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Journal of Geographical Sciences - The Interconnected River System Network (IRSN) plays a crucial role in water resource allocation, water ecological restoration and water quality improvement. It... 相似文献
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Anthropogenic emission of atmospheric carbon dioxide(CO_2) has led to a rapid increase in atmospheric CO_2 concentration. Increasing atmospheric CO_2 can reduce seawater pH and carbonate ions, which may adversely affect the survival of the larvae of calcareous animals. Cyclina sinensis is a commercially and ecologically important species in several Asian countries. Living in coast shallow waters, this species has experienced the coastal environmental changes frequently throughout its life cycle. In this study, we simulated possible future seawater pH values including 8.2, 7.8 and 7.4 and examined the effects of ocean acidification on the early development of C. sinensis. Clam embryos were incubated for 48 h(2 d) in control and high-CO_2 seawater to compare embryogenesis, larval growth and swimming behavior. Fertilization rate was quite sensitive to pH, and moderate acidification could induce a significant decrease in fertilization rate. However, only extreme acidification could bring significant negative effect to hatching rate, body size, and average path velocity of trochophora. Moreover, with seawater acidification, C. sinensis needs much more time to reach the same developmental stage, which increases the risk of larva survival. Together with recent studies demonstrating negative impacts of high CO_2 on fertilization and larva swimming behavior, the results imply a future decrease of C. sinensis populations in oceans if its acclimation to the predicted environmental alteration does not occur. 相似文献
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In this article, by using the daily precipitation data measured at 58 meteorological stations, spatial and temporal variability of daily precipitation including zero rainfall values (called “precipitation”) and without zero rainfall values (called “rain”) and four precipitation extrema (P0, P20, P50, and P100 representing the daily precipitation with the magnitude smaller than 0.1 mm, bigger than 20 mm, 50 mm, and 100 mm per day, respectively) in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) during 1958–2007 were analyzed, and the effects of urbanization were further investigated. Results indicate that (i) differing from the downward trends in 1958–1985, daily precipitation and rain in 1986–2007 show slowly downward trends in the mid YRD but show upward trends in the northern and southern YRD. (ii) Spatial and temporal variability of the rain is more complex than daily precipitation. Both of them become smaller but show more obvious fluctuations in 1986–2007. (iii) Urbanizations cause not only the urban rainfall island problem but also more obvious fluctuations of rain intensity in the mid YRD, reflecting more uncertainty of daily precipitation variability. (iv) Urbanizations have little effects on the variability of P0 and P100 but cause notable increases of P20 and P50. (v) The spatial variability of daily precipitation and precipitation extrema in 1958–1985 clearly shows a breakpoint at 30°20′N latitude, but the breakpoint disappears afterward because of the effects of urbanization. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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合成孔径雷达(synthetic aperture radar, SAR)具有其全天候、全天时、穿云透雾的工作能力, 广泛应用于山地冰川动态监测中. 利用2006年6-9月三期ALOS/PALSAR雷达影像, 采用偏移量跟踪技术, 提取了喜马拉雅山珠穆朗玛峰(珠峰)区域的冰川运动速度, 分析了区域内冰川运动速度空间差异及其影响因素. 结果表明: 研究区31条山谷冰川平均运动速度为9.3 cm·d-1, 总体上以珠峰-洛子峰南北向山脊线为界限, 东侧和东南侧冰川日均运动速度(11.1 cm·d-1)普遍高于北部和西北部冰川日均运动速度(5.4 cm·d-1). 冰川消融区非表碛区冰川平均运动速度为表碛覆盖区平均运动速度的2.2倍, 冰面湖的发育在一定程度上加剧冰川运动速度波动. 在气候与非气候因子共同作用和相互间的此消彼长中, 研究区65%的冰川的运动速度自中值高度往下显著减小, 16%的冰川自中值高度往下呈显著增大趋势, 19%冰川消融区运动速度无显著变化趋势. 相似文献
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一种基于MODIS积雪产品的雪线高度提取方法 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
冰川雪线高度的遥感提取对冰川物质平衡研究具有重要意义。提出一种基于晴空环境下积雪覆盖频率的雪线高度提取方法。使用MOD10A1积雪产品中的像元积雪面积比例数据,提取了2000/2001-2014/2015年间高亚洲地区冰川消融期末雪线高度。使用实测的冰川年物质平衡资料和气象格网数据对提取的雪线高度变化的可信度进行分析。研究表明：近15 a高亚洲雪线高度变化及趋势具有明显的东西差异,雪线高度变化幅度自青藏高原内部地区向四周呈增加趋势,西部大于东部。提取的冰川雪线高度变化与观测的年物质平衡序列具有很高的相关性,对物质平衡波动的平均解释率可高达75%;与气象要素（气温、降水）的年际变化的相关性也较高,约61.58%的格网冰川雪线高度变化可以由夏季气温和季节降水解释。而高亚洲各分区冰川雪线高度的波动规律也与大气环流背景分布一致。因此提取的雪线高度变化具有冰川学意义,可以进一步应用于冰川物质平衡估算及模拟研究中。 相似文献
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堤坝稳定性是评价冰湖溃决危险性的重要指标, 而堤坝的温度特征与其稳定性密切相关. 基于2012年11月-2013年9月对西藏定结县龙巴萨巴湖冰碛坝的0~150 cm不同深度的温度观测数据, 分析冰碛坝地温变化特征及其影响. 结果显示: 冰碛坝表层(<20 cm)地温与气温变化一致, 温度日变化常出现白天为正温梯度而夜间为负温度梯度的特征, 全年日均梯度一般为负温梯度(上部温度高、下部温度低); 中层(20~100 cm)和深层(>100 cm)表现为冬季下层温度高于上层温度的正温梯度, 夏季下层温度低于上层的负温梯度逐渐加强, 但地温日变幅逐渐减弱; 中间层地温变化不到气温变化幅度的1/5~1/10; 深层地温无明显的日变化. 冰碛坝的消融率约为2.1 cm·d-1, 夏季消融深度超过250 cm. 现有夏季消融深度对堤坝的稳定影响有限, 但是湖盆区如果持续升温, 冰碛坝冻土的年消融率和消融深度都将增大, 致使堤坝稳定性下降, 溃决风险增大. 相似文献
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新疆帕米尔跃动冰川遥感监测研究 总被引：11，自引：7，他引：4
2015年5月,新疆克孜勒苏柯尔克孜自治州阿克陶县公格尔九别峰北坡克拉牙依拉克冰川发生跃动,造成草场和部分房屋被冰体淹没,本文针对这一冰川跃动事件的发生过程进行研究.利用2013-2015年间ASTER立体像对数据监测了克拉牙依拉克冰川的冰川表面高程的变化,并利用2015年4月13日至2015年7月11日期间的LandsatOLI数据监测了冰川的表面运动速度变化.监测发现,克拉牙依拉克冰川从2015年4月13号开始活动强烈,表面运动速度呈加快趋势,2015年5月8-15日期间冰川表面运动速度达到最高水平,其最大运动速度在西支中部达到了(20.40±0.42)m·d-1,冰川跃动达到顶峰.冰川跃动"积蓄区"位于西支冰川平衡线以下区域,跃动向下游接收区输送冰体体积约为2.4×108m3,大量冰体堆积在东西支汇合口地段(海拔3100~3500m),造成了该处冰面隆起,其中最大隆起高度为(130.58±0.70)m.本文获得了西支冰川由静止期、跃动状态、恢复到稳定状态期间的冰面高程和表面运动速度变化,为本地区冰川跃动机理的研究奠定了基础. 相似文献