Coastal ecosystem change in Asia: hypoxia,eutrophication, and nutrient conditions     

Guo  Xinyu  Morimoto  Akihiko  Zhou  Feng  Yoshie  Naoki  Damar  Ario  Takikawa  Tetsutaro 《Journal of Oceanography》2021,77(6):829-830

Journal of Oceanography -  相似文献   

Gakkel洋中脊基底隆起的非对称地壳结构          下载免费PDF全文

凌子龙  高金耀  赵俐红  杨春国  管清胜  张涛 《地球物理学报》2019,62(5):1755-1771

超慢速扩张的北冰洋Gakkel洋中脊具有六个沿扩张方向的线性基底隆起(本文编号为A—F).这些线性基底隆起在中轴两侧的地球物理场和地壳结构呈现不同程度的非对称性.本文利用Gakkel洋中脊的地形、空间重力异常(FAA)和航空磁力数据,计算了它的扩张速率、剩余地幔布格重力异常(RMBA)、地壳厚度和非均衡地形.根据中轴两侧地形和地壳厚度的对称关系,我们将六个基底隆起分为对称型和非对称型两种类型.整体上,B、D和F区基底隆起在中轴两侧的地形和地壳厚度的非对称幅值(两侧差值的绝对值)较小,其中地形的非对称幅值分别为～157m、～125m、～208m,地壳厚度的非对称幅值分别为～1km、～0.06km、～0.3km;而A、C和E区的非对称幅值较大,其中地形的非对称幅值分别为～510m、～410m、～673m,地壳厚度的非对称幅值分别为～2km、～2.5km、～1.1km.我们因此推断B、D和F区具有相对对称的地壳结构,而A、C和E区具有非对称的地壳结构.根据A、C和E区中轴两侧非均衡地形的对称关系和非对称地形的补偿状态,推测A区的非对称性可能是由岩浆分配不均所导致;而C区和E区的非对称性可能是由构造断层作用使断层下盘向上抬升变薄所导致.我们进一步推测洋中脊走向的改变可能使得构造作用更易集中于基底隆起的一侧.  相似文献   

Spectra of seismic force reduction factors of MDOF systems normalized by two characteristic periods     

Li  Xiao  Tong  Genshu  Zhang  Lei 《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2020,19(1):53-69

Seismic force reduction factor(SFRF) spectra of shear-type multi-degree-of-freedom(MDOF) structures are investigated. The modified Clough model, capable of considering the strength-degradation/hardening and stiffnessdegradation, is adopted. The SFRF mean spectra using 102 earthquake records on a typical site soil type(type C) are constructed with the period abscissa being divided into three period ranges to maintain the peak features at the two sitespecific characteristic periods. Based on a large number of results, it is found that the peak value of SFRF spectra may also exist for MDOF, induced by large high-mode contributions to elastic base shear, besides the mentioned two peak values. The variations of the stiffness ratio λk and the strength ratio λF of the top to bottom story are both considered. It is found that the SFRFs for λF≤λk are smaller than those for λF λk. A SFRF modification factor for MDOF systems is proposed with respect to SDOF. It is found that this factor is significantly affected by the story number and ductility. With a specific λF(= λk0.75), SFRF mean spectra are constructed and simple solutions are presented for MDOF systems. For frames satisfying the strong column/weak beam requirement, an approximate treatment in the MDOF shear-beam model is to assign a post-limit stiffness 15%-35% of the initial stiffness to the hysteretic curve. SFRF spectra for MDOF systems with 0.2 and 0.3 times the post-limit stiffness are remarkably larger than those without post-limit stiffness. Thus, the findings that frames with beam hinges have smaller ductility demand are explained through the large post-limit stiffness.  相似文献   

70年来中国化学海洋学研究的主要进展   总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2  

宋金明  王启栋  张润  陈建芳  陈敏  徐忠胜 《海洋学报》2019,41(10):65-80

我国的海洋化学工作者通过70年来，特别是近30年来的化学海洋学研究，实现了我国与世界先进水平进入同步发展的快车道，其显著的特点是:(1)化学海洋学研究从元素地球化学分布系统转向了以揭示深层次海洋生物地球化学过程为核心的研究；(2)化学海洋学研究实现了多领域、多视点的综合交叉研究；(3)更加关注了人为影响与自然变化共同作用下的海洋生态环境变化研究，对近海和海岸带而言，更加注重从海陆统筹一体化角度探析化学物质的分布迁移特征。本文从生源要素的海洋生物地球化学过程、微/痕量元素与同位素的海洋化学研究、生物过程作用下的化学海洋学过程等角度，重点总结归纳和分析了30年来我国海洋化学研究的重要进展和发展状况，以期对化学海洋学的进一步研究提供借鉴和启迪。  相似文献   

Numerical Simulation on Flow Past Two Side-by-Side Inclined Circular Cylinders at Low Reynolds Number     

Liu  Cai  Gao  Yang-yang  Qu  Xin-chen  Wang  Bin  Zhang  Bao-feng 《中国海洋工程》2019,33(3):344-355

A series of three-dimensional numerical simulations is carried out to investigate the effect of inclined angle on flow behavior behind two side-by-side inclined cylinders at low Reynolds number Re=100 and small spacing ratio T/D=1.5 (T is the center-to-center distance between two side-by-side cylinders, D is the diameter of cylinder). The instantaneous and time-averaged flow fields, force coefficients and Strouhal numbers are analyzed. Special attention is focused on the axial flow characteristics with variation of the inclined angle. The results show that the inclined angle has a significant effect on the gap flow behaviors behind two inclined cylinders. The vortex shedding behind two cylinders is suppressed with the increase of the inclined angle as well as the flip-flop gap flow. Moreover, the mean drag coefficient, root-mean-square lift coefficient and Strouhal numbers decrease monotonously with the increase of the inclined angle, which follows the independent principle at small inclined angles.

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海底观测网发展现状及趋势研究     

陈建冬  张达  王潇  潘筱屹  王策男  张自丽  葛辉良 《海洋技术学报》2019,38(6):95-103

文中详细研究了当前世界上最典型的海底观测网的建设发展规模、形式、设备类型以及我国海底观测网的发展现状,并对国内外海底观测网的发展趋势进行总结。对日本、加拿大、美国及欧洲的海底观测网进行了设备级研究,对我国台湾地区、东海、南海的海底观测网现状进行了研究,并讨论了国外先进观测网对我国的海底观测网建设的借鉴意义。文中总结出海底观测网发展的整体趋势为:单节点网络加速验证新型设备及传感器的水下能力;区域尺度网络用于加速多学科发展并提升灾害预警能力;而浮标平台网络作为补充,铺设在远海区域以降低阶段建设成本。  相似文献   

基于热力图数据的杭州商业综合体活力影响因素分析     

张小东  韩昊英  舒贤帆 《地球信息科学学报》2019,21(11):1745-1754

为了防止商业综合体建设过剩,形成商业综合体之间的恶性竞争。本文基于微信易出行插件里面的城市热力图数据,以杭州市5个商业综合体为例,获取可以量化的热力值数据,对不同类型的商业综合体活力影响因素进行对比分析研究。研究发现：① 城市商业综合体布局密度、周边用地用途、销售模式、内部功能布局以及内部空间活力5个要素对商业综合体活力的影响最明显;② 商业综合体的高密度布局对其活力存在抑制作用,通过对比各个服务半径内的商业综合体的活力变化,发现商业综合体合理的服务半径应该大于1.0 km。商业综合体周边的居住用地、广场和公园用地对其活力具有增强作用,办公用地对商业综合体活力的影响较弱;③ 针对不同消费对象制定的不同销售模式,也会对商业综合体活力变化产生显著影响;④ 在公共活动空间相对缺乏的区域内,以零售为主且兼具城市公共活动空间的商业综合体比以主力店为主的商业综合体的活力更高,空间利用率越高的商业综合体活力也越高,商业综合体承担部分城市公共活动空间的职能对商业综合体的活力起到了提升作用。  相似文献   

路基煤矸石填料土-水特征曲线试验研究     

陈仁朋  王朋飞  刘鹏  程威  康馨  杨微 《岩土力学》2020,41(2):372-378

煤矸石作为煤层开采和洗选过程中产生的废弃料，常用于路基填筑。压实的路基煤矸石填料存在双孔隙群结构，其土-水特征曲线（SWCC）具有双台阶现象。而SWCC与土体非饱和渗透系数密切相关，对路基内部水分运移以及路基长期累积变形有重要影响。为了探究压实度、粉粒含量、最大颗粒粒径对双台阶SWCC的影响，对路基煤矸石填料进行了一系列压力板试验，并采用描述双台阶SWCC的Bi-V-G公式拟合实测SWCC，分析了模型参数变化规律。试验结果表明，粉粒含量为5%时，不同压实度试样SWCC均存在双台阶现象；粉粒含量为50%时，随着压实度增大，试样SWCC由双台阶形过渡为单台阶形，在0.90和0.95压实度之间存在一个界限值，双台阶现象消失；增大压实度、提高粉粒含量或减小最大颗粒粒径，均会使SWCC台阶高差减小。随着压实度增大或粉粒含量提高，模型参数 、 （与进气值有关的参数）和 、 （与排水程度有关的参数）值均逐渐减小，试样大、小孔隙部分均进气值增大，持水能力提高。  相似文献   

Obtaining the distribution of quiescent periods directly from the power spectral densities of Sea waves     

《Applied Ocean Research》2019

There is a growing practical interest in the ability to increase the sea states at which marine operations can be safely undertaken by exploiting the quiescent periods that are well known to exist under a wide range of sea conditions. While the actual prediction of quiescent periods at sea for the control of operations is a deterministic process, the long term planning of future maritime tasks that rely on these quiescent periods is a statistical process involving the anticipated quiescence properties of the forecasted sea conditions in the geographical region of interest. It is in principle possible to obtain such data in tabular form either large scale simulation or from field data. However, such simulations are computationally intensive and libraries of appropriate field data are not common. Thus, it is clearly attractive to develop techniques that exploit standard wave spectral models for describing the quiescence statistics directly from such spectra. The present study focuses upon such techniques and is a first step towards the production of a computationally low-cost quiescence prediction tool and compares its efficacy against simulations. Two significant properties emerge for a large class of wave spectral models that encompasses the ubiquitous Neumann and Pierson Moskowitz or Bretschneider forms. Firstly, the auto-correlation function of the wave profile that are required to produce the quiescence property can be obtained analytically in terms of standard special functions. This considerably reduces the computational cost making desktop computer-based planning tools a reality. Secondly, for each class of these parametric spectra, the probability of a given number of consecutive wave heights (normalised to the significant wave heights) less than some critical value is in fact independent of absolute wave height. Thus, for a broad class of practically interesting wave spectra all that is required to obtain the statistical distribution of the quiescent periods is simple rescaling.  相似文献   

Relationship Between Electrical Properties and Sedimentary Environment of the Longmaxi Formation Shale, Southern Sichuan     

YANG Kai  ZHANG Bing  WANG Xuben  HE Lanfang  YANG Hongyu  WANG Pengwan  TANG Jialin  DENG Jixin  ZHANG Cong 《《地质学报》英文版》2020,94(5):1531-1546

The Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation in the south of Sichuan is a key player in the exploration and development of shale gas in China. Due to a highly complex topographic area, electromagnetic methods (EM) become important exploration means in this area. Many studies have been conducted on the shale mineral composition and electrical properties of shale, however, the correlation between sedimentary environments and the electrical properties of shale remain poorly understood. The electrical properties and sedimentary environment of the organic-rich shale of the Longmaxi Formation have been studied by means of X-ray diffraction, organic geochemistry, scanning electron microscopy and complex resistivity measurements. The discovered high quartz content of the Longmaxi Formation shale results in low resistivity. Deep-water shelf biogenic quartz contributes lower resistivity more than that of shallow-water terrigenous quartz. The deep-water anoxic and organic sedimentary environment led to major enrichment of pyrite, leading to a high polarization effect in shale. We present the correlation between the lithofacies types and electrical properties of Longmaxi Formation. The mixed siliceous shale lithofacies is the most favorable among the three lithofacies, which is characterized by high total organic carbon (TOC) content, high brittleness mineral content, high polarization and low resistivity (“three high and one low”). This feature is an effective identification of shale gas reservoirs by electromagnetic prospecting. Our study can provide constraints on electrical parameters of rocks for electromagnetic “sweet spot” exploration of shale gas, and so this has important geological significance to shale gas exploration and development.  相似文献