A technique for conducting seismic refraction experiments on the ocean bed using bottom shots     

R. E. Kirk  K. Robertson  R. B. Whitmarsh  P. R. Miles 《Marine Geophysical Researches》1991,13(2):153-160

A technique has been devised for firing arrays of bottom shots on the ocean bed in depths upto 4000 m or more. Ten kilogram explosive charges are dropped from the surface while the shooting ship is navigated acoustically. They are detonated at preset times by an electronic timer which initiates an electrical detonator, detonating cord and cast PETN/TNT explosive. Ranges to ocean bottom seismographs, and the shot instants, can be calculated from the arrival-time differences of the direct and surface-reflected water waves. The accuracy, which is dependent on water-depth and range, was better than 22 m in range and 14 msec in shot instant for our experiments.  相似文献   

ANALYSIS OF A CASE OF EAST ASIA COASTAL CYCLOGENESIS^*          下载免费PDF全文

Chen Shoujun  Guo Ying-Hw  Bai Lesheng 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》1993,7(4):385-411

The evolution of an explosive cyclone off the East Asia coast in March 1979 is described.A shortwave trough in the southern branch of upper-level westerlies initiated the incipient cyclone.Later,a polar trough in the north amplified and became in phase with the southern shortwave to form a major trough.This major trough was responsible for the rapid intensification of the surface cyclone.In the early development stage,warm and moist air was transported northward to the developing area by a strong low-level jet.The ageostrophic wind associated with the low-level jet contributed to the frontogenesis,creating a favorable low-level environment for the rapid deepening.A low-level positive potential vorticity anomaly was created prior to the onset of rapid deepening.It was a result of frontal cloud condensation.The cyclone intensified rapidly when stratospheric air with high potential vorticity penetrated to the mid-troposphere.The rapid deepening took place at a location under the left-exit region of an amplifying jet streak behind the major trough and the right-entrance region of another anticyclonically-curved subtropical jet streak in a quasi-stationary ridge overJapan.Due to the blocking effect of the Tibetan Plateau,two shortwave disturbances were observed in the upper-level westerlies on the north and south sides of the Plateau.The southern disturbance initiated the incipient surface cyclone,while the amplifying northern disturbance was responsible for the rapid deepening.Thus,the evolution of the explosive cyclone in this case can be regarded as consecutive Petterssen's "type-B" cyclogenesis in two separate stages.  相似文献   

马来西亚沙捞越邦达、什兰江控矿角砾岩筒构造对比研究及其找矿意义     

赵财胜  孙丰月  李碧乐  丁清峰  吴尚昆 《世界地质》2003,22(4):366-372

马来西亚沙捞越邦达、什兰江控矿角砾岩筒构造均为典型的浅成—半浅成角砾岩筒构造，角砾岩及控矿类型具有明显的垂向分带特点。邦达控矿角砾岩筒构造发育角砾岩筒上段的塌陷角砾岩，角砾岩筒剥蚀深度较浅，控制典型的高硫化型浅成低温金铜矿床，且其深部具有较大的找矿潜力。什兰江控矿角砾岩筒构造发育角砾岩筒下段的爆发角砾岩和中段的流化角砾岩，分别控制斑岩型金矿化和低硫化型浅成低温热液型金矿化，角砾岩筒剥蚀深度较大，对矿床的保存和找矿极为不利。  相似文献   

The submarine eruption of the Bombarda volcano,Milos Island,Cyclades, Greece     

Rinaldi  M.  Venuti  M. Campos 《Bulletin of Volcanology》2003,65(4):282-293

The Milos volcanic field includes a well-exposed volcaniclastic succession which records a long history of submarine explosive volcanism. The Bombarda volcano, a rhyolitic monogenetic center, erupted ∼1.7 Ma at a depth <200 m below sea level. The aphyric products are represented by a volcaniclastic apron (up to 50 m thick) and a lava dome. The apron is composed of pale gray juvenile fragments and accessory lithic clasts ranging from ash to blocks. The juvenile clasts are highly vesicular to non-vesicular; the vesicles are dominantly tube vesicles. The volcaniclastic apron is made up of three fades: massive to normally graded pumice-lithic breccia, stratified pumice-lithic breccia, and laminated ash with pumice blocks. We interpret the apron beds to be the result of water-supported, volcaniclastic mass-How emplacement, derived directly from the collapse of a small-volume, subaqueous eruption column and from syn-eruptive, down-slope resedimentation of volcaniclastic debris. During this eruptive phase, the activity could have involved a complex combination of phreatomagmatic explosions and minor submarine effusion. The lava dome, emplaced later in the source area, is made up of flow-banded lava and separated from the apron by an obsidian carapace a few meters thick. The near-vertical orientation of the carapace suggests that the dome was intruded within the apron. Remobilization of pyroclastic debris could have been triggered by seismic activity and the lava dome emplacement. Published online: 30 January 2003 Editorial responsibility: J. McPhie  相似文献   

Seismic moment tensor representations and radiation patterns in unbounded media with elipsoidal cavities driven by low frequency pressure     

靳平  徐果明  楼为涛 《地震学报(英文版)》1997,10(5):553-564

ＳｅｉｓｍｉｃｍｏｍｅｎｔｔｅｎｓｏｒｒｅｐｒｅｓｅｎｔａｔｉｏｎｓａｎｄｒａｄｉａｔｉｏｎｐａｔｅｒｎｓｉｎｕｎｂｏｕｎｄｅｄｍｅｄｉａｗｉｔｈｅｌｉｐｓｏｉｄａｌｃａｖｉｔｉｅｓｄｒｉｖｅｎｂｙｌｏｗｆｒｅｑｕｅｎｃｙｐｒｅｓｓｕｒｅＰＩ...  相似文献   

豫西南蒲塘金矿床地质特征及成因探讨   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

庞绪成  张怀贵 《黄金地质》1997,3(4):49-54

蒲塘金矿床属爆破角砾岩型，主成矿期温度２３６～３１８℃，主矿体受爆破角砾岩筒控制，含矿围岩蚀变及矿体变化规律明显，黄铁矿及黄铜矿是金的主要载体矿物。矿石中Ａｕ－Ｃｕ含量呈正消长关系，成矿物质主要来源于花岗岩，从花岗岩的侵入到矿床的形成，大体上经过了晚燕山期浅成初始岩浆侵入－爆破，超浅成强烈爆破及热液成矿三个阶段。  相似文献   

ANALYSIS OF COMPOSITE DIAGNOSIS OF OCEANIC EXPLOSIVE CYCLONES^*          下载免费PDF全文

WANG Jinsong  DING Zhiying  ZHAI Zhaofeng 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2004,18(3):327-346

Using the data of ECMWF (European Center for Medium-range Weather Forecasts) to undertake composite diagnoses of 16 explosive cyclones occurring at the Atlantic and the Pacific Oceans,it is found that there are a lot of obvious discrepancies on the basic fields between these strong and weak explosive cyclones.The major reasons why the explosive cyclones over the Atlantic are stronger than those over the Pacific Ocean are that the non-zonal upper jet and the low-level warm moist flow over the Atlantic are stronger.The non-zonal upper jet offers stronger divergence,baroclinicity and baroclinic instability fields for explosive cyclones.Anticyclonic curvature at the high level of strong explosive cyclones is easy to make the inertia-gravitational wave developing at the moment of northward transfer of energy and stimulate the cyclones deepening quickly.Warm advection and diabatic heating can cause the upper isobaric surface lifting,as a result,the anticyclone curvature of cyclones enlarges,and wave energy develops easily as well.The most powerful period of the development of explosive cyclones is just the time when the positive vorticity advection center is located over the low vortex.At the upper level,when the distribution of potential vorticity contours changes suddenly from rareness to denseness,and the large values of the potential vorticity both in the west and north sides of cyclones extend downwards together,then cyclones are easy to explosively develop.The formation of strong explosive cyclones is closely related with the non-zonality of upper jet and the anticyclonic curvature.  相似文献   

Mechanism of loading on plates due to explosive detonation     

W. L. Fourney  U. Leiste  R. Bonenberger  D. J. Goodings 《Fragblast: International Journal for Blasting and Fragmentation》2005,9(4):205-217

This paper investigates the various mechanisms and parameters that are responsible for delivering impulse to a vehicle that is unfortunate enough to detonate a buried mine. Small scale tests are used to examine the effects of air blast or ejected sand in imparting impulse to a plate that is located above the surface of the saturated soil that contains the explosive. Parameters such as confinement, stand off distance, depth of burial of the explosive, density of the soil, and saturation level of the soil are also examined.  相似文献   

A 560–440 ka tephra record from the Mercure Basin,southern Italy: volcanological and tephrostratigraphic implications          下载免费PDF全文

BIAGIO GIACCIO  PAOLO GALLI  EDOARDO PERONACE  ILENIA ARIENZO  SEBASTIEN NOMADE  GIAN PAOLO CAVINATO  MARCO MANCINI  PAOLO MESSINA  GIANLUCA SOTTILI 《第四纪科学杂志》2014,29(3):232-248

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2018年常州一次罕见持续性雾-霾天气分析     

雷正翠  郑媛媛  刘银峰  孙康远  刘端阳  何涛  吴晶璐  周文君 《气象》2019,45(8):1123-1134

利用常规气象观测资料、探空资料、污染物浓度及AQI资料、NCEP再分析资料等,对2018年11月24日至12月3日夜间常州持续11 d的强浓雾和严重霾天气过程进行了分析。结果表明：（1）此次雾-霾过程持续时间长、范围广、强度大、污染重。（2）中纬度地区高层持续纬向环流控制、中低层暖脊稳定存在,地面持续受均压场或弱倒槽顶部、弱冷锋前部影响,是这次持续性雾-霾过程的重要天气条件。（3）边界层内弱辐散、负涡度及弱的下沉气流是此次雾-霾天气得以长时间维持、发展的动力因子。近地层长时间水汽饱和且维持小风速利于雾-霾的长时间维持。（4）近地面高强度的贴地逆温长时间维持和持续较低的混合层高度是此次雾-霾形成、发展和长时间维持的重要热力条件。雾比霾的平均混合层高度明显偏低且霾等级越高混合层高度越低,混合层高度的变化先于能见度变化,对雾-霾临近预警有较好的指导作用。（5）弱冷空气渗透、风速适当增加、混合层高度的先期快速下降、负净辐射曝辐量绝对值的明显增大是雾爆发性增强的主要原因。  相似文献