the earlier data clearly suggests a spectral variability in the hard X-ray spectrum of the source. We propose a continuously flaring geometry for the source as the underlying mechanism for energy release.  相似文献   

PROPAGATION OF 30—60 DAY LOW FREQUENCY OSCILLATIONS AND THEIR INFLUENCE UPON THE SUBTROPICAL WESTERLIES JET STREAM DURING NORTHERN HEMISPHERE WINTER          下载免费PDF全文

史玉光  李清泉 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》1996,(2)

Based on daily ECMWF gridpoint data of two winters during 1981—1983 including an ENSOyear,propagation of low frequency oscillations(LFO)during Northern Hemisphere winters andtheir influences upon 30—60 day oscillations of the subtropical jet stream are studied with the sta-tistical methods as complex empirical orthogonal function(CEOF)and so on.Results show that inthe winter of a normal year(1981—1982),30—60 day oscillations in the subtropical zone aremainly in the northern and southern flanks of exit region of jet stream.In the ENSO year(1982—1983),they are mainly in the vicinity of entrance and exit regions of jet stream.Intraseasonalchanges of subtropical jet stream manifested themselves as latitudinal fluctuation or longitudinalprogression or regression of about 40 day period.There are marked differences between propagat-ing passages of low frequency modes responsible for changes of subtropical jet stream in the normalyear(1981—1982)and in the ENSO year(1982—1983).Changes of oscillation amplitude showobvious phases.In general,the one in late winter is stronger than that in early winter,strongestone occurs in February.  相似文献   

射电喷流中湍动阿耳芬波对相对论电子的加速     

马春玉 《天文学报》1996,37(1):28-34

本文通过数值求解带电粒子与Ａｌｆｖｅｎ波湍动相互作用的动力学方程，得到了相对论电子在射电喷流中被加速随时间演化的解．高能电子可以加速到Ｌｏｒｅｎｔｚ因子γｙ～１０６，且形成稳态的幂律谱，尽管其谱指数Ｓ≈ｌ比观测值小，但粒子加速时间约为１０１２－１０１４秒，小于射电斑的寿命１０７年．粒子能谱指数几乎与Ａｌｆｖｅｎ波谱指数和能量损失函数无关．能量损失对加速上限有较大影响．  相似文献   

遵义市冬末初春两次寒潮降雪天气过程对比分析   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

肖蕾  唐海  张云秋  谢和林 《中低纬山地气象》2018,42(3):73-79

利用Micaps常规观测资料、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料、区域站加密观测资料,对遵义市2016年3月8—9日(过程Ⅰ)和2017年2月21—22日(过程Ⅱ)的两次寒潮降雪天气过程进行对比分析。结果表明:(1)500 h Pa横槽转竖和低槽东移是两次寒潮爆发的重要引导系统,过程Ⅰ属于横槽转竖型寒潮天气过程,过程Ⅱ寒潮属小槽发展型。(2)地面冷高压中心强度(冷源)及南下速度是预报寒潮的关键。(3)700 h Pa切变影响与降雪时段对应较好,在今后降雪预报中应作为重要影响系统加以关注。(4)湿层深厚,整层水汽含量高为降雪的显著特征。(5)有无融化层和融化层厚薄应作为降雪预报温度条件的关注重点。  相似文献   

低空急流识别及急流轴自动绘制方法研究     

王萍  王琮  王迪 《气象》2018,44(7):952-960

低空急流对强对流天气的预报有重要意义。针对目前低空急流主要由手工绘制,存在效率低、易受主观因素影响的问题,本文基于MICAPS高空全要素填图数据中的探空站风场信息,提出了一种低空急流自动识别及急流轴自动绘制算法。算法从急流轴定义出发,依次从风速、风向、探空站分布、中轴线位置等多个角度对低空急流轴进行检测。经过传递闭包聚类、急流轴关键点提取、不同风向急流轴关键点归并、急流轴平滑等步骤,实现了低空急流自动识别及急流轴的自动绘制。测试表明,在识别的基础上自动绘制的急流轴具有位置准确、形态自然、能完整反映急流水汽输送路径、适应复杂环境低空急流等特点。在291组测试数据中未发现空报,准确击中率达到94.96%。  相似文献   

“丝绸之路”模态与东亚夏季环流的关系分析     

李艳  张英华  郑凤魁  袁有林 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2018,12(3):10-17

基于1979—2015年ERA-Interim再分析资料,分析了夏季"丝绸之路"(the Silk Road,即SR)模态与东亚地区大气环流之间的联系,结果表明:在SR模态正异常年,200 hPa亚洲急流在东亚地区比较弯曲,在中国新疆和环渤海地区500 hPa上分别有一个高度脊和一个高度槽,在蒙古国、中国内蒙古以及日本以东500 hPa上有显著的位势高度正异常,风场异常与高度场配合较好。在对流层中低层的中国北方,有明显的下沉气流,在中国内蒙古、蒙古国以及日本以东,出现位涡负异常,而在朝鲜半岛附近,则有位涡正异常出现。中国环渤海地区降水偏少,而日本大部分地区降水偏多。在SR模态负异常年,200 hPa急流相对平直且更强,500 hPa的波列特征比正异常年更加显著,在中国内蒙古和蒙古国、朝鲜半岛、日本以东分别有"-、+、-"分布的位势高度场异常。与正异常年相比,位于东亚135°E附近的正异常中心变得显著,在该异常中心的西侧和东侧分别有上升和下沉异常气流,对应在朝鲜半岛和中国东北附近有较大的位涡负异常。在环渤海、朝鲜半岛南部和日本、日本以东洋面上,降水分别出现偏多、偏少和偏多现象。  相似文献