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Tsering Karma Shrestha Manish Shakya Kiran Bajracharya Birendra Matin Mir Lozano Jorge Luis Sanchez Nelson Jim Wangchuk Tandin Parajuli Binod Bhuyan Md Arifuzzaman 《Natural Hazards》2022,110(3):1821-1845
Natural Hazards - The Hindu Kush Himalayan region is extremely susceptible to periodic monsoon floods. Early warning systems with the ability to predict floods in advance can benefit tens of... 相似文献
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Bamboo wells are an economical alternative for water supply wells in developing countries. The design of the bamboo well described in this article was developed based on field tests. Following field experiments, the screen in the bamboo well was fabricated with seven 3-m-long bamboo strips, each 2 cm wide and 1 cm thick. The strips were bolted on 1-cm-wide mild steel rings spaced 30 cm along the length of the bamboo strips, with 9-cm-long galvanized iron pipe end pieces. Pipes used in the bamboo well were fabricated by wrapping polythene sheets on the bamboo screens. Excellent performance, low cost, and good service life justify the use of a bamboo well for ground water withdrawal in developing countries. 相似文献
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Modelling of hillslope runoff processes 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The present study is aimed at modelling hillslope flows with emphasis on subsurface stormflows that involve macropores. The
physical processes connected with the runoff process on a hillslope are identified. The components which are considered in
modelling the hillslope flow are the nature of flows in the macropore and micropore domains, the spatial and temporal characteristics
of the macropore network, the interaction between the domains, and the initiation of flow in the macropores. Both Horton and
Dunne's variable source area generation mechanisms are explicitly incorporated in the model. The dominant physical processes
governing hillslope runoff are conceptualized in terms of parameters which are derived from the physical properties of the
soil, the nature of macropores, and hillslope geometry. The conceptualization of the model is then used to examine infiltration
and runoff production. This helps to compute the development of the groundwater table, runoff hydrograph, and soil moisture
profile.
Received: 5 October 1996 · Accepted: 25 June 1997 相似文献
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The frequency and extent of debris flows have increased tremendously due to the extreme weather and the Wenchuan earthquake on May 12, 2008. Previous studies focused on the debris flow from gullies damming the mountain streams. In this paper, an equation for the run-out distance of debris flow in the main river is proposed based on the dynamic equation of debris flow at different slopes given by Takahashi. By undertaking field investigations and flume experiments, a new calculation method of the volume of debris flow damming large river is obtained. Using the percolation theory and the renormalization group theory it was deduced that the large particles should comprise more than 50% for forming a stable debris flow dam. Hence, the criteria of damming large river by debris flow is presented in terms of run-out distance and grain composition which was then validated through the event of damming river by debris flow at Gaojia gully, the upper reaches of the Minjiang River, Sichuan, China, on July 3, 2011. 相似文献
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A physically based distributed slope stability model derived from the integration of hydrologic analysis and slope stability analysis is presented for GIS based modeling on a catchment scale. The catchment is represented by a mesh of squares with vertical columns. The hydrologic model calculates subsurface flow and resulting pore-water pressure during rainfall in each cell for every time step. The slope stability module then calculates the stability of each cell for the changing water pressure scenario. There are very few input data requirements, which makes the model applicable to ungauged catchments, also where the record of the past landslides and associated rainfall are not available. The model was tested in Garjuwa catchment, Nepal where all landslide scars were documented. The model reproduces the observed distribution of landslide locations in a consistent way. Several model runs were conducted, increasing the intensity of rainfall to see corresponding increase in instability. The results show that there is a critical rainfall intensity for the catchment, beyond which increase in rainfall intensity does not increase instability significantly. 相似文献
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Zhi Zhang Robert B. Fleischman Jose I. Restrepo Gabriele Guerrini Arpit Nema Dichuan Zhang Ulina Shakya Georgios Tsampras Richard Sause 《地震工程与结构动力学》2018,47(10):1987-2011
A new floor connecting system developed for low‐damage seismic‐resistant building structures is described herein. The system, termed Inertial Force‐Limiting Floor Anchorage System (IFAS), is intended to limit the lateral forces in buildings during an earthquake. This objective is accomplished by providing limited‐strength deformable connections between the floor system and the primary elements of the lateral force‐resisting system. The connections transform the seismic demands from inertial forces into relative displacements between the floors and lateral force‐resisting system. This paper presents the IFAS performance in a shake‐table testing program that provides a direct comparison with an equivalent conventional rigidly anchored‐floor structure. The test structure is a half‐scale, 4‐story reinforced concrete flat‐plate shear wall structure. Precast hybrid rocking walls and special precast columns were used for test repeatability in a 22‐input strong ground‐motion sequence. The structure was purposely designed with an eccentric wall layout to examine the performance of the system in coupled translational‐torsional response. The test results indicated a seismic demand reduction in the lateral force‐resisting system of the IFAS structure relative to the conventional structure, including reduced shear wall base rotation, shear wall and column inter‐story drift, and, in some cases, floor accelerations. These results indicate the potential for the IFAS to minimize damage to the primary structural and non‐structural components during earthquakes. 相似文献
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Manjip Shakya Humberto Varum Romeu Vicente Aníbal Costa 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2014,12(4):1679-1703
Nepal is located in a highly active tectonic region of the Himalayan belt, one of the most severe earthquake prone areas of the world. Nepal is lying between the Indian and the Eurasian plate, which are moving continuously, resulting in frequent devastating earthquakes. Moreover, different authors state that the accumulated slip deficit (central seismic gap) is likely to produce large earthquakes in the future. Cultural heritage buildings and monuments are, therefore, at risk, and the eventual cultural loss in the consequence of an earthquake is incalculable. Post-seismic surveys of past earthquakes have shown the potential damage that unreinforced masonry structures, particularly Pagoda temples, may suffer in future earthquakes. Most of the Nepalese Pagoda temples, erected during XIV century, are considered non-engineered constructions that follow very simple rules and construction detailing in respect to seismic resistance requirements and, in some cases, without any concern for seismic action. Presently, conservation and restoration of Nepalese temples is one of the major concerns, since they are considered world heritage with universal value. The present paper is devoted to outline particular building characteristics of the UNESCO classified Nepalese Pagoda temples and the common structural fragilities, which may affect their seismic performance. Moreover, based on a parametric sensitivity analysis, structural weaknesses and fragilities of Pagoda temples were identified associated to the local and traditional construction techniques, detailing and common damages. 相似文献
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