鄂东南铜山口、殷祖埃达克质（adakitic）侵入岩的地球化学特征对比：（拆沉）下地壳熔融与斑岩铜矿的成因   总被引：29，自引：22，他引：29  

王强赵振华  许继峰白正华王建新  刘成新 《岩石学报》2004,20(2):351-360

鄂东南地区铜山口花岗闪长斑岩体是与斑岩铜钼矿床共生的岩体,但殷祖花岗闪长岩体是与金属成矿无关的岩体。铜山口和殷祖侵入岩的元素地球化学特征与埃达克岩的地球化学特征非常类似,如高Al2O3、Sr含量与La/Yb、Sr/Y比值,富Na2O(Na2O/K2O>1.0),亏损Y与Yb,极弱负Eu异常-正Eu异常以及正Sr异常等。但是铜山口和殷祖侵入岩也存在 明显的差别:前者比后者更偏酸性,但具有较高的K2O,MgO,Cr,Ni和Sr含量,较低的Y和Yb含量,轻重稀土元素分异更明显,并主要显示出正铕异常,区别于后者的极弱负Eu异常-不明显Eu异常。这表明铜山口埃达克质侵入岩的岩浆来源可能比殷祖埃达克质侵入岩的岩浆来源更深:前者可能由拆沉的下地壳熔融形成,残留物主要含石榴子石;而后者可能由增厚的下地壳熔融形成,残留物可能为石榴子石±斜长石±角闪石。另外,热的地幔上涌,底辟(diapir)进入下地壳,导致含角闪石的榴辉岩发生熔融也可形成铜山口埃达克质岩浆。铜山口埃达克质岩浆在穿过地幔的过程中,将会与地幔橄榄岩发生交换反应:一方面由于受橄榄岩的混染而使得岩浆的MgO,Cr和Ni增高;另一方面岩浆中的Fe2O3不断加入到地幔中,导致地幔的氧逸度(fo2)增高,地幔中金属硫化物被氧化并进入岩浆中,富含Cu-Mo等成矿物质的岩浆上升很容易形成斑岩铜钼矿  相似文献   

辽西东南部中生代花岗岩时代   总被引：50，自引：11，他引：50  

吴福元杨进辉  张艳斌柳小明 《岩石学报》2006,22(2):315-325

辽西东南部是华北地台中生代花岗质岩浆作用较为发育的地区，并产有著名的杨家杖子钼矿床。但关于该区花岗岩的形成时代，一直缺乏深入的研究。本文通过细致的野外考察和系统采样，对该区不同类型的花岗质岩石进行了锆石u—Pb同位素测年。结果显示，该区的碱厂-杨家杖子岩体主体形成于180—190Ma，部分岩石形成于150—160Ma左右。东部海棠山-医巫闾山岩体主要形成于150—170Ma左右。因此，该区的中生代花岗质岩浆作用主要发生在侏罗纪，而白垩纪花岗质岩浆作用相对较弱。同时。这些年代学资料还反映，区内的杨家杖子钼矿形成于中侏罗世，其东部的瓦子峪变质核杂岩形成于早白垩世。对比整个燕辽地区中生代岩浆作用的年代资料发现，该区中生代花岗岩且有自东向西逐渐年轻的趋势，且与火山作用的年代学格架有所不同。岩石中含有的捕获的古老锆石还表明，区内的早前寒武纪岩浆作用主要发生在25和18．5亿年左右。  相似文献   

由多个地震震源机制解求福建东南沿海地区平均应力场     

钟继茂  程万正 《福建地震》2006,(Z2)

基于震源断层面的空间取向和滑动方向,写出力轴张量在地理坐标系中的表达式,进而给出计算平均力轴张量及主值的方法,即通过求解相应的本征方程得到。对使用多个震源机制解中T,B,P轴参数计算平均应力场的正确性,以许忠淮用滑动方向拟合法反演富蕴、唐山地区平均应力场数据进行计算和验证。选择具有地震构造意义地块或地震带内大量地震的震源机制解研究区域平均应力场。根据福建东南沿海地区47次主要地震的震源机制解,给出了该区应力张量的定量分析结果。该方法物理意义明确,使由大量地震震源机制解资料分析构造应力场的方法走向定量化,并为定量探索区域应力场的整体动态变化成为可能。  相似文献   

Vegetation and climate change since 14,810 C yr B.P. in southeastern Uruguay and implications for the rise of early Formative societies     

José Iriarte 《Quaternary Research》2006,65(1):20-32

This article presents a combined pollen and phytolith record of a 1.70-m sediment core from the wetlands of India Muerta (33° 42′ S, 53° 57′ W) in the lowland Pampa (grasslands) of southeastern Uruguay. Six ¹⁴C dates and the pollen and phytolith content of the samples permitted the recognition of four distinct climatic periods between 14,850 ¹⁴C yr B.P. and the present. The Late Pleistocene period (between ca. 14,810 and ca. 10,000 ¹⁴C yr B.P.) was characterized by drier and cooler conditions indicated by the presence of a C3-dominated grassland. These conditions prevailed until the onset of the warmer and more humid climate of the Holocene around 9450 ¹⁴C yr B.P. The early Holocene (between around 10,000 and 6620 ¹⁴C yr B.P.) was characterized by the establishment of wetlands in the region as evidenced by the formation of black peat, the increase in wetland taxa, and the replacement of C3 Pooideae by C4 Panicoideae grasses. During the mid-Holocene, around 6620 ¹⁴C yr B.P., began a period of environmental change characterized by drier climatic conditions, which resulted in the expansion of halophytic communities in the flat, low-lying areas of the wetlands of India Muerta. About 4020 ¹⁴C yr B.P. a massive spike of Amaranthaceae/Chenopodiaceae coupled with a radical drop in wetland species indicates another major and more severe period of dryness. After ca. 4000 ¹⁴C yr B.P., a decrease of halophytic species indicates the onset of more humid and stable climatic conditions, which characterized the late Holocene.The findings reported in this article substantially improve our knowledge of the late Glacial and Holocene climate and vegetation in the region. The data provide a detailed record of the timing and severity of mid-Holocene environmental changes in southeastern South America. Significantly, the mid-Holocene drying trend coincided with major organizational changes in settlement, subsistence, and technology of the pre-Hispanic populations in the region, which gave rise to early Formative societies. This study also represents the first combined pollen and phytolith record for southeastern South America reinforcing the utility of phytoliths as significant indicators of long-term grassland dynamics.  相似文献   

Slope aspect, slope length and slope inclination controls of shallow soils vegetated by sclerophyllous heath—links to long-term landscape evolution     

Marshall T. Wilkinson  Geoff S. Humphreys 《Geomorphology》2006,76(3-4):347-362

On upland Triassic sandstone slopes of the western Blue Mountains, nonswamp, sclerophyllous heath (shrub-dominated vegetation) on shallow soils is commonly found downslope and adjacent to sclerophyllous forest on deeper soils. Some consider heath—and thus shallow soils—as favouring west-facing slopes, which are expected to experience drier microclimates due to insolation, strong and desiccating winds, and severe summer fires. However, our analysis of extensive areas with heath on shallow soils, based on vegetation and topographic maps, and fieldwork of uplands with various degrees of dissection, suggests that aspect is a poor predictor of shallow soils. Rather, shallow soils and heath are found on short slopes and the lower segments of longer slopes with the latter significantly steeper than forested segments.The shallow–deep soil boundary, marked by contrasting modern vegetation structures, does not signify a catchment area threshold, and correspondingly, the vegetation patterns are not in balance with distributary catchment processes, as short slopes are mantled exclusively by shallow soils. Instead, the soil depth boundary represents the propagation of base-level lowering signals, which takes place not only by the headward retreat of knickpoints but also via increased lowering of slope segments adjacent to drainage lines. This leads to steep slopes immediately adjacent to canyons, narrow gorges, and small steep valleys, that are mantled by shallow, discontinuous soils undergoing rapid erosion. These steep slopes persist in the landscape for ≥ 10 My after upland stream rejuvenation until incision of more weatherable Permian sediments, underlying the Triassic cliff-forming sandstones, triggers rapid lateral expansion of gorges. Once shallowly mantled and steeper slopes adjacent to streams are consumed by gorge widening, slopes adjacent to wide gorge clifflines reflect former upland drainage patterns rather than the redirected flow to rapidly widening gorges. Hence, modern vegetation patterns reflect a significant phase of landform development, perhaps combined with enhanced erosion during the Last Glacial Period that is compounded by a humped soil production function on bedrock.  相似文献   

赣中变质基底Nd模式年龄初步研究及基底地壳的形成时代   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

胡恭任  章邦桐 《铀矿地质》1999,15(3):137

本文研究了赣东南变质基底的Ｎｄ模式年龄（ＴＤＭ＝１３６０－２１２４Ｍａ,平均为１７５５Ｍａ）,结合变质岩的Ｒｂ－Ｓｒ,Ｓｍ－Ｎｄ等时线年龄确认赣中地区存在前寒武纪地壳基底,推测本区还有一个尚未出露的古元古－新太古代的花岗质陆壳,这个陆壳正是元古代的陆源区  相似文献   

内蒙东南部早前寒武纪孔兹岩系中斜长石的成分环带     

刘福来  靳是琴  贺义兴 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》1993,(4)

内蒙东南部早前寒武纪孔兹岩系中斜长石的Ca、Na、si、Al“等阳离子存在明显的成分环带。依据其成因机制可划分为生长环带和扩散环带。对不同成因的斜长石环带的成分,采用Ga—Pl—Al_2SiO_5(Sill)—Q压力计,配合Ga—Bi矿物对温度压力计估算,峰期前温度为570～620℃,压力1.0～1.2 GPa;峰期温度为750～850℃,压力0.75～0.85 GPa,峰期后温度为600～650℃,压力为0.5～0.62 GPa。可以确定本区早前寒武纪孔兹岩系变质作用演化为顺时针碰撞造山带型式的P—T—t轨迹。  相似文献   

岩浆作用与地球动力学刍议——以中国东南沿海为例   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

王德滋  周全城 《岩石矿物学杂志》1991,(3)

岩浆活动是地球动力学事件的一个重要方面,本文从这点出发,讨论了中国东南沿海中、新代时期地球动力学环境的演变对岩浆活动的制约作用。  相似文献   

鄂东南铜,铁矿床地质—地球物理—地球化学勘查模式   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

郭学全 《地质学报》1994,68(1):62-70

本文是在鄂东南地区以铜为主的多金属矿床的实际资料基础上，按矿床类型归纳，分别建立了铁山式铁－铜矿床，铜绿山式铜－铁矿床，叶花香式铜矿床，鸡冠嘴式铜－多矿床和铜山口式铜（钼）矿床等典型矿床的地质－地球物理－地球化学勘查模式。这些模式系统地总结了该区铜矿床的成矿地质条件，地球物理和地球化学特征，并以图示的形式表现出来，对该区今后的铜矿床研究及矿产预测、找矿方法的选择和就矿找矿等方面有一定的现实意义。  相似文献   

The West Victorian Uplands of Southeastern Australia: Origin and history     

E. B. Joyce 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1992,17(4):407-418

The West Victorian Uplands is a region of low relief, gentle gradients, young volcanicity and local domal uplift. These characteristics distinguish it from the rest of the Eastern Highlands of Australia. The origin of the West Victorian Uplands dates back to uplift in the Cretaceous, but elevation and relief have always remained low. Further uplift, extending westwards from central Victoria, may have begun raising the West Victorian Uplands in Middle Tertiary times. Doming, fault activity, earthquakes and volcanism are extending progressively westwards. Not only may the Eastern Highlands of Victoria have grown in this way in the past, but the area may also provide a view of the early evolution of the Eastern Highlands of Australia.  相似文献