Low‐P and high‐T metamorphism of basalts: Insights from the Sudbury impact melt sheet aureole and thermodynamic modelling     

Taus R. C. Jrgensen  Douglas K. Tinkham  C. Michael Lesher 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2019,37(2):271-313

Low‐pressure and high‐temperature (LP–HT) metamorphism of basaltic rocks, which occurs globally and throughout geological time, is rarely constrained by forward phase equilibrium modelling, yet such calculations provide valuable supplementary thermometric information and constraints on anatexis that are not possible to obtain from conventional thermometry. Metabasalts along the southern margin of the Sudbury Igneous Complex (SIC) record evidence of high‐grade contact metamorphism involving partial melting and melt segregation. Peak metamorphic temperatures reached at least ~925°C at ~1–3 kbar near the SIC contact. Preservation of the peak mineral assemblage indicates that most of the generated melt escaped from these rocks leaving a residuum characterized by a plagioclase–orthopyroxene–clinopyroxene–ilmenite‐magnetite±melt assemblage. Peak temperatures reached ~875°C up to 500 m from the SIC lower contact, which marks the transition to metabasalts that only experienced incipient partial melting without melt loss. Metabasalts ~500 to 750 m from the SIC contact are characterized by a similar two‐pyroxene mineral assemblage, but typically contain abundant hornblende that overgrew clino‐ and orthopyroxene along an isobaric cooling path. Metabasalts ~750 to 1,000 m from the SIC contact are characterized by a hornblende–plagioclase–quartz–ilmenite assemblage indicating temperatures up to ~680°C. Mass balance and phase equilibria calculations indicate that anatexis resulted in 10–20% melt generation in the inner ~500 m of the aureole, with even higher degrees of melting towards the contact. Comparison of multiple models, experiments, and natural samples indicates that modelling in the Na₂O–CaO–FeO–MgO–Al₂O₃–SiO₂–H₂O–TiO₂–O₂ (NCFMASHTO) system results in the most reliable predictions for the temperature of the solidus. Incorporation of K₂O in the most recent amphibole solution model now successfully predicts dehydration melting by the coexistence of high‐Ca amphibole and silicate melt at relatively low pressures (~1.5 kbar). However, inclusion of K₂O as a system component results in prediction of the solidus at too low a temperature. Although there are discrepancies between modelling predictions and experimental results, this study demonstrates that the pseudosection approach to mafic rocks is an invaluable tool to constrain metamorphic processes at LP–HT conditions.  相似文献   

东昆仑金水口地区格林威尔期超高温麻粒岩   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

何凡  宋述光 《岩石学报》2020,36(4):1030-1040

格林威尔期构造事件是了解罗迪尼亚超大陆形成的关键。本文报道了东昆仑造山带东段金水口地区古生代花岗岩中新发现二辉麻粒岩包体,其峰期变质矿物组合为单斜辉石+紫苏辉石+钙长石+石英+磁铁矿。通过锆石U-Pb测年,我们确定二辉麻粒岩样品的峰期变质年龄为995±34Ma,并受到泥盆纪(～417Ma)构造热事件的叠加改造。利用单斜辉石-斜方辉石温压计估算出该区二辉麻粒岩变质峰期温度867～1079℃,压力46～89kbar,属于低压超高温变质的温压范围,可能形成于高地温梯度的岛弧环境。该二辉麻粒岩是首次在东昆仑地区发现的格林威尔期超高温麻粒岩,代表罗迪尼亚超大陆汇聚过程中低压高温变质的产物。该发现对了解东昆仑造山带前寒武纪基底的构造属性和起源有重要意义。  相似文献   

黄河三角洲湿地资源地质环境评价与保护对策研究          下载免费PDF全文

王强  张红军  张太平  王薇  刘洋  赵慧  王奎峰  张瑞华 《山东国土资源》2018,34(5)

黄河三角洲是中国唯一一块保存最完整、最典型、最年轻的湿地生态系统,由于其地理位置优越、自然资源丰富等特点,在国际上备受关注。该文在已有资料分析、现场地质调查、遥感数据分析的基础上,构建了黄河三角洲湿地资源地质环境评价指标体系,采用定量与定性相结合的方法,将黄河三角洲湿地地质环境质量分为5个等级(优、良、一般、较差和差),研究结果表明,该地区19个县(市、区)中湿地地质环境资源质量为良的有8个,质量一般的为11个,总体处于健康-疾病的临界状态。并基于以上研究成果,针对性地提出了黄河三角洲湿地资源保护对策。  相似文献   

黑龙江省海伦市长发镇土地质量地球化学评价及开发建议     

刘国栋  杨泽  戴慧敏  张一鹤  肖红叶  陈江 《地质与资源》2020,29(6):533-542

基于海伦市长发镇1：1万土地质量地球化学调查获得的土壤重金属元素和养分元素数据，参照土壤环境质量标准（GB15618—2018）和土地质量地球化学评价规范（DZ/T0295—2016），采用单指标评价法对研究区土壤养分和土壤环境质量进行评价，并在此基础上，将两者叠加分析，对研究区进行土地质量地球化学综合判定.结果表明：研究区内土壤养分以丰富及较丰富为主，分别占长发镇总面积的37.49%和62.22%，区内缺乏B、Mo；研究区99.94%的土地为无风险（一等），0.06%的土地为风险可控（二等），风险可控土地主要受Cd及Hg元素的影响；土地质量地球化学综合评价结果显示，研究区以一等（优质）土地为主，占评价区总面积的99.66%；研究发现长发镇富Se土地资源面积19.25 km²，土壤中Se含量为0.4×10^-6～1.4×10^-6，平均值为0.44×10^-6；长发镇符合绿色食品产地的耕地面积138.44 km²，占调查区耕地面积的99.84%，其中绿色富Se、绿色食品产地分别为18.53 km²和119.91 km².  相似文献   

Influence of dissolution/reprecipitation reactions on metamorphic greenschist to amphibolite facies mica 40Ar/39Ar ages in the Longmen Shan (eastern Tibet)          下载免费PDF全文

Laura Airaghi  Clare J. Warren  Julia de Sigoyer  Pierre Lanari  Valérie Magnin 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2018,36(7):933-958

Linking ages to metamorphic stages in rocks that have experienced low‐ to medium‐grade metamorphism can be particularly tricky due to the rarity of index minerals and the preservation of mineral or compositional relicts. The timing of metamorphism and the Mesozoic exhumation of the metasedimentary units and crystalline basement that form the internal part of the Longmen Shan (eastern Tibet, Sichuan, China), are, for these reasons, still largely unconstrained, but crucial for understanding the regional tectonic evolution of eastern Tibet. In situ core‐rim ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar biotite and U–Th/Pb allanite data show that amphibolite facies conditions (~10–11 kbar, 530°C to 6–7 kbar, 580°C) were reached at 210–180 Ma and that biotite records crystallization, rather than cooling, ages. These conditions are mainly recorded in the metasedimentary cover. The ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar ages obtained from matrix muscovite that partially re‐equilibrated during the post peak‐P metamorphic history comprise a mixture of ages between that of early prograde muscovite relicts and the timing of late muscovite recrystallization at c. 140–120 Ma. This event marks a previously poorly documented greenschist facies metamorphic overprint. This latest stage is also recorded in the crystalline basement, and defines the timing of the greenschist overprint (7 ± 1 kbar, 370 ± 35°C). Numerical models of Ar diffusion show that the difference between ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar biotite and muscovite ages cannot be explained by a slow and protracted cooling in an open system. The model and petrological results rather suggest that biotite and muscovite experienced different Ar retention and resetting histories. The Ar record in mica of the studied low‐ to medium‐grade rocks seems to be mainly controlled by dissolution–reprecipitation processes rather than by diffusive loss, and by different microstructural positions in the sample. Together, our data show that the metasedimentary cover was thickened and cooled independently from the basement prior to c. 140 Ma (with a relatively fast cooling at 4.5 ± 0.5°C/Ma between 185 and 140 Ma). Since the Lower Cretaceous, the metasedimentary cover and the crystalline basement experienced a coherent history during which both were partially exhumed. The Mesozoic history of the Eastern border of the Tibetan plateau is therefore complex and polyphase, and the basement was actively involved at least since the Early Cretaceous, changing our perspective on the contribution of the Cenozoic geology.  相似文献   

High‐T and low‐P metamorphism in the Xilingol Complex of central Inner Mongolia,China: An indicator of extension in a previous orogeny          下载免费PDF全文

Jin‐Rui Zhang  Chun‐Jing Wei  H. Chu 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2018,36(4):393-417

The Xilingol Complex comprises biotite gneisses and amphibolite interlayers with extensive migmatization. Four representative samples were documented and found to record either two or three metamorphic stages. Phase modelling using thermocalc suggests that the observed assemblages represent the final stages that underwent cooling from temperature peaks, and are consistent with a fluid‐absent solidus in P–T pseudosections. Their P–T conditions are further constrained to be 5–6 kbar/680–725°C and 4–5 kbar/650–680°C for two garnet‐bearing gneiss samples, 4–5 kbar/660–730°C for a cordierite‐bearing gneiss sample, and 4–5 kbar/680–710°C for an amphibolite sample based on mineral composition isopleths, involving measured Mg content in biotite, anorthite in plagioclase, grossular and pyrope in garnet and Ti content in amphibole. The peak temperature conditions recovered are 760–790°C or >760°C at 5–6 kbar based on the composition isopleths of plagioclase, biotite, garnet and especially the comparison of melt contents between the calculated and observed. A pre‐peak heating process with slight decompression can be suggested for some samples on the basis of the core–rim increase in the plagioclase anorthite, and the stability of ilmenite. Zircon U–Pb dating using the LA‐ICP‐MS method provides systemic constraints on the metamorphic ages of the Xilingol Complex to be 348–305 Ma, interpreted to represent the post‐peak cooling stages. Moreover, metagabbroic dykes that intruded into the Xilingol Complex yield 317 ± 3 Ma from magmatic zircon, and are considered to have played a significant role for heat advection triggering the high‐T and low‐P metamorphism. Thus, the clockwise P–T paths involving pre‐peak heating, peak and post‐peak cooling recovered for the Xilingol Complex are consistent with an extensional setting in the Carboniferous that developed on a previous orogen in response to addition of mantle‐derived materials probably together with upwelling of the asthenospheric mantle.  相似文献   

Nature and source of the ore-forming fluids associated with orogenic gold deposits in the Dharwar Craton     

Biswajit Mishra  Kamal Lochan Pruseth  Pranjit Hazarika  Sakthi Saravanan Chinnasam 《地学前缘(英文版)》2018,9(3):715-726

Neoarchean orogenic gold deposits, associated with the greenstone-granite milieus in the Dharwar Craton include(1) the famous Kolar mine and the world class Hutti deposit;(2) small mines at HiraBuddini, Uti, Ajjanahalli, and Guddadarangavanahalli;(3) prospects at Jonnagiri; and(4) old mining camps in the Gadag and Ramagiri-Penakacherla belts. The existing diametric views on the source of ore fluid for formation of these deposits include fluids exsolved from granitic melts and extracted by metamorphic devolatilization of the greenstone sequences. Lode gold mineralization occurs in structurally controlled higher order splays in variety of host rocks such as mafic/felsic greenstones, banded iron formations, volcaniclastic rocks and granitoids. Estimated metamorphic conditions of the greenstones vary from lower greenschist facies to mid-amphibolite facies and mineralizations in all the camps are associated with distinct hydrothermal alterations. Fluid inclusion microthermometric and Raman spectroscopic studies document low salinity aqueous-gaseous(H_2O + CO_2 ± CH_4 + NaCl) ore fluids,which precipitated gold and altered the host rocks in a narrow P-T window of 0.7-2.5 kbar and 215-320℃. While the calculated fluid O-and C-isotopic values are ambiguous, S-isotopic compositions of pyrite-precipitating fluid show distinct craton-scale uniformity in terms of its reduced nature and a suggested crustal sulfur source.Available ages on greenstone metamorphism, granitoid plutonism and mineralization in the Hutti Belt are tantamount, making a geochronology-based resolution of the existing debate on the metamorphic vs.magmatic fluid source impossible. In contrast, tourmaline geochemistry suggests involvement of single fluid in formation of gold mineralization, primarily derived by metamorphic devolatilization of mafic greenstones and interlayered sedimentary rocks, with minor magmatic contributions. Similarly, compositions of scheelite, pyrite and arsenopyrite point toward operation of fault-valves that caused pressure fluctuation-induced fluid phase separation, which acted as the dominant process of gold precipitation,apart from fluid-rock sulfidation reactions. Therefore, results from geochemistry of hydrothermal minerals and those from fluid inclusion microthermometry corroborate in constraining source of ore fluid,nature of gold transport(by Au-bisulfide complex) and mechanism of gold ore formation in the Dharwar Craton.  相似文献   

宁波地区空气质量及大气自净能力海陆差异对比     

杨栋  朱佳敏  姚日升  涂小萍 《气象与环境学报》2019,35(3):52-59

以镇海、奉化分别作为宁波沿海和内陆空气质量代表站。基于代表站2013-2017年污染物资料和2015年12月至2017年2月冬季激光雷达资料,对比分析宁波地区沿海和内陆站点的空气质量差异;利用NCEP的GDAS(Global Data Assimilation System)资料和ERA-Interim高分辨率再分析资料评估两地气溶胶来源及大气自净能力差异。结果表明:宁波沿海和内陆地区中度及以上污染主要集中于冬季,冬季首要污染物以PM2.5为主;镇海NO2浓度较奉化显著偏高,而两地PM2.5 和PM10 浓度差异较小。冬季镇海和奉化3km以下都存在消光系数大的气溶胶集中层,镇海3km内消光系数平均值较奉化偏高约40%。两地中度及以上污染时,镇海和奉化的气溶胶粒子主要来自宁波西北方向的内陆地区,比例分别为90%和63%,镇海地区其余10%左右来自近距离低空偏东气流的输送,而奉化地区有37%来自浙江西南部的短距离输送。冬季当宁波地区出现区域性优和中度以上污染时,浙江北部沿海分别盛行东北风和西北风,空气质量优时混合层内平均风速大于中度以上污染时。浙江省大气自净能力比值呈自西北向东南减小,宁波地区优等空气质量大气自净能力约为中度以上污染的 1.5倍。大气自净能力在不同空气质量等级下差异显著,可作为大气污染发生、发展和消退判定的参考依据。  相似文献   

关于巴罗式变质带的最新研究及其对研究秦岭杂岩的意义   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

任留东  李崇  王彦斌  李淼 《岩石学报》2018,34(4):913-924

本文对苏格兰高地Grampian造山运动中产生的经典巴罗变质带进行了讨论,重点介绍了近年来关于其变质作用的特征及发生机制认识方面的重大变化。强调巴罗变质作用仅发生在整个造山运动过程中的部分时段,纪录了短暂的加热过程,时空上与区域内大规模的双峰式岩浆活动有关。经典的巴罗变质系列并非形成于地壳增厚及其热弛豫,而是代表了中地壳内大规模的接触变质作用。参考经典地区的变质特征,对发育巴罗式变质作用的秦岭杂岩进行了初步对比分析,指出其中与夕线石有关的变质P-T-t轨迹可能是等压冷却过程,而不是等温降压的顺时针演化模式。秦岭杂岩的变质作用时间仍需要进一步准确厘定。结合其它相关地质特征的分析和对比,得出如下推论:巴罗式变质带发育地区的变质作用、混合岩与花岗岩均属于同一动力系统作用的结果,花岗质岩体不是变质作用的原因;基性岩浆可能提供了巴罗式变质作用发生所需要的热能,但不是必要条件;巴罗式变质作用可以发生在正常地壳厚度情况下,不是碰撞构造的标志;伴随热异常的变形过程中产生了变质带的梯度分布(巴罗式变质带)和一些花岗岩,形成类似于底辟的冲起构造。  相似文献   

聚龙小镇DZK1地热勘查孔钻探施工技术          下载免费PDF全文

张东方 《探矿工程》2018,45(11):29-33

地热勘查孔（探采结合孔）是在矿山钻探施工工艺的基础上进行的探索性施工。着重介绍了福建省泉州市聚龙小镇DZK1地热勘查孔在钻探施工过程中遇到的施工难题以及新技术、新工艺的应用。如大口径单管取心、空压机洗井和活塞洗井相结合的洗井方法、套管的隔级使用、深孔测试钻杆密闭性、深孔磨钻头、在涌水量大的地层钻进等。  相似文献