南黄海陆架区15ka以来的古气候事件与环境演变   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

孟广兰  韩有松  王少青 《海洋与湖沼》1998,29(3):297-305

于１９８６－１９９４年间,陆续对南黄海７个柱状样品进行了孢粉分析研究,结合＾１４Ｃ测年数据,参考古地磁、热释光测年等分析资料,以其中３个主要岩芯剖面资料为代表,论述了南黄海陆架区１５ｋａ以来的古气候环境演变。结果表明,在第四纪末次冰期冰消期中,气候曾剧烈波动,并逐渐由晚冰期向冰后期过渡。这一演变特点与全球气候背景下的中国东部地理环境相关。同时识别出３个短期降温和两个升温事件：其中Ａ１亚带冷期出现在  相似文献   

Social equity and the probability of success of biodiversity conservation     

《Global Environmental Change》2015

Conservation actions generally benefit some groups more than others, and this inequity is thought to affect the probability of achieving conservation objectives. This has led to the common assumption that triple bottom line solutions – those that are effective, efficient, and equitable – are best and most likely to achieve each individual objective. Although this may be true, it has been little tested, and importantly lacks a conceptual foundation for understanding, predicting and evaluating how equity affects conservation outcomes. We describe types of equity relevant to conservation and explore how they may affect the probability of successfully achieving conservation outcomes. Depending on the equity type and context, the relationship between equity and conservation success varies. We find that the best conservation outcome is often achieved without perfect equity; highlighting the risk of ignoring the relationship between equity and success. We offer a conceptual foundation for better addressing this important issue in future research and application.  相似文献   

Transnational adaptation governance: An emerging fourth era of adaptation     

《Global Environmental Change》2015

Climate change adaptation, which has previously been seen as a national and local matter, is today systematically addressed by international institutions such as the UNFCCC, the FAO and the WTO. Research has focused on the overarching institutional architecture of global adaptation, particularly how it relates to development, political economy, efficiency and equity. In contrast to the transnational dimension of climate mitigation, the transnationalization of adaptation governance has received scant attention. By creating a dataset of adaptation projects, we examine transnational adaptation governance in terms of its scope, institutionalization and main functions. We find transnational adaptation governance to be firmly anchored within the UNFCCC, but a recent change towards adaptation governed by a transnational constituency can be identified. When non-state actors become integral to the project of governing adaptation, a ‘fourth era’ of adaption seems to be emerging. This new era is not replacing other forms of governing, but is emerging alongside and in a complementary fashion. In the ‘fourth era’, adaptation is increasingly governed globally and transnationally, and the attention is turned toward ‘softer’ forms of governance such as agenda setting, information sharing and capacity building.  相似文献   

高分五号卫星大气参数探测综述   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

陈良富  尚华哲  范萌  陶金花  胡斯勒图  张莹  王红梅  程良晓  张欣欣  伟乐斯  李明阳  邹铭敏  刘冬冬 《遥感学报》2021,25(9):1917-1931

高分五号卫星搭载了大气痕量气体差分吸收光谱仪、主要温室气体探测仪、大气多角度偏振探测仪、大气环境红外甚高分辨率探测仪、可见短波红外高光谱相机和全谱段光谱成像仪共6台载荷,对全球环境监测及中国大气气溶胶、臭氧、二氧化硫、二氧化氮、二氧化碳、甲烷和云等多个环境与气象综合监测方面有着重要的意义。为了更好的了解高分五号卫星任务的大气监测内容,本文对高分五号卫星其中的4个大气探测载荷特征和数据处理算法进展进行了总结,涉及各个载荷参数信息、算法介绍和产品初步结果等相关内容。高分五号卫星是中国专门用于大气环境监测任务的遥感卫星,随着后续卫星的发射升空,将对中国乃至全球大气环境监测提供强有力的数据支撑。  相似文献   

鄂东南大冶矿区地质环境影响性评价   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

罗锋  柴波  周爱国 《工程地质学报》2015,23(3):580-588

在我国,矿业城市的地质环境问题日趋严重,需要探索一套适合于区域矿山地质环境影响性评价的技术方法,以指导矿业城市或重点矿区的矿产资源开发和环境保护。以鄂东南大冶矿区(即大冶市)为例,以遥感调查数据为基础,建立了由地质环境背景、已有地质环境问题和矿山开采活动三方面组成的区域矿山地质环境影响性评价指标体系,采用传统的模糊综合评价方法,分别对自然状态下矿区的地质灾害易发性和采矿状态下的矿区地质环境影响性进行了定量评价。结果表明:(1)自然状态下,大冶矿区地质灾害高易发区、较高易发区、较低易发区及低易发区分别占评价总面积的3.29%、12.55%、24.53%及59.62%;(2)采矿状态下,大冶矿区地质环境影响性严重区、较严重区、一般、轻微区分别占评价总面积的13.63%、22.96%、33.95%及24.96%。评价结果可作为大冶矿区矿产开发规划和综合性地质环境治理的重要依据。  相似文献   

几内亚共和国红土型铝土矿床成矿探讨     

张成学  王国库  张泽夏  张璜 《化工矿产地质》2015,(1)

在全球广泛分布着中生代(Mz)基性岩浆岩,但由此形成的风化残积红土型铝土矿床主要集中在低纬度带。也就是说,除成矿母岩外,低纬度带的自然气候环境是红土型铝土矿成矿的另一决定性因素。但在低纬度带的成矿母岩分布区域内,是否成矿或矿体的优劣,取决于矿源层的厚薄、地形地貌特征以及水文地质条件等。铝土矿的形成过程,是自成矿母岩风化初始阶段至红土形成阶段,铝铁物质逐渐富集的过程。  相似文献   

Nanotechnology,global development in the frame of environmental risk forecasting. A necessity of interdisciplinary researches     

《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2015,347(1):35-42

Interdisciplinarity is of first importance to evaluate the risks associated with nanotechnology. The reasons are that nanomaterials are very new materials that combine nano-sizes and new reactivities. The complexity comes from the very low concentrations of nanomaterials in the environmental medium, the transformations of the nanomaterials due to the reactivity of the surface, the transfer in the environmental media, particularly in the presence of liquid water (soils, sediments, surface water), which implies an association with natural colloids (organic or minerals) and blockage in some compartments. These properties govern the hazard that strongly depends on exposure and speciation.  相似文献   

Golf and the environmental politics of modernization     

《Geoforum》2015

In this critical review we reflect on findings from a socio-historical study of golf’s relationship with the environment. We focus especially on the golf industry’s pursuit of modernization from the early 1900s to the present. Golf’s quest to ‘be’ modern, we contend, has specifically constituted three particular ‘turns’: a first turn in the early 1900s involving the scientific rationalization of golf course development and maintenance; a second, ‘exemptionalist’ turn in the post-war years whereby science and technology fueled a perception of immense control over nature; and a third, more recent turn to ecological modernization (EM) whereby science and technology are leveraged toward environmental stewardship – or at least claims thereof. We ultimately argue that the golf industry’s recent adoption of EM principles in their environment-related work has political implications, as it ‘protects’ the industry from more radical environmental alternatives.  相似文献   

China's ascent and Africa's environment     

Arthur P.J. Mol 《Global Environmental Change》2011,21(3):785-794

China's unprecedented economic growth path over the last two decades has been paralleled by an exponential growth in the consumption of natural resources and in pollution. Initially, China mainly exploited domestic resources to fuel its rapid industrial development. But over the last decade, increasing shares of China's natural resources consumption and environmental impacts relate to peripheral regions, including sub-Saharan Africa. China's environmental impacts in peripheral regions seem in line with World-Systems Theory predictions for ascending world powers. This paper assesses the extent to which the World-Systems Theory idea of ‘environmentally unequal exchange’ between ascending world powers and peripheral economies reflects current behaviour of Chinese governmental authorities and companies in sub-Saharan Africa. It concludes that the theory only partly does so. Behaviour of Chinese governmental authorities and firms is conditioned and guided by environmental norms, as well. World-Systems Theory has to make conceptual space for such new environmental behaviour of ascending world powers, to understand the contemporary and future world-systems. At the same time, China has a long way to go before becoming the ‘green’ exemplar for the world to follow.  相似文献   

我国矿山环境保护政策法规的展望     

李海婷  王世虎 《山东国土资源》2011,27(6):59-61

近年来,我国在矿山环境保护方面陆续实施了一系列新的政策,颁布了若干新的法规。在总结我国矿山环境保护新进展的基础上,分析我国矿山环境保护立法方面存在的若干问题,并提出要在法律层面明确对矿山环境的保护、制定专门保护矿山环境的行政法规和完善矿山环境治理恢复保证金制度的建议。  相似文献