Exploring the stemflow dynamics and driving factors at both inter- and intra-event scales in a typical subtropical deciduous forest     

Haixia Zhang  Congsheng Fu  Aimin Liao  Can Zhang  Jiufu Liu  Niu Wang  Bin He 《水文研究》2021,35(3):e14091

Numerous efforts have been made to understand stemflow dynamics under different types of vegetation at the inter-event scale, but few studies have explored the stemflow characteristics and corresponding influencing factors at the intra-event scale. An in-depth investigation of the inter- and intra-event dynamics of stemflow is important for understanding the ecohydrological processes in forest ecosystems. In this study, stemflow volume (F_V), stemflow funnelling ratio (F_R), and stemflow ratio (F_%) from Quercus acutissima and Broussonetia papyrifera trees were measured at both inter- and intra-event scales in a subtropical deciduous forest, and the driving factors, including tree species and meteorological factors were further explored. Specifically, the F_V, F_R and F_% of Q. acutissima (52.3 L, 47.2, 9.6%) were lower than those of B. papyrifera (85.1 L, 91.2, 12.4%). The effect of tree species on F_V and F_% was more obvious under low intensity rainfall types. At the inter-event scale, F_V had a strong positive linear correlation with rainfall amount (G_P) and event duration (D_E) for both tree species, whereas F_R and F_% had a positive logarithmic correlation with G_P and D_E only under high-intensity, short-duration rainfall type. F_R and F_% were mainly affected by wind speed and the maximum 30-min rainfall intensity under low-intensity, long-duration rainfall type. At the intra-event scale, for both tree species, the mean lag time between the start of rainfall and stemflow was the shortest under high-intensity, short-duration rainfall type, while the mean duration and amount of stemflow after rain cessation were the greatest under high-amount, long-duration rainfall type. The relationship between stemflow intensity and rainfall intensity at the 5-min interval scale also depended greatly on rainfall type. These findings can help clarify stemflow dynamics and driving factors at both inter- and intra-event scales, and also provide abundant data and parameters for ecohydrological simulations in subtropical forests.  相似文献   

Model tests on XCC-piled embankment under dynamic train load of high-speed railways     

Tingting Niu  Hanlong Liu  Xuanming Ding  Changjie Zheng 《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2018,17(3):581-594

Piled embankments, which offer many advantages, are increasingly popular in construction of high-speed railways in China. Although the performance of piled embankment under static loading is well-known, the behavior under the dynamic train load of a high-speed railway is not yet understood. In light of this, a heavily instrumented piled embankment model was set up, and a model test was carried out, in which a servo-hydraulic actuator outputting M-shaped waves was adopted to simulate the process of a running train. Earth pressure, settlement, strain in the geogrid and pile and excess pore water pressure were measured. The results show that the soil arching height under the dynamic train load of a high-speed railway is shorter than under static loading. The growth trend for accumulated settlement slowed down after long-term vibration although there was still a tendency for it to increase. Accumulated geogrid strain has an increasing tendency after long-term vibration. The closer the embankment edge, the greater the geogrid strain over the subsoil. Strains in the pile were smaller under dynamic train loads, and their distribution was different from that under static loading. At the same elevation, excess pore water pressure under the track slab was greater than that under the embankment shoulder.  相似文献   

张家口蔚县农村房屋抗震性能调查及统计分析     

马旭东  牛露  刘晓丹  刘龙  茅远哲  关恒瑜  刘贾贾  刘志辉 《震灾防御技术》2019,14(4):829-837

为进一步了解蔚县地区农村房屋的抗震性能，在该地区选取43个村庄、7732栋房屋进行实地调查和统计分析。主要调查房屋结构、建筑材料、房屋抗震构造措施等内容，分析各结构类型房屋抗震薄弱环节及房屋抗震性能，并统计分析经济、交通、地形等因素与房屋结构类型及抗震性能的关系，提出提高该地区农村房屋抗震性能的建议。  相似文献   

Isolation and characterization of 49 polymorphic microsatellite loci for Decapterus maruadsi using SLAF-seq,and cross-amplification to related species     

Niu  Sufang  Zhai  Yun  Wu  Renxie  Zhang  Haoran  Tian  Letian  Deng  Jiaxin  Xiao  Yao 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2019,37(1):245-255

Decapterus maruadsi is a commercially important species in China, but has been heavily exploited in some areas. There is a growing need to develop microsatellites promoting its genetic research for the adequate management of this fishery resources. The recently developed specific-locus amplified fragment sequencing (SLAF-seq) is an efficient and high-resolution method for genome-wide microsatellite markers discovery. In this study, 28 905 microsatellites (mono- to hexa-nucleotide repeats) were identified using SLAF-seq technology, of which di-nucleotide was the most frequent (13 590, 47.02%), followed by mono-nucleotide (8 138, 28.15%), tri-nucleotide (5 727, 19.81%), tetra-nucleotide (1 104, 3.82%), pentanucleotide (234, 0.81%), and hexa-nucleotide (112, 0.39%). One hundred and thirty-two microsatellite loci (di- and tri-nucleotide) were randomly selected for amplification and polymorphism, of which 49 were highly polymorphic and well-resolved. The average number of alleles per locus was 13.63, ranging from 4 to 25, and allele sizes varied between 110 bp and 309 bp. The observed heterozygosity ( H_o ) and expected heterozygosity ( H_e ) ranged from 0.233 to 1.000 and from 0.374 to 0.959, with mean values of 0.738 and 0.836, respectively. The polymorphism information content (PIC) ranged from 0.341 to 0.941 (mean=0.806). However, 12 loci deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Furthermore, transferability tests were also successful in validating the utility of the developed markers in five phylogenetically related species of family Carangidae. A total of 48 microsatellite markers were successfully cross-amplified in Decapterus macarellus, Decapterus macrosoma, Decapterus kurroides, Trachurus japonicus, and Selaroides leptolepis. The present microsatellites provided the first known set of microsatellite DNA markers for D. maruadsi, D. macarellus, D. kurroides, and D. macrosoma, and would be useful for further population genetic and molecular phylogeny studies as well as help with the fisheries management formulation and implementation of the understudied species.

  相似文献   

Impact of Grazing Exclusion on the Surface Heat Balance in North Tibet     

FENG Yunfei  DI Yingwei  ZHANG Jing  ZHANG Xianzhou  SHI Peili  Niu Ben 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2020,11(3):283-289

The grazing exclusion program used by the Tibetan government to protect the ecological environment has changed the vegetation and impacted the surface heat balance in North Tibet. However, little information is available to describe the in?uences of the current grazing exclusion program on local surface heat balance. This study uses the records of fenced grassland patch locations to identify the impact of grazing exclusion on surface heat balance in North Tibet. The records of fenced grassland patch locations, including the longitude, latitude, and elevation of the vertices of each fenced patch (polygon shapes), were provided by the agriculture and animal husbandry bureaus of the counties where the patches were located. ArcGIS 10.2 was used to create polygon shapes based on patch location records. Based on satellite data and the surface heat balance system determined by the model, values for changes in land surface temperature (LST), albedo and evapotranspiration (ET) induced by grazing exclusion were obtained. All of these can influence surface heat balance and alter the fluctuation of LST in the northern Tibetan Plateau. The LST trends for day and night showed an asymmetric diurnal variation, with a larger magnitude of warming in the day than cooling at night. The maximum decrease in absorbed shortwave of LST (-0.5 - -0.4 ℃ per decade) occurred in the central region, while the minimum decrease (-0.2 - -0.1 ℃ per decade) occurred in the eastern region. The decreased latent heat lead to the LST increased maximum (>1 ℃ per decade) occurred in the central region, The eastern region increased at a rate of 0.2-0.5 ℃ per decade, while the minimum increase (0-0.1 ℃ per decade) occurred in the northwestern region.  相似文献   

Prediction of vegetation anomalies over an inland river basin in north‐western China          下载免费PDF全文

Jing Fu  Jun Niu  Bellie Sivakumar 《水文研究》2018,32(12):1814-1827

Vegetation cover plays an important role in linking the atmosphere, water, and land and is deemed as a key indicator in the terrestrial ecological system. Therefore, it is of great importance to monitor vegetation dynamics and understand the mechanisms of vegetation change, including that driven by climate change. This study examines (a) the evolution of vegetation dynamics over the Heihe River Basin in the typical arid zone in north‐western China using nonparametric Mann–Kendall test and Thiel Sen's slope; (b) the relationships between remotely sensed vegetation indices (normalized difference vegetation index [NDVI] and enhanced vegetation index [EVI]) and hydroclimatic variables based on correlation analysis; and (c) the prediction of vegetation anomalies using a multiple linear regression model. For the analysis, the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer NDVI/EVI product and the gridded daily meteorological data at a spatial resolution of 0.125° over the period 2001–2010 are considered. The results indicate that vegetation cover improved over a large proportion during 2001–2010, with a significant trend towards warm and wet, characterized by an increase in average annual temperature and precipitation by 0.042 °C/year and 5.8 mm/year, respectively. We test the feasibility of NDVI and EVI in quantifying the responses of vegetation anomaly to climate change and develop a statistical model to predict vegetation dynamics in the basin. The NDVI‐based model is found to be more reliable than the EVI‐based model, partly due to the vegetation characteristics and geomorphologic properties of the study region. The proposed model performs well when there is no lag time between meteorological factors and vegetation indices for grassland and cropland, whereas 1‐month lead time prediction is found to be best for forest. The soil water content is introduced as an extra explanatory variable, which effectively improves the prediction accuracy for different land use types. In general, the predictive ability of the proposed model is stable and satisfactory, and the model can provide useful early warning information for regional water resources management under changing climate.  相似文献   

不同发展模式下资源环境承载力评价——以海南省为例     

牛方曲  杨欣雨  孙东琪 《热带地理》2020,40(6):1109-1116

文章关注于产业、人口与资源环境要素的作用关系，建构了资源环境承载力综合评价框架，并以海南省为案例区开展应用研究。该框架首先对区域产业重要性进行评价并分级，为产业结构调整提供依据；其次解析了区域产业、人口资源消耗与污染排放强度，最后，基于产业评价结果设定不同的产业结构调整情景，结合产业和人口的资源消耗与污染排放强度评价不同产业结构下的资源环境承载力，即产业和人口的规模上限。结果表明：2016年海南省的经济规模并未超载，产业有进一步发展空间。其中土地资源成为海南省发展的首要限制因素，其次是水环境；海南经济效益较高的支柱产业和基础性产业多为高耗水、高污染的产业，亟需加强水资源的集约利用，并降低污染排放强度。为提升经济发展规模上限，需要培育低能耗、低排放的产业。文章建构的资源环境承载力评价方法将产业、人口与资源环境相联系，其评价结果政策意义更为明确，可为优化产业结构调整、控制产业及人口发展规模提供决策参考。  相似文献   

莱州湾大型底栖动物群落结构及其动态变化特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

袁伟  王俊  左涛  牛明香  栾青杉  时永强  孙坚强 《海洋学报》2020,42(6):52-61

本文以莱州湾2009年夏季(8月)、秋季(10月)及2010年春季(5月)、夏季(8月)4个季节大型底栖动物资料为基础，对莱州湾大型底栖动物的种类组成、丰度、生物量、优势种进行了研究，同时与历史资料进行对比，探讨了莱州湾大型底栖动物的群落结构特征及动态变化。4个航次中共鉴定出大型底栖动物272种，其中包括环节动物多毛类122种，软体动物46种，甲壳动物64种，棘皮动物18种，鱼类9种，其他类13种。调查海域平均丰度为(1102.56 ± 216.32) ind./m2, 多毛类在丰度上占绝对优势；平均生物量为(28.16 ± 8.45) g/m2，软体动物占据优势。丰度和生物量空间分布规律具有很强的相似性，低值区位于莱州湾西部黄河口邻近海域，高值区位于渤海中部海域。丰度和生物量季节变化明显，夏季最高，秋季其次，春季最低。多毛类不倒翁虫(Sternaspis sculata)、寡鳃齿吻沙蚕(Nephthys oligobranchia)、紫壳阿文蛤(Alvenius ojianus)等是莱州湾调查海域的优势种。通过与历史资料的对比发现，莱州湾大型底栖动物种类组成及优势种类出现小型化的趋势。  相似文献   

一种新的用于极化SAR图像船只检测的散射相似性测度   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

郎海涛  陶云红  牛立辉  石洪基 《海洋学报(英文版)》2020,42(5):145-150

本文提出了一种新的用于极化合成孔径雷达（SAR）海上船只目标检测的测度。首先利用散射相似性参数研究船只与海杂波散射机制的差异。基于这些差异，提出了一种新的船只检测测度，该测度能够有效区分船只目标和海杂波。然后提出了利用核密度估计（KDE）方法对该测度进行建模的方法。基于统计模型，实现了自适应恒虚警率（CFAR）的检测方案。本文利用多景C波段RADARSAT-2极化SAR（Pol-SAR）数据上进行实验，系统分析了所提出测度的海杂波拟合性能与船只检测性能，并与两个经典的极化测度进行了比较，实验和比较结果证明了所提的测度的可行性。  相似文献   

Inversion of Vegetation Components Based on the Spectral Mixture Analysis Using Hyperion Data     

Mingchang Wang  Xuefeng Niu  Qian Yang  Shengbo Chen  Guodong Yang  Fengyan Wang 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2018,46(1):1-8

Hyper spectral remote sensing is widely used to identify ground objects as a result of the advantages of ground radiation intensity characteristics and spectral position characteristics, in which inversion of vegetation components is the difficult point and hotspot. In this study, Huma county of Heilongjiang Province was selected as the study area, the canopy spectra of four types of typical vegetation were measured in situ firstly, including mongolian oak, cotton grass, lespedeza and white birch. Then, on the basis of analyzing the canopy spectral characteristics and their parameterization, the spectral differences of different vegetations were located, and the parameterization method of characteristics identification was determined. Finally, Hyperion data were used to calculate the canopy albedos based on the bidirectional reflectance model of vegetation canopies, and to map the vegetation components in the study area by use of linear spectral mixture model. The results showed that inversion of vegetation components in high vegetation-covered area was accurate using the canopy albedos and liner spectral mixture model, and was identical with the field sampling, which validated the feasibility of canopy albedos and liner spectral mixture model for the inversion of vegetation components.  相似文献