象山港海域分区评价方法研究          下载免费PDF全文

金余娣  叶林安  刘莲  章紫宁  鲁水 《海洋开发与管理》2020,37(7):45-48

文章根据2011-2018年在象山港海域调查的象山港水文、水团、水环境、沉积物环境、生物生态等调查数据，将象山港海域划分为若干个具有不同生态变化特征的区域，研究象山港海域内的空间异质性，以便剖析各区域环境的问题。研究发现：象山港水交换特征、水团分布、水环境、沉积环境和生物生态特征将象山港划分为A、B、C、D、E 5个区评价较为合理。该方法可以有效并合理地对象山港海域做出评价，并为相关海洋科学工作者和管理者提供科学依据。  相似文献   

Evaluation of groundwater quality and pollution in Daqing Oilfield          下载免费PDF全文

WU Ting-wen  WANG Li-huan  WANG Lin-shu  KONG Qing-xuan 《地下水科学与工程》2018,6(1):40-48

Daqing Oilfield is located in the northeast of Songnen Plain in Daqing City, Heilongjiang Province, which is a petrochemical industry gathering place based on petroleum refining, chemical industry, chemical fiber and fertilizer. In recent years, the quantity demand of petroleum and petrochemical production for groundwater in Daqing Oilfield is growing, and it’s of great significance to analyze and study the quality and pollution degree of groundwater for groundwater exploitation, utilization and protection. In this paper, groundwater quality of Daqing Oilfield evaluated by Nemerow Index is poor, and most points are Class IV groundwater; When evaluating groundwater pollution by hierarchical ladder method, the results show that the severe and extremely severe pollution points account for 34.48% in shallow phreatic water and 20% in deep confined water, showing that shallow groundwater is more seriously polluted than the deep. The main components influencing the quality of groundwater in the study area are total hardness, total dissolved solids, Cl-, SO42- and so on, which are affected by both the native environment and human activities; The main pollution components in groundwater are nitrite and nitrate nitrogen which are affected by human activities. Daqing Oilfield groundwater pollution is characterized by inorganic pollution, while organic components related to human activities contribute less to the groundwater pollution currently.  相似文献   

CCSM4模式对东北气温和降水的模拟及预估   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张海娜  侯依玲  赵春雨  刘鸣彦  王涛  周晓宇  崔妍  敖雪  易雪 《气象与环境学报》2019,(1):72-78

利用东北地区162个气象观测站逐月气温和降水资料对CCSM4模式的模拟性能进行了评价,并预估了2021—2050年东北地区的气候变化情景。结果表明:CCSM4模式长期历史气候模拟实验模拟的1961—2005年月平均气温、降水量值能较好地再现东北区域年平均气温、降水量的空间分布形态,但气温模拟值比观测偏低,91. 4%站点误差在1. 5℃以内;降水中心比观测略偏北,全区平均偏多35. 18 mm。2021—2050年东北区域年平均气温呈增温趋势,高纬度地区的增温幅度明显大于低纬度地区,与基准年相比,RCP2. 6、RCP4. 5和RCP8. 5情景下全区分别偏高6. 00℃、5. 86℃和6. 42℃。年降水量分布呈东南向西北递减的形态,降水大值中心出现在东南部吉林与辽宁交界处,RCP2. 6、RCP4. 5和RCP8. 5情景下全区分别偏多15. 2%、3. 1%和2. 0%。  相似文献   

海南岛天然橡胶林台风灾害风险评价   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

黄海静  杨再强  王春乙  张京红  张亚杰  张明洁 《气象与环境学报》2019,35(5):130-136

台风灾害是海南橡胶种植中影响最为严重和主要的灾害,为对其风险进行定量评估,本研究以海南岛天然橡胶林为研究对象,基于灾害风险评估理论,融合橡胶台风灾害、社会经济和气象数据,建立橡胶台风灾害危险性、暴露性和脆弱性评价模型,利用加权综合评价法开展天然橡胶林台风灾害风险评价。结果表明：海南橡胶种植高风险区位于沿海台风发生频繁市县,其中琼海、文昌、海口为海南岛橡胶灾害风险最高的地区,其次陵水、万宁、琼中、屯昌、东方等地区灾害风险也较高。风险最低地区位于中部五指山、保亭、乐东、三亚等地区,评价结果与实际灾害发生以及种植情况相符。评价结果表明,台风灾害危险性是风险的主导因子,但非单一决定因子,种植技术、品种改良等措施对脆弱性降低起到了较好的促进作用。评价结果可为橡胶林避灾防灾及种植布局提供依据。  相似文献   

NURE航空计划回顾与新时代航空γ能谱勘查启示     

李敬敏  米耀辉  骆遥 《物探与化探》2021,(2):394-402

国家铀资源评价(NURE)计划实现了覆盖美国本土和阿拉斯加的1∶250000 NTMS图幅航空γ能谱测量和航磁测量,通过简要回顾该计划历程,重点针对NURE中航空地球物理勘查(航空γ能谱和航磁测量),讨论了航空地球物理勘查中测量技术、数据处理及解释方法等。NURE航空测量在铀矿勘查和辐射环境评价、洲际航空地球物理编图等领域发挥了巨大作用,产生了意义深远的影响。在总结NURE航空测量经验和做法的基础上,针对我国航空γ能谱测量勘查现状,建议从国家层面进行顶层设计,尽快实施我国陆域范围内的航空γ能谱和航磁框架性测量,实现对我国陆域航空γ能谱测量全覆盖,建设具有中国特色的航空γ能谱测量与监测体系。  相似文献   

Confronting the nitrogen challenge: Options for governance and target setting     

《Global Environmental Change》2019

The release of excessive anthropogenic nitrogen contributes to global climate change, biodiversity loss, and the degradation of ecosystem services. Despite being an urgent global problem, the excess nitrogen is not governed globally. This paper considers possible governance options for dealing with excessive nitrogen through target setting, which is an approach commonly adopted to address global environmental problems. The articulation of the nitrogen problem and the numerous international institutions dealing with it, provide evidence of a nitrogen regime characterised by limited coordination and targets covering sources and impacts only partially. This calls for improving the nitrogen governance in the direction of more integrated approaches at the global scale. In this vein, the paper investigates two opposite governance options – here labelled as ‘holistic’ and ‘origin-based’ – and evaluates them for their capability to define solutions and targets for human-induced nitrogen. From the analysis, it emerges that origin-based solutions can be preferable to holistic solutions as they can be more specific and potentially have greater immediate results. Independent from which governance arrangement is chosen, what matters most is the speed at which an arrangement can deploy solutions to combat (fast-growing) nitrogen pollution.  相似文献   

Where is my neighborhood? A dynamic individual-based definition of home ranges and implementation of multiple evaluation criteria     

《Applied geography (Sevenoaks, England)》2017

With the growing interest in studying characteristics of geographical context and its influence upon people, the concept of home range has been a focus of scholarly research. Home ranges are studied extensively across multiple disciplines, with literature supporting different operationalization techniques. This article argues that many of the existing approaches are not dynamic and versatile enough and do not provide reliable solutions for estimating individual home ranges. We additionally argue that many of current studies lack robust evaluation approaches. Recent evidences suggest that the usual approaches, which often exclusively rely on a single validation criterion, are not reliable and may be influenced by inferential errors. This study aims to tackle the exiting limitations in definition and operationalization of individual-based home range models and provide a more robust solution for their evaluation and comparison. Using data collected through public participation GIS we develop an applied, dynamic, and parametric model of individual home ranges. Subsequently, we propose multiple criteria comprising five validation hypotheses to evaluate model's effectiveness. We argue that application of this approach in evaluating spatial delimitation models can ameliorate the risk of biased validation resulting from inferential errors. The evaluation results indicate a substantial improvement in coverage of visited points compared to previously used static methods. Consequently, this paper draws a number of conclusions that can serve as guidelines for future research. This paper highlights the strengths and weaknesses of the proposed method and explains how it can be improved and employed in future studies investigating contextual effects on residents.  相似文献   

地下水源热泵应用适宜性评价指标体系研究     

王贵玲  刘云  蔺文静  李元杰  师永霞 《城市地质》2011,6(3):6-11

本文通过分析影响我国区域地下水源热泵建设的几个重要因素,运用层次分析的方法,建立了我国区域地下水源热泵适宜性评价的指标体系。分析过程中通过运用Arcgis、Mapgis等绘图及空间分析软件,结合我国区域部分资料,对数据进行矢量化、分类与标准化,利用Arcgis的空间分析功能对地下水源热泵建设的适宜性进行了分区。将我国已经建立地下水源热泵的区域与评价结果进行分析比较,表明所建立的指标体系正确,评价结果可信,从而为地下水源热泵系统设计人员提供了一定的依据,为地下水源热泵因地制宜、合理有序的应用,提供了参考。  相似文献   

郑州市地下水源热泵应用适宜性与环境影响分析     

田良河  刘新号  闫震鹏  焦红军  杨坡  谭菊萍 《城市地质》2011,6(4):51-56

本文在分析郑州市现有地温空调系统应用的基础上,从水文地质条件、浅层地温场特征、经济效益等方面分析了郑州市地下水源热泵应用的适宜性,研究了热泵运行对地下水环境的影响,认为地下水源热泵应用效果较好,经济社会效益明显,适宜推广应用,为城市地下水源热泵发展应用提供了依据。  相似文献   

碳酸盐岩烃源岩判识与实践——以四川盆地为例   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

黄籍中  吕宗刚 《海相油气地质》2011,16(3):8-14

碳酸盐岩可以成为烃源岩,并为油气藏提供丰富的烃源,但不是所有碳酸盐岩都可以视为烃源岩。碳酸盐岩在成藏进程中,往往作为输导层或储集层,并常有外源有机质的干扰。碳酸盐岩烃源岩应该是有机质原生赋存(与矿物结合成为沉积的一部分),具有一定丰度值,在适宜的热成熟阶段,同样可以形成液态烃和气态烃。碳酸盐岩烃源岩发育于低能环境的沉积相——开阔海台地相、局限海台地相、生物泥丘相、斜坡相,等等。泥质泥晶灰岩,生物泥—粒泥岩—泥粒岩微相,应该是碳酸盐岩烃源岩的主要岩类。碳酸盐岩烃源岩与油系泥质烃源岩比较,具有油窗凸显且高峰期前移、气态烃峰期不明显且有后延、液态烃产率高的特点。据对碳酸盐岩烃源潜量的评估,它在四川盆地烃源中占20%～25%,为油气成藏作出了重要贡献。  相似文献