表面波浪对海洋上层混合的作用     

WANG Zhifeng  WU Kejian  XIA Changshui  ZHANG Xiaoshuang 《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,33(9):32-39

A new three-dimensional numerical model is derived through a wave average on the primitive N-S equations, in which both the＂Coriolis-Stokes forcing＂ and the＂Stokes-Vortex force＂ are considered. Three ideal experiments are run using the new model applied to the Princeton ocean model （POM）. Numerical results show that surface waves play an important role on the mixing of the upper ocean. The mixed layer is enhanced when wave effect is considered in conjunction with small Langmuir numbers. Both surface wave breaking and Stokes production can strengthen the turbulent mixing near the surface. However, the influence of wave breaking is limited to a thin layer, but Stokes drift can affect the whole mixed layer. Furthermore, the vertical mixing coefficients clearly rise in the mixed layer, and the upper ocean mixed layer is deepened especially in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current when the model is applied to global simulations. It indicates that the surface gravity waves are indispensable in enhancing the mixing in the upper ocean, and should be accounted for in ocean general circulation models.  相似文献   

本刊启用DOI国际标准编码 欢迎关注使用     

《海洋学研究》2014,(2)

正本刊讯自2014年第1期起,本刊将为在《海洋学研究》中发表的每篇论文免费注册DOI号,以提高所刊载论文的全球传播面和学术影响力,推动期刊迈向全球标准化步伐。DOI是数字对象标识符(Digital Object Identifier)的缩写,为数字信息的全球唯一的永久性的身份标识,被形象地称为数字资源的身份证,具有对资源进行永久命名标识、动态解析链接的特性。文章拥有了DOI号,如  相似文献   

生态阻力面模型构建及其在城市扩展模拟中的应用   总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13  

叶玉瑶苏泳娴  张虹鸥等 《地理学报》2014,(4):485-496

本文将城市扩展视为城市用地克服生态阻力向外扩散的过程,基于最小累积阻力模型(MCR)进行方法创新,在模型中引入不同等级源的相对阻力因子,并考虑生态障碍对于城市扩展的刚性约束,构建适合于城市扩展模拟的生态阻力面模型(UEER)。在此基础上,利用广州市土地利用第二次调查数据、遥感影像数据、DEM数据以及其他生态要素相关数据,通过源的确定与分级、基面阻力综合评价、UEER模型运算等步骤,构建了广州市城市扩展的生态阻力面,并用于模拟城市用地扩展至不同规模情景时的空间分布及边界。结果表明:①通过UEER模型生成的生态阻力面能够综合反映城市扩展水平过程所需克服的生态阻力,因此能够反映生态约束下城市扩展的空间运动趋势,可以用于城市扩展模拟。②与基于MCR模型的模拟结果相比,基于UEER模型的模拟结果更加符合实际并体现生态保护的要求。从城市扩展的规模与强度控制看,模拟结果更加符合实际需求,并体现政策调控方向。从城市形态以及与生态要素的关系看,一些重要的生态要素在快速城市化进程中能够得以保留,同时生态障碍作为生态隔离,能够有效地防止城市的蔓延式扩展,从而使城市扩展表现出明显的组团式特征。  相似文献   

对地理概念教学的几点认识     

蒋少卿 《地理教学》2014,(23):47-48

一、地理概念教学中的常见问题 1.对概念教学的疏忽、缺失 这一点在新教师中表现得更明显。因为有的概念词句简单,无甚可讲,且可以顾名思义,教师也没有对概念做过多解释。导致许多学生不重视概念的学习,对一些地理概念的内涵和外延认识模糊,相互混淆,直接影响到地理概念的掌握和使用,影响到地理基础知识的掌握和基本能力的提高。  相似文献   

体验式学习对学生风与等压线(面)空间素养培养的实效性     

邓绍辉 《地理教学》2014,(12):18-22

以教学方式为自变量,控制其它变量,通过实验以定量的方法研究体验式学习对学生风与等压线(面)空间素养培养的实效性,确立风与等压线(面)空间能力要求与权重设置细目表,并根据细目表命制测试题。测试结果表明:实施体验式学习培养学生风与等压线(面)空间素养比常规教学更为有效。实施体验式学习,教师和学生都要做好充分准备,教师要精心设计好体验式学习方案,学生要熟悉教材相关学习内容和体验式学习方案;女学生地理空间素养水平较低,加强对女学生地理空间素养的培养势在必行。  相似文献   

The application and comparison of several flux profile relations in CoLM     

ZhenChao Li  ZhiGang Wei  ZhiYuan Zheng  Hong Wei  Hui Liu 《寒旱区科学》2014,6(1):0073-0080

This paper discusses the important role that flux profile relations play in momentum flux, sensible heat flux, and latent heat flux simulations in CoLM （Common Land Model） and compares the application of three flux profile relation schemes in CoLM by means of the Loess Plateau Land-Atmosphere Interaction Pilot Experiment （LOPEX） of 2005. It reveals that the results simulated by the model barely changed in the original flux profile schemes of the models a~er eliminating the very stable condition and the very unstable condition, and there were only tiny changes in numerical values. This indicates that the corrected terms added to fm（ξm）,fh（ξh） were very tiny and can be ignored under very stable and very unstable circumstances. According to a comparison of the three flux profile relations, the simulation results were basically coherent by using any CoLM： the correlation coefficient of the simulation value and the observed value was 0.89, and this bears on the coherence with the numerical procedures for the flux pro- file relations under unstable circumstances. The simulation results were improved considerably by utilizing the Lobocki flux pro- file schemes, which numerical procedures under unstable circumstances differed significantly fi＇om other three flux profile schemes; in this case the correlation coefficient of the value of simulation and the observed value became 0.95. In the next itera- tion of this study, it will be of great importance for the development of the land surface process model to continue experimenting with the application of some novel flux profile schemes in the land surface process models in typical regions.  相似文献   

北京气候中心气候系统模式研发进展——在气候变化研究中的应用   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2  

吴统文  宋连春  李伟平  王在志  张华  辛晓歌  张艳武  张莉  李江龙  吴方华  刘一鸣  张芳  史学丽  储敏  张洁  房永杰  汪方  路屹雄  刘向文  魏敏  刘茜霞  周文艳  董敏  赵其庚  季劲钧  Laurent Li  周明煜 《气象学报》2014,72(1):12-29

较全面地介绍了北京气候中心气候系统模式(BCC_CSM)研发所取得的一些进展及其在气候变化研究中的应用,重点介绍了全球近280 km较低分辨率的全球海-陆-气-冰-生物多圈层耦合的气候系统模式BCC_CSM1.1和110 km中等大气分辨率的BCC_CSM1.1(m),以及大气、陆面、海洋、海冰各分量模式的发展。BCC_CSM1.1和BCC_CSM1.1(m)气候系统模式均包含了全球碳循环和动态植被过程。当给定全球人类活动导致的碳源排放后,就可以模拟和预估人类活动对气候变化的影响。BCC_CSM1.1和BCC_CSM1.1(m)已应用于IPCC AR5模式比较,为中外开展气候变化机理分析和未来气候变化预估提供了大量的试验数据。还介绍了BCC_CSM1.1和BCC_CSM1.1(m)参与国际耦合模式比较计划(CMIP5)的大量试验分析评估结果,BCC_CSM能够较好地模拟20世纪气温和降水等气候平均态和季节变化特征,以及近1000年的历史气候变化,所预估的未来100年气候变化与国际上其他模式的CMIP5试验预估结果相当。初步的分析表明,分辨率相对高的BCC_CSM1.1(m)在区域气候平均态的模拟上优于分辨率较低的BCC_CSM1.1。  相似文献   

The Observed and Simulated Major Summer Climate Features in Northwest China and Their Sensitivity to Land Surface Processes          下载免费PDF全文

LI Qian  XUE Yongkang 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2014,28(5):836-848

Northwest China （NWC） is a typical arid and semi-arid region. In this study, the main summer climate features over NWC are presented and the performance of an atmospheric general circulation model （NCEP GCM/SSiB） over this region is evaluated. Satellite-derived vegetation products are applied in the model. Based on comparison with observational data and Reanalysis II data, the model generally captures major features of the NWC summer energy balance and circulation. These features include： a high surface tem- perature center dominating the planetary boundary layer; widespread descending motion; an anticyclone （cyclone） located in the lower and middle （upper） troposphere, covering most parts of central NWC; and the precipitation located mainly in the high elevation areas surrounding NWC.
The sensitivity of the summer energy balance and circulation over NWC and surrounding regions to land surface processes is assessed with specified land cover change. In the sensitivity experiment, the degradation over most parts of NWC, except the Taklimakan desert, decreases the surface-absorbed radiation and leads to weaker surface thermal effects. In northern Xinjiang and surrounding regions, less latent heating causes stronger anomalous lower-level anticyclonic circulation and upper-level cyclonic circulation, leading to less summer precipitation and higher surface temperature. Meanwhile, the dry conditions in the Hexi Corridor produce less change in the latent heat flux. The circulation change to the north of this area plays a domi- nant role in indirectly changing lower-level cyclonic conditions, producing more convergence, weaker vertical descending motion, and thus an increase in the precipitation over this region.  相似文献   

南疆开都河流域夏季径流量的变化及其特征分析     

魏瀛珠  赵巧华  欧阳潇然 《气象》2014,40(3):349-354

利用RegCM3模式对开都河流域2000-2006年夏季气候进行模拟,结果表明:模式对于流域夏季月降水总量和月平均气温的空间分布有较好的模拟能力。结合站点海拔高度值、实测值以及模拟量分别对降水、气温进行修正,并由此计算流域的面雨量和平均温度;结果表明开都河流域夏季面雨量与开都河同期实测径流量有较好的一致性,R~2达到0.97。对开都河流域夏季平均气温、面雨量以及径流量的分析表明,降水是影响流域夏季径流量的主要影响因子;而气温对于径流呈现负贡献的原因可能由于对温度敏感的小冰川大大减少,致使径流量随着温度增加而增加的关系减弱。此外,气温升高导致流域蒸散量的提高,可能是气温呈现负贡献的又一原因。  相似文献   

以黑体为目标的能见度参考标准试验研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

马舒庆  徐振飞  毛节泰  刘达新  张春波  杨玲  甄小琼 《应用气象学报》2014,25(2):129-134

黑体为目标的能见度测量是从科西米德定律出发,通过工业相机对黑体目标物进行拍摄,建立黑体和背景天空的数学模型,求得能见度。分析表明:当能见度小于30 km,黑体黑度和CCD(change-coupled device)工业相机的面非均匀性对该方法测得的能见度造成的误差约为3.7%。该方法与前向散射能见度仪测量进行对比,能见度变化趋势上具有一致性;但在高能见度时,黑体能见度测量值大于前向散射能见度测量值,低能见度时,黑体测量值小于前向散射能见度测量值。  相似文献