Glacial–interglacial variations in Quaternary production of marine organic matter at DSDP Site 594, Chatham Rise, southeastern New Zealand margin     

Elizabeth A. Kowalski  Philip A. Meyers 《Marine Geology》1997,140(3-4):249-263

CaCO₃ and total organic carbon concentrations, organic matter C/N and carbon isotope ratios, and sediment accumulation rates in late Quaternary sediments from DSDP Site 594 provide information about glacial–interglacial variations in the delivery of organic matter to the Chatham Rise offshore of southeastern New Zealand. Low C/N ratios and nearly constant organic δ¹³C values of −23‰ indicate that marine production dominates organic matter supply in both glacial and interglacial times during oxygen isotope stages 1 through 6 (0–140 ka) and 17 through 19 (660–790 ka). Increased organic carbon mass accumulation rates in isotope stages 2, 4, 6, and 18 record enhanced marine productivity during glacial maxima. Excursions of organic δ¹³C values to ca. −29‰ in portions of isotope stage 2 suggest that the local concentration of dissolved CO₂ was occasionally elevated during the last glacial maximum, probably as a result of short periods of lowered sea-surface temperature. Dilution of carbonates by clastic continental sediment generally increases at this location during glacial maxima, but enhanced delivery of land-derived organic matter does not accompany the increased accumulation of clastic sediments.  相似文献   

Physical properties of a porcellanite layer (Southwest Indian Ridge) constrained by geophysical logging     

Sebastian Gerland  Gerhard Kuhn  Gerhard Bohrmann 《Marine Geology》1997,140(3-4):415-426

A distinct porcellanite layer from the Southwest Indian Ridge intercalated in Pleistocene diatom ooze was studied using nondestructive physical property measurements and sedimentological data. This bed was sampled by two piston cores at a water depth of 2615 m. The 3–5 cm thick porcellanite layer appears in the cores at a depth of 6.03 m (Core PS2089-2) and 7.73 m (Core PS2089-1) below the seafloor. Due to its characteristic physical properties the porcellanite bed can be detected with core measurements, and its distribution and lateral extent mapped with echosounding. The physical index properties, wet bulk density and electrical resistivity, increase significantly across this bed. Magnetic susceptibility is used to compare the lithological units of both cores and to distinguish whether resistivity anomalies are caused by a higher amount of terrigenous components or by the presence of porcellanite. The porcellanite has the special characteristic to affect a positive anomaly in resistivity but not in susceptibility. Most marine sediments, in contrast, show a positive correlation of magnetic susceptibility versus electrical resistivity; therefore a combination of electrical resistivity and magnetic susceptibility logs yields a definite detection of the porcellanite bed. Images from the X-ray CT survey indicate that the porcellanite is lithified and brittle and fragmented when the piston corer penetrated the bed.  相似文献   

Evaluation of conditions along the grounding line of temperate marine glaciers: an example from Muir Inlet, Glacier Bay, Alaska     

Keith C. Seramur  Ross D. Powell  Paul R. Carlson 《Marine Geology》1997,140(3-4):307-327

In the marine environment, stability of the glacier terminus and the location of subglacial streams are the dominant controls on the distribution of grounding-line deposits within morainal banks. A morainal bank complex in Muir Inlet, Glacier Bay, SE Alaska, is used to develop a model of terminus stability and location of subglacial streams along the grounding line of temperate marine glaciers. This model can be used to interpret former grounding-line conditions in other glacimarine settings from the facies architecture within morainal bank deposits.The Muir Inlet morainal bank complex was deposited between 1860 A.D. and 1899 A.D., and historical observations provide a record of terminus positions, glacial retreat rates and sedimentary sources. These data are used to reconstruct the depositional environment and to develop a correlation between sedimentary facies and conditions along the grounding line.Four seismic facies identified on the high-resolution seismic-reflection profiles are used to interpret sedimentary facies within the morainal bank complex. Terminus stability is interpreted from the distribution of sedimentary facies within three distinct submarine geomorphic features, a grounding-line fan, stratified ridges, and a field of push ridges. The grounding-line fan was deposited along a stable terminus and is represented on seismic-reflection profiles by two distinct seismic facies, a proximal and a distal fan facies. The proximal fan facies was deposited at the efflux of subglacial streams and indicates the location of former glacifluvial discharges into the sea. Stratified ridges formed as a result of the influence of a quasi-stable terminus on the distribution of sedimentary facies along the grounding line. A field of push ridges formed along the grounding line of an unstable terminus that completely reworked the grounding-line deposits through glacitectonic deformation.Between 1860 A.D. and 1899 A.D. (39 years), m³ of sediment were deposited within the Muir Inlet morainal bank complex at an average annual sediment accumulation rate of m³/a. This rate represents the annual sediment production capacity of the glacier when the Muir Inlet drainage basin is filled with glacial ice.  相似文献   

Distribution, condition, and growth of newly settled southern flounder (Paralichthys lethostigma) in the Galveston Bay Estuary, TX     

Lindsay A. Glass  Jay R. Rooker  Richard T. Kraus  G. Joan Holt 《Journal of Sea Research》2008,59(4):259-268

Several flatfish species, including southern flounder (Paralichthys lethostigma) recruit to estuaries during early life. Therefore, evaluation of estuarine sites and habitats that serve as nurseries is critical to conservation and management. The present study used density data in conjunction with biochemical condition and growth measurements to evaluate settlement sites used by southern flounder in the Galveston Bay Estuary (GBE). In 2005, beam-trawl collections were made in three major sections of the GBE (East Bay, Galveston Bay, West Bay). Three sites were sampled in each bay. Within each sampling site, replicate collections were taken from three habitats: 1) marsh edge (< 1 m depth), 2) intermediate zone (10–20 m from marsh interface;  1 m depth), and 3) bay zone (typically > 100 m from marsh interface; depth > 1 m). Average size of southern flounder collected was 12–19 mm standard length, and peak densities occurred in January and February. Catch data indicated that densities of southern flounder were significantly greater in East Bay (2.75 per 100 m²) than in Galveston Bay (0.91 per 100 m²) or in West Bay (0.45 per 100 m²). Densities were statistically similar among habitats. Otolith-based estimates of age indicated that the majority of southern flounder collected were 35–45 days old and derived from early December to early January hatch-dates. Growth rates were similar among bays and among habitats, with the average growth rate being 0.40 mm day^− 1 (range: 0.21–0.76 mm day^− 1). RNA:DNA was above the established baseline value for nutritional stress, indicating that newly settled southern flounder in the GBE were in relatively high condition. Habitat-specific differences in RNA:DNA ratios were not observed; however, ratios were significantly lower in West Bay (average 8.0) than in East Bay (average 9.5) or in Galveston Bay (average 9.8), suggesting the condition of new recruits may vary spatially within the GBE. Findings from the current study suggest density and condition of newly settled southern flounder vary at the bay scale, suggesting that parts of GBE do not function equally as nurseries.  相似文献   

海链藻目核糖体RNA基因片段的扩增及多样性分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李海涛  杨官品  刘永健 《海洋科学》2006,30(5):40-44

海链藻目(Thalassiosirales)的海链藻属(Thalassiosira)和骨条藻属(Skeletonema)微藻是形成春季赤潮的主要种类。为利用分子生物学方法分析表层海水主要赤潮形成藻的动态变化、快速鉴定赤潮形成藻种,设计了海链藻目特异引物,扩增了胶州湾近岸表层海水海链藻目18S核糖体RNA基因片断。随机测定10个序列,其中4个与海链藻属的Thalassiosi-ra concaviuscula的完全相同,其余的可确定属于海链藻属。表明该引物对能选择性地扩增海链藻目18S核糖体RNA基因片断。  相似文献   

Expression profiles of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and their regulation by Relish     

王冬冬  李富花  李诗豪  温荣  相建海 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2012,30(4):611-619

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Vertical profiles of nitrous oxide and dissolved oxygen in marine sediments     

Toshihiro Usui  Isao Koike  Norio Ogura   《Marine Chemistry》1998,59(3-4)

The whole core squeezing method was used to simultaneously obtain profiles of nitrous oxide (N₂O), nitrogenous nutrients, and dissolved oxygen in sediments of Koaziro Bay, Japan (coastal water), the East China Sea (marginal sea), and the central Pacific Ocean (open ocean). In the spring of Koaziro Bay, subsurface peaks of interstitial N₂O (0.5–3.5 cm depth) were observed, at which concentrations were higher than in the overlying water. This was also true for nitrate (NO₃⁻) and nitrite (NO₂⁻) profiles, suggesting that the transport of oxic overlying water to the depth through faunal burrows induced in situ N₂O production depending on nitrification. In the summer of Koaziro Bay, sediment concentrations of N₂O, NO₃⁻ and NO₂⁻ were lower than in the overlying water. In most East China Sea sediments, both N₂O and NO₃⁻ decreased sharply in the top 0.5–2 cm oxic layer (oxygen: 15–130 μM), which may have indicated N₂O and NO₃⁻ consumption by denitrification at anoxic microsites. N₂O peaks at subsurface depth (0.5–6.5 cm) implied in situ production of N₂O and/or its supply from the overlying water through faunal burrows. However, the occurrence of the latter process was not confirmed by the profiles of other constituents. In the central Pacific Ocean, the accumulation of N₂O and NO₃⁻ in the sediments likely resulted from nitrification. Nitrous oxide fluxes from the sediments, calculated using its gradient at the sediment–water interface and the molecular diffusion coefficient, were −45 to 6.9 nmolN m⁻² h⁻¹ in Koaziro Bay in the spring, −29 to −21 nmolN m⁻² h⁻¹ in the summer, −46 to 37 nmolN m⁻² h⁻¹ in the East China Sea, 0.17 to 0.23 nmolN m⁻² h⁻¹ in the equatorial Pacific, and <±0.2 nmolN m⁻² h⁻¹ in the subtropical North Pacific, respectively.  相似文献   

缢蛏(Sinonovacula constricta)耐氨氮关联SNP验证及相关基因NKA在氨氮胁迫下的表达特征分析     

胡晨馨  吕丽媛  孙改改  姚韩韩  林志华  董迎辉 《海洋与湖沼》2023,54(5):1413-1423

为筛查和验证缢蛏(Sinonovacula constricta)耐氨氮相关单核苷酸多态性(SNP)和基因, 为分子标记辅助育种提供参考, 通过竞争性等位基因特异性PCR (KASP)对位于缢蛏NKA基因(Sc-NKA)下游的SNP (g.21062868T＞A)进行验证, 采用实时荧光定量PCR (qRT-PCR)和蛋白免疫印迹(WB)检测高氨氮胁迫下Sc-NKA基因的表达水平, 用免疫荧光技术对Sc-NKA蛋白进行组织细胞定位, 通过RNA干扰探究Sc-NKA基因在氨氮排泄中的作用。结果显示, SNP位点(g.21062868T＞A)与氨氮耐受性状显著相关(P＜0.05); Sc-NKA基因在氨氮胁迫后的mRNA和蛋白表达量均显著增加(P＜0.05); 缢蛏鳃中的柱状细胞和扁平细胞是Sc-NKA蛋白分泌的主要部位, 且在氨氮胁迫后细胞中的蛋白丰度增加; 干扰Sc-NKA基因6~48 h后, 缢蛏血淋巴中氨含量显著升高(P＜0.05),且Na⁺-K⁺-2Cl共转运蛋白1 (NKCC1)的mRNA表达水平显著降低(P＜0.05)。这些研究结果表明, Sc-NKA参与氨氮的排泄过程, 且与NKCC1在氨氮转运中具有协同作用。  相似文献   

大黄鱼(Larimichthys crocea)Tristetraprolin基因的克隆与功能分析     

汪慧娟  何志巧  石戈  周素明  张晓林  申望 《海洋与湖沼》2023,54(6):1786-1796

Tristetraprolin (TTP)是广泛存在于真核生物的RNA结合蛋白。TTP通过促进mRNA降解或抑制翻译在转录后水平抑制炎症因子表达,是炎症性疾病的潜在治疗靶点。采用RACE技术获取了大黄鱼(Larimichthys crocea) TTP (命名为LcTTP) cDNA的全长序列。LcTTP全长cDNA 1 508 bp,包括77 bp的5′-非编码区(5’-UTR)、183 bp的3’-UTR和1 248 bp的开放阅读框(ORF),编码418个氨基酸残基。推导的LcTTP理论分子量44 897.78 Da,预测等电点pI 8.37;哺乳动物TTP的重要功能结构域:N-端核输出序列(NES)、中央串联锌指结构域(TZF)、C-端NOT1-结合结构域(NOT1-BD)也在LcTTP中保守存在;系统发育分析显示LcTTP和其他脊椎动物TTP聚为一支,并与哺乳动物ZFP36家族其他成员ZFP36L1、ZFP36L2和ZFP36L3的进化支分离。组织表达特异性分析显示检测的9个组织均表达LcTTP mRNA,但不同组织间表达水平差异大,其中肌肉组织表达水平最高。大黄鱼头肾细胞系...  相似文献   

一种适用于RT-PCR的微藻总RNA提取方法     

杨婧  牛艳  张可炜  孔健 《海洋科学》2010,34(1):6-10

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