排序方式： 共有8条查询结果，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1
1.
Tsering Karma Shrestha Manish Shakya Kiran Bajracharya Birendra Matin Mir Lozano Jorge Luis Sanchez Nelson Jim Wangchuk Tandin Parajuli Binod Bhuyan Md Arifuzzaman 《Natural Hazards》2022,110(3):1821-1845
Natural Hazards - The Hindu Kush Himalayan region is extremely susceptible to periodic monsoon floods. Early warning systems with the ability to predict floods in advance can benefit tens of... 相似文献
2.
3.
Isotope mixing models require individual isotopic tracer content for correct quantification of sediment source contributions 
下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Hari Ram Upadhayay Samuel Bodé Marco Griepentrog Roshan Man Bajracharya William Blake Wim Cornelis Pascal Boeckx 《水文研究》2018,32(7):981-989
The use of isotopic tracers for sediment source apportionment is gaining interest with recent introduction of compound‐specific stable isotope tracers. The method relies on linear mixing of source isotopic tracers, and deconvolution of a sediment mixture initially quantifies the contribution of sources to the mixture's tracer signature. Therefore, a correction to obtain real sediment source proportions is subsequently required. As far as we are aware, all published studies to date have used total isotopic tracer content or a proxy (e.g., soil carbon content) for this post‐unmixing correction. However, as the relationship between the isotopic tracer mixture and the source mixture is different for each isotopic tracer, post‐unmixing corrections cannot be carried out with one single factor. This contribution presents an isotopic tracer model structure—the concentration‐dependent isotope mixing model (CD‐IMM)—to overcome this limitation. Herein, we aim to clarify why the “conventional” approach to converting isotopic tracer proportions to source proportions using a single factor is wrong. In an initial mathematical assessment, error incurred by not using CD‐IMM (NCD‐IMM) in unmixing two sources with two isotopic tracers showed a complex relation as a function of relative tracer contents. Next, three artificial mixtures with different proportions of three soil sources were prepared and deconvoluted using 13C of fatty acids using CD‐IMM and NCD‐IMM. Using NCD‐IMM affected both accuracy (mean average error increased up to a threefold compared with the CD‐IMM output) and precision (interquartile range was up to 2.5 times larger). Finally, as an illustrative example, the proportional source contribution reported in a published study was recalculated using CD‐IMM. This resulted in changes in estimated source proportions and associated uncertainties. Content of isotopic tracers is seldom reported in published work concerning use of isotopic tracers for sediment source partitioning. The magnitude of errors made by miscalculation in former studies is therefore difficult to assess. With this contribution, we hope the community will acknowledge the limitations of prior approaches and use a CD‐IMM in future studies. 相似文献
4.
CHU Duo PUBU Tundrop NORBU Ghancan SAGAR Bajrachary MANDIRA Shresth GUO Jianping 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2011,25(6):734-741
Measuring rainfall from space appears to be the only cost effective and viable means in estimating regional precipitation
over the Tibet, and the satellite rainfall products are essential to hydrological and agricultural modeling. A long-standing
problem in the meteorological and hydrological studies is that there is only a sparse raingauge network representing the spatial
distribution of precipitation and its quantity on small scales over the Tibet. Therefore, satellite derived quantitative precipitation
estimates are extremely useful for obtaining rainfall patterns that can be used by hydrological models to produce forecasts
of river discharge and to delineate the flood hazard area. In this paper, validation of the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration (NOAA) Climate Prediction Center (CPC) RFE (rainfall estimate) 2.0 data was made by using daily rainfall observations
at 11 weather stations over different climate zones from southeast to northwest of the Tibet during the rainy season from
1 June to 30 September 2005 and 2006. Analysis on the time series of daily rainfall of RFE-CPC and observed data in different
climate zones reveals that the mean correlation coefficients between satellite estimated and observed rainfall is 0.74. Only
at Pali and Nielamu stations located in the southern brink of the Tibet along the Himalayan Mountains, are the correlation
coefficients less than 0.62. In addition, continuous validations show that the RFE performed well in different climate zones,
with considerably low mean error (ME) and root mean square error (RMSE) scores except at Nielamu station along the Himalayan
range. Likewise, for the dichotomous validation, at most stations over the Tibet, the probability of detection (POD) values
is above 73% while the false alarm rate (FAR) is between 1% and 12%. Overall, NOAA CPC RFE 2.0 products performed well in
the estimation and monitoring of rainfall over the Tibet and can be used to analyze the precipitation pattern, produce discharge
forecast, and delineate the flood hazard area. 相似文献
5.
6.
7.
Narrowing research and policy, while challenging, is especially important in climate change adaptation work (CCA) due to the high uncertainties involved in planning for climate change. This article aims to seek stakeholders’ opinions regarding how research and policy development can be bridged within the Cambodian water resources and agriculture sectors. The study used institutional ethnography methods with informants from government organizations, local academia, and development partners (DPs). This article identifies a number of challenges, and barriers for narrowing research–policy development gaps, including: limited effectiveness of governmental policies and planning; lack of relevant information required to promote evidence-based planning and policy development; and communication barriers. Evidence-based planning is valued by government officials most when there is actual and effective implementation of policies and plans. In practice, this often implies that governmental policies and plans need be scoped and scaled down to meet the available budget, and thus be achievable. In the long term, it also means building the capacity for policy-relevant research on climate change adaptation within Cambodia. Engaging policy stakeholders in research process for co-producing adaptation knowledge, and introducing knowledge intermediaries are suggested by informants as means to narrowing gaps between research and policy development. The presence of the Cambodia's Prime Minister in research–policy dialogues is recommended as important for attracting the attention of high-level policy makers.
Policy relevance
As a least developed and highly climate-vulnerable country, Cambodia has received climate change funding to implement a number of climate adaptation initiatives. Cambodia is likely to receive more climate change finance in the future. This article aims to assist evidence-based planning, in particular, through policy-relevant research on CCA, so that resources for adaptation in Cambodia are used effectively and efficiently. This research also directly benefits the sustainable development of the country. 相似文献
8.
刘苏峡丁文浩 莫兴国王盛 刘昌明罗贤 何大明Sagar Ratna Bajracharya Arun Bhakta Shrestha Nand Kishor Agrawal 《气候变化研究进展》2017,13(4):356-365
采用VIP（Vegetation Interface Processes）模型和HIMS（Hydro-Informatic Modeling System）模型,模拟分析了1957-2012年澜沧江和怒江流域（简称两江流域）水资源量的演变。根据CMIP5 RCP2.6,RCP4.5和RCP8.5情景预测,模拟了2030年代和2050年代流域水资源的变化。研究发现,过去50年间,两江流域的气温都呈升高趋势,但海拔较高的上游地区升幅大于下游。年总降水量的变化趋势不明显,但春季降水增加趋势明显。两江流域年总水资源量为650亿～ 850亿m3,水资源总量长期变化趋势不明显,其中澜沧江的波动性（1.884,最大与最小之比）大于怒江。空间上水资源量呈现北低－南高的格局。在未来,两江流域气温仍呈增加趋势,降水呈增加趋势,径流呈增加趋势,空间变异性趋小,但较强的季节性变化对水资源安全仍具有较大的挑战性。 相似文献
1