Quantifying suitable dynamic water levels in marsh wetlands based on hydrodynamic modelling     

Peng Hu  Zefan Yang  Qiande Zhu  Weize Wang  Qin Yang 《水文研究》2021,35(2):e14054

The water level of marsh wetlands is a dominant force controlling the wetland ecosystem function, especially for aquatic habitat. For different species, water level requirements vary in time and space, and therefore ensuring suitable water levels in different periods is crucial for the maintenance of biodiversity in marsh wetlands. Based on hydrodynamic modelling and habitat suitability assessment, we determined suitable dynamic water levels considering aquatic habitat service at different periods in marsh wetlands. The two-dimensional hydrodynamic model was used to simulate the temporal and spatial variation of water level. The habitat suitability for target species at various water levels was evaluated to obtain the fitting curves between Weighted Usable Area (WUA) and water levels. And then suitable water levels throughout the year were proposed according to the fitting curves. Using the Zhalong Wetland (located in northeastern China) as a case study, we confirmed that the proposed MIKE 21 model can successfully be used to simulate the water level process in the wetland. Suitable water levels were identified as being from 143.9–144.2 m for April to May, 144.1–144.3 m for June to September, and 144.3–144.4 m for October to November (before the freezing season). Furthermore, proposed water diversion schemes have been identified which can effectively sustain the proposed dynamic water levels. This study is expected to provide appropriate guidance for the determination of environmental flows and water management strategies in marsh wetlands.  相似文献   

黄土高原沟谷地貌发育演化研究进展与展望     

熊礼阳  汤国安 《地球信息科学学报》2020,22(4):816-826

黄土沟谷是黄土地貌中最有活力、最具变化、最富特色的对象单元,黄土高原千沟万壑的地貌形态以及触目惊心的侵蚀状态也让区域内沟谷地貌的形成、发育及演化问题成为研究中焦点及前沿性科学问题。近年来,诸多学者采用地学测年法、特征表达法、监测模拟法力图实现对黄土沟谷发育演化进程中“过去-现代-未来”的科学认知。这些研究在相当程度上丰富了黄土沟谷发育过程的认知。本文梳理了黄土高原沟谷地貌演化相关研究的现状,并从黄土高原地貌演化、黄土沟谷发育、基于DEM的沟谷信息提取与表达等研究进行了系统的回顾、梳理与分析。此外,本文提出“黄土沟道剖面群组”概念与方法,试图从新的视角审视黄土沟谷地貌发育演化过程。沟道剖面在黄土沟谷发育演化进程中传递物质能量和累积地形动力,并通过径流节点的串联实现剖面群的连接与组合,形成独特的剖面“群组”模式;该沟道剖面群组是集黄土沟谷地貌特征与过程于一体的综合信息集成体,其三维空间结构是对黄土沟谷地貌发育演化的高度抽象与映射,并可望进一步丰富黄土高原数字地形分析理论与方法体系,为黄土高原黄土地貌成因机理与空间分异格局带来创新的认识。  相似文献   

基于UDF的水平轴潮流能水轮机被动旋转水动力性能研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

陈文鹏  刘胤超  陈立卫 《海洋工程》2018,36(2):119-126

针对水平轴潮流能水轮机被动旋转问题,基于Fluent 17.0,运用UDF(User Defined Function)控制滑移网格对网格进行动态调整,仿真研究水轮机在不同安放角下被动旋转的水动力特性。通过仿真分析,结果表明:潮流能水轮机随着叶片安放角度的增加,尖速比、输出功率、捕能系数都是先增大后减小,叶片安放角为6°时,叶轮前后速度差最大,对潮流能利用充分,且各项性能均达到最佳;通过分析叶片受力,叶尖叶素在安放角为2°时阻力最大,3°时升力最大,升阻比在6°时最大,此时叶尖叶素升阻比C_L/C_D=6.27、攻角α=3.06°。由仿真结果可知水平轴潮流能叶轮的自启动过程由5个阶段组成,即加速度增大的加速运动段—加速度减小的加速运动段—加速度反向增大的减速运动段—加速度反向减小的减速运动段—稳定运行段,这对潮流能水轮机的设计具有重要的指导意义。  相似文献   

莱州湾表层沉积物粒度和黏土矿物分布特征与运移趋势分析     

冯利  冯秀丽  宋湦  肖晓  田动会 《海洋科学》2018,42(2):1-9

运用粒度参数分析、黏土矿物含量分析、Flemming三角图示法和Gao-Collins二维的"粒度趋势分析"等方法,对采自莱州湾海域的表层沉积物样品和黏土矿物样品进行分析,了解了该研究区域的沉积环境及沉积物的运移趋势。研究区由岸向海沉积物类型大致依次为砂-粉砂质砂-砂质粉砂-粉砂-黏土质粉砂,并且研究区表层沉积物在近岸区域呈现较为明显的平行岸线的条带状特征;同时沉积物的平均粒径、分选系数、偏态、峰态等粒度参数也呈现出良好的正相关性或负相关性;研究区黏土矿物为伊利石、蒙脱石、绿泥石、高岭石,除伊利石分布大致为黄河三角洲近岸低,向研究区东北方向逐渐升高外,其余的黏土矿物都表现出了近岸高,远海低的分布特征,且主要物源为黄河物质输入。Flemming三角图研究区所有采样点大部分分布在Ⅱ区,少部分分布在Ⅲ区,说明研究区整体水动力较强;采样点在A—E区均有分布,但在C、D两区分布最多,说明研究区沉积物粒径较集中。研究区表层沉积物整体呈由岸向海输运的趋势,具体来看,黄河沉积物入海后向北、向东、向南运移,研究区内沉积物的来源是黄河输沙以及周围入海的小河流的输沙和沿岸冲刷的物质。  相似文献   

Developing a comprehensive evaluation method for Interconnected River System Network assessment: A case study in Tangxun Lake group     

Yang  Wei  Zhang  Liping  Zhang  Yanjun  Li  Zongli  Xiao  Yi  Xia  Jun 《地理学报(英文版)》2019,29(3):389-405

Journal of Geographical Sciences - The Interconnected River System Network (IRSN) plays a crucial role in water resource allocation, water ecological restoration and water quality improvement. It...  相似文献   

跨海大桥建设对胶州湾北部冬季结冰现象的影响     

石晓雨  张日东  张文静  张可玟 《海洋通报》2018,(6):633-642

本文利用台站观测、卫星遥感以及专项调查等多种数据,综合分析了近年来胶州湾典型水文气象要素的变化特征及建桥前后水动力环境等的变化对冬季冰情的影响。结果显示,建桥以来冰情较重的年份冬季气温和年最低气温均处于近30年的低位,重冰期与年最低气温时段相吻合,且以跨海大桥为界,北部海湾结冰现象严重,而南部几乎无结冰。基于区域海洋水动力模型(ECOM)的模拟结果显示,跨海大桥建设可以从几个方面影响胶州湾北部海冰的生消,即大桥建设使胶州湾尤其是大桥北侧的水动力环境弱化,落潮时桥北侧水体堆积,涨潮时桥北侧向陆一侧水位减小;大桥对桥位南北1.5 km周围涨、落潮流场产生影响;流场的变化又使得悬浮物对流扩散和沉积物输运发生改变,大桥北侧局部区域水深变浅。  相似文献   

射阳港近岸海域沉积物特征及冲淤趋势     

汤倩  闫玉茹  王敏京 《江苏地质》2021,45(3):283-289

海岸是陆地与海洋相互接触和影响的地带,通常指受波浪和潮汐等海洋动力作用的沿岸地带,同时也是人类社会经济发展的重要地带,大型人类工程往往会对其短期地貌变化和沉积物特征产生巨大影响。沉积物粒度分析是研究海洋沉积作用及过程的一个基础的、重要的方法,通过射阳港海岸动力地貌调查,研究了射阳港区不同时期的水下沉积物分布特征,将不同历史时期海图的等深线对海床冲淤变化进行对比分析,认为双导堤完工后导堤口区域出现了明显冲刷,导堤两侧出现淤积,沉积物颗粒变细,表明港口工程等局部影响因素会在短期内显著改变水动力地貌。  相似文献   

Ensemble modelling of ice cover for a reservoir affected by pumped‐storage operation and climate change     

Ulrike Gabriele Kobler  Martin Schmid 《水文研究》2019,33(20):2676-2690

Ensemble modelling was used to assess the robustness of projected impacts of pumped‐storage (PS) operation and climate change on reservoir ice cover. To this end, three one‐dimensional and a two‐dimensional laterally averaged hydrodynamic model were set up. For the latter, the strength of the impacts with increasing distance from the dam was also investigated. Climate change effects were simulated by forcing the models with 150 years of synthetic meteorological time series created with a weather generator based on available air temperature scenarios for Switzerland. Future climate by the end of the 21^st century was projected to shorten the ice‐covered period by ~2 months and decrease ice thicknesses by ~13 cm. Under current climate conditions, the ice cover would already be affected by extended PS operation. For example, the average probability of ice coverage on a specific day was projected to decrease by ~13% for current climate and could further be reduced from ~45% to ~10% for future climate. Overall, the results of all models were consistent. Although the number of winters without ice cover was projected to increase for all one‐dimensional models, studying individual segments of the two‐dimensional model showed that the impact was pronounced for segments close to the PS intake/outlet. In summary, the reservoir's ice cover is expected to partially vanish with higher probability of open water conditions closer to the PS intake/outlet.  相似文献   

Hydrodynamic Tidal Model of the Persian Gulf Based on Spatially Variable Bed Friction Coefficient     

Mostafa Sohrabi Athar  Alireza A. Ardalan  Roohollah Karimi 《Marine Geodesy》2019,42(1):25-45

The aim of this study is to develop a two-dimensional hydrodynamic tidal model for the Persian Gulf (PG2017) using 2D-MIKE21 software. The advantages of present study is accounting for the spatial variation of bed friction coefficient besides a precise bathymetry together with a 23-year of combined records of satellite altimetry data. We found that the bed friction coefficient has a significant effect on sea level changes in the region under our modeling consideration. Since the tidal behavior in the northern part of the Qeshm Island is significantly different from the other parts of the Persian Gulf, to present a more accurate hydrodynamic tidal model, the Gulf is divided into two regions where the bed friction coefficient is modeled separately for each region. The root mean square value of the differences between the amplitude of dominant constituents; M2, S2, K1, and O1 derived from the PG2017 model and that of 98 altimetry and coastal tide gauge stations are respectively equal to 1.6, 1.9, 2.8, and 1.3?cm. Moreover, comparing the PG2017 model efficiency with the FES2014, OSU12, EOT11a, DTU10, and Admiralty models shows that the PG2017 model has an improvement of 22.1%, 47.2%, 43.2%, 44.2%, and 57.6% in terms of relative error, respectively.  相似文献   

Hydrodynamic Performance of the Arc-Shaped Bottom-Mounted Breakwater     

楚玉川  程建生  王景全  李志刚  江克斌 《中国海洋工程》2014,(6):749-760

The problem of the hydrodynamic interaction with the arc-shaped bottom-mounted breakwaters is investigated theoretically. The breakwater is assumed to be rigid, thin, impermeable and vertically located in a finite water depth. The fluid domain is divided into two sub-regions of inner and outer by an auxiliary circular interface. Linear theory is assumed and the eigenfunction expansion approach is used to determine the wave field. In order to examine the validity of the theoretical model, the analytical solutions are compared to agree well with published results with the same parameters. Numerical results including wave amplitude, surge pressure, and wave force are presented with different model parameters. The major factors including wave parameters, structure configuration, and water depth that affect the surge pressure, wave forces, and wave amplitudes are discussed and illustrated by some graphs and cloud maps.  相似文献