基于三维荧光光谱-平行因子技术联用的浮游藻化学分类学技术研究     

陈小娜  苏荣国  白莹  石晓勇  杨茹君 《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,33(12):192-205

An in vivo three-dimensional fluorescence method for the determination of algae community structure was developed by parallel factor analysis(PARAFAC) and CHEMTAX. The PARAFAC model was applied to fluorescence excitation-emission matrix(EEM) of 60 algae species belonging to five divisions and 11 fluorescent components were identified according to the residual sum of squares and specificity of the composition profiles of fluorescent. By the 11 fluorescent components, the algae species at different growth stages were classified correctly at the division level using Bayesian discriminant analysis(BDA). Then the reference fluorescent component ratio matrix was constructed for CHEMTAX, and the EEM–PARAFAC–CHEMTAX method was developed to differentiate algae taxonomic groups. The correct discrimination ratios(CDRs) when the fluorometric method was used for single-species samples were 100% at the division level, except for Bacillariophyta with a CDR of 95.6%. The CDRs for the mixtures were above 94.0% for the dominant algae species and above 87.0% for the subdominant algae species. However, the CDRs of the subdominant algae species were too low to be unreliable when the relative abundance estimated was less than 15.0%. The fluorometric method was tested using the samples from the Jiaozhou Bay and the mesocosm experiments in the Xiaomai Island Bay in August 2007. The discrimination results of the dominant algae groups agreed with microscopy cell counts, as well as the subdominant algae groups of which the estimated relative abundance was above 15.0%. This technique would be of great aid when low-cost and rapid analysis is needed for samples in a large batch. The fluorometric technique has the ability to correctly identify dominant species with proper abundance both in vivo and in situ.  相似文献   

商业平板式超滤膜包完整性检验：对海洋胶体生物地球化学研究的启示     

LIN Liangshi  CAI Yihu  SUN Xiuwu  CHEN Min 《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,33(9):109-116

The performance and integrity of a cassette cross-flow ultrafilter(Pellicon 2, Millipore) are examined with a suite of macromolecules of different molecular masses. The retention coefficient during the cross-flow ultrafiltration experiments increases with increasing molecular mass and reaches 90% with 10 kDa dextran in both milli-Q water and ultrafiltered seawater media. Based on a 90% retention coefficient, the molecular mass cut-off for the ultrafiltration membrane is defined at 10 kDa, which is ten times(1 kDa) that rated by the manufacturer. To further validate the accuracy of the laboratory calibration, the samples from the lower Zhujiang River and the Jiulong River Estuary are ultrafiltered with the cassette ultrafiltration membrane and the colloidal organic carbon abundances in these samples are quantified with the ultrafiltration permeation model based on time series permeation subsamples. The colloidal organic carbon abundances are 5.8%–21.1% in the Jiulong River Estuary and 5.6%–11.0% in the lower Zhujiang River. These are consistent with the reported values for both estuaries as well as with the colloidal organic carbon abundances in marine environments over the coastal and open oceans with 10 kDa cut-off membranes. Therefore, these field data support the laboratory calibration result and indicate the validity of the experimental and quantification procedure adopted. The discrepancy between the nominal molecular mass cut-off and the actual pore size of the ultrafiltration membrane should be of great concern for research in colloidal and nanoparticle biogeochemistry. Careful examination of the membrane integrity should be taken during ultrafiltration experiments in order to avoid misleading molecular mass cut-off information.  相似文献   

白令海颗粒有机物碳、氮同位素组成及其生物地球化学意义   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

林峰  陈敏  童金炉  曹建平  邱雨生  郑敏芳 《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,33(12):40-47

Stable carbon and nitrogen isotopic composition of particulate organic matter(POM) were measured for samples collected from the Bering Sea in 2010 summer. Particulate organic carbon(POC) and particulate nitrogen(PN) showed high concentrations in the shelf and slope regions and decreased with depth in the slope and basin, indicating that biological processes play an important role on POM distribution. The low C/N ratio and heavy isotopic composition of POM, compared to those from the Alaska River, suggested a predominant contribution of marine biogenic organic matter in the Bering Sea. The fact that δ13C and δ15N generally increased with depth in the Bering Sea basin demonstrated that organic components with light carbon or nitrogen were decomposed preferentially during their transport to deep water. However, the high δ13C and δ15N observed in shelf bottom water were mostly resulted from sediment resuspension.  相似文献   

有机磷农药类雌/抗雄激素效应研究进展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王汝平  王军  孙长青  汝少国 《海洋科学》2014,38(12):128-135

<正>有机磷农药是世界范围内使用最广、用量最大的高效广谱杀虫剂之一[1],产量占我国农药总产量的40%以上[2]。农药的使用量中只有不到1%能对靶生物起作用,大部分漂浮在空气或残留在土壤中,并通过降雨、沉降和径流进入河流湖泊造成水体污染。2010年我国珠江河口流域水体中有机磷农药检测浓度范围为18.76~344.94 ng/L,其中甲拌磷已接近人类可接受范围的临界点[3]。此外,邕江、桑沟湾海域、厦门近海  相似文献   

膜技术在水产养殖废水处理中的应用进展     

宋迪  徐佳  单宝田  王栋 《海洋科学》2014,38(2):102-106

<正>随着我国工厂化养殖业的飞速发展,养殖规模与日俱增,如何实现养殖废水的有效循环使用,避免由此导致的水生态环境问题引起广泛关注。由于养殖过程中需向水体中投放饵料和化学品,作为养殖生物的营养和消毒剂,所以养殖废水中除含有剩余饵料外,还含有化学物质及富含氮、磷的养殖生物排泄物等有害物质。若不处理直接排放,可加剧邻近水域富营养  相似文献   

海洋污损细菌群落结构及其发酵液中化学成分的研究     

于洋  王建华  方圣涛  姜作真  周晓群  夏传海 《海洋科学》2014,38(9):27-32

从烟台附近海域通过挂板取样获得了污损微生物膜样品。利用高通量测序鉴定其中细菌有假交替单胞菌(Pseudoalteromonas sp.),芽孢杆菌(Bacillus sp.),盐单胞菌(Halomonas sp.),嗜冷杆菌(Psychrobacter sp.),肠杆菌(Enterobacter sp.)。通过对微生物膜污损细菌进行发酵培养,结合天然产物分离纯化和核磁共振鉴定技术,共从发酵液中分离并鉴定了9种次级代谢产物,其中4种是二酮哌嗪(Diketopiperazine,DKP)类信号分子,环(脯氨酸-甘氨酸)(1),环(脯氨酸-丙氨酸)(2),环(4-羟基-脯氨酸-亮氨酸)(3),环(脯氨酸-酪氨酸)(4),以及尿嘧啶(5),胸腺嘧啶(6),对羟基苯乙醇(7),十五烷酸(8),邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己)酯(9)。研究结果表明,烟台海域污损微生物膜中细菌组成多样,以假交替单胞菌和芽孢杆菌为主;污损细菌产生了多种代谢物,其中包括4种DKP类信号分子,该类物质可能对生物污损的发生具有调控作用,为探究生物污损和生物膜的作用机制奠定了基础。  相似文献   

合浦珠母贝贝壳珍珠层EDTA可溶性基质蛋白对无定形碳酸钙稳定性的影响     

林慧娟  方东  向量  谢莉萍  王洪钟  张贵友  麻彩萍  张荣庆 《海洋科学》2014,38(5):1-7

通过红外光谱、扫描电镜、能谱等方法探讨了合浦珠母贝贝壳珍珠层EDTA可溶性基质蛋白(ESM)对无定形碳酸钙(ACC)晶型转化的影响。试验结果显示,合浦珠母贝贝壳珍珠层ESM在镁离子存在的条件下能够显著抑制ACC的转化,并减少最终诱导形成的方解石中的镁离子含量。同时,珍珠层ESM具有调节方解石晶体晶貌的作用。  相似文献   

2011年南黄海辐射沙脊群海域浮游植物种类组成和密度的时空变化     

魏永杰  李伯康  曹维  蔡燕红  黄秀清  费岳军 《台湾海峡》2014,(2):190-197

于2011年2～12月,在南黄海辐射沙脊群海域设置6个采样站位,每逢双月份调查1次,研究该海域浮游植物密度及优势种的时空变化.调查共获得浮游植物87种,以硅藻种类最多.浮游植物密度呈周年双峰变化,分别在4月和8月成峰,4月峰值最大,水样浮游植物平均密度为1.59×104cells/dm3,网样浮游植物平均密度为2.71×106cells/m3,8月峰次之,水样浮游植物的平均密度为1.28×104cells/dm3,网样浮游植物平均密度为7.38×105cells/m3;浮游植物密度在2月和4月,北高南低,6月和8月中部高,外围较低,10月和12月南部高北部低.2月和4月,中肋骨条藻（Skeletonema costatum）为第一优势种,6月和12月虹彩圆筛藻（Coscinodiscus oculus-iridis）为第一优势种,8～10月琼氏圆筛藻（Coscinodiscus jonesianus）为第一优势种,枯水期（2月）铁氏束毛藻（Trichodesmium thiebautii）在局部海域形成优势.  相似文献   

莱州湾夏季大型底栖动物群落结构特征及其与历史资料的比较   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

刘晓收  赵瑞  华尔  路璐  张志南 《海洋通报》2014,33(3):283-292

2009年6月在莱州湾9个站位采集的大型底栖动物样品的研究结果,并与历史资料进行了对比。共鉴定出大型底栖动物96种,总平均丰度为1 902.21 ind./m2,总平均生物量为8.30 g/m2,其中软体动物占据绝对优势。基于丰度进行的CLUSTER聚类分析和MDS标序图将研究海域划分为3个组,与沉积物底质类型显著相关。研究海域底质类型包括粘土质粉砂、砂、砂质粉砂、粉砂质砂4种。通过BIOENV分析,影响其群落结构的主要环境因子有水深、底温、沉积物偏态、中值粒径、有机质、叶绿素含量。多样性指数反映各站位生物多样性差异较大。ABC曲线显示大部分站位群落结构受到中等程度扰动,只有2个站位显示未受扰动。通过与历史数据的对比发现,平均丰度较1980年代和1990年代有所增加,但物种数目明显减少。以上结果表明莱州湾近年来受人类活动影响较大,出现了不同程度的污染,导致大型底栖动物的群落结构发生变化及生物多样性下降。  相似文献   

平湖油气田主断裂西部烃源评价及油源对比     

陈原珍 《海洋地质译丛》2014,(3):1-6

平湖油气田主力含油气区位于平湖主断裂以东区域,油源主要来源于东部生烃凹陷的半封闭海湾暗色泥岩和煤层.公司于2011年11月在主断裂西部钻了一口探井XY井,目的是为探测主断裂西部含油气情况,扩大油气储量.结果钻遇油气层12m,测试获日产气14.66×104m3,日产油107.8 m3,取得了一定突破.为进一步评价西部含油气规模,钻后进行了油源对比研究,认为西部的油气主要是东部运移聚集的结果,西部源岩也有一定贡献.西部有形成一定规模油气藏的潜力.  相似文献