A Revisited Purification of Li for ‘Na Breakthrough’ and its Isotopic Determination by MC‐ICP‐MS     

Lin Xu  Chongguang Luo  Hanjie Wen 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2020,44(1):201-214

The accurate and precise determination of Li isotopic composition by MC‐ICP‐MS suffers from the poor performance of traditional column chromatography. Previously established chromatographic processes cannot completely remove Na in complex geological samples, which is currently interpreted to be a result of Na breakthrough. In this study, Na breakthrough during single‐column purification was found to differ between simply artificial Na‐containing sample solutions, where a little Na residue was found, and silicate rocks, where a large amount of breakthrough occurred. A revised two‐step column purification for Li using 0.5 and 0.3 mol l^?1 HCl as eluents was designed to remove the Na. This modified method achieves high‐efficiency Li purification from Na and consequently avoiding high Na/Li ratio interference for subsequent MC‐ICP‐MS analyses. The proposed method was validated by the analysis of a series of reference materials, including Li₂CO₃ (IRMM‐016, ‐0.10‰), basalt (BCR‐2: 2.68‰; BHVO‐2: 4.39‰), andesite (AGV‐2: 6.46‰; RGM‐2: 2.59‰), granodiorite (GSP‐2: ?0.87‰) and seawater (CASS‐5, 30.88‰). This work reports early Na appearance prior to the elution curves in chromatography and emphasises its influence for subsequent Li isotope measurement. Based on the findings, the established two‐step method would be more secure than single‐column chemistry for Li purification.  相似文献   

Copper Isotopic Analysis in Geological and Biological Reference Materials by MC‐ICP‐MS     

Kaj Sullivan  Daniel Layton‐Matthews  Matthew Leybourne  James Kidder  Zoltn Mester  Lu Yang 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2020,44(2):349-362

The characterisation of relative copper isotope amount ratios (δ⁶⁵Cu) helps constrain a variety of geochemical processes occurring in the geosphere, biosphere and hydrosphere. The accurate and precise determination of δ⁶⁵Cu in matrix reference materials is crucial in the effort to validate measurement methods. With the goal of expanding the number and variety of available geological and biological materials, we have characterised the δ⁶⁵Cu values of ten reference materials by MC‐ICP‐MS using C‐SSBIN model for mass bias correction. SGR‐1b (Green River shale), DOLT‐5 (dogfish liver), DORM‐4 (fish protein), TORT‐3 (lobster hepatopancreas), MESS‐4 (marine sediment) and PACS‐3 (marine sediment) have for the first time been characterised for δ⁶⁵Cu. Additionally, four reference materials (with published δ⁶⁵Cu values) have been characterised: BHVO‐1 (Hawaiian basalt), BIR‐1 (Icelandic basalt), W‐2a (diabase) and Seronorm? Trace Elements Serum L‐1 (human serum). The reference materials measured in this study possess complex and varied matrices with copper mass fractions ranging from 1.2 µg g^?1 to 497 µg g^?1 and δ⁶⁵Cu values ranging from ?0.20‰ to 0.52‰ with a mean expanded uncertainty of ± 0.07‰ (U, k = 2), covering much of the natural copper isotope variability observed in the environment.  相似文献   

The δ60/58Ni Values of Twenty‐Six Selected Geological Reference Materials     

Weihan Li  Jian‐Ming Zhu  Decan Tan  Guilin Han  Zhouqiao Zhao  Guangliang Wu 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2020,44(3):523-535

The high‐precision δ^60/58Ni values of twenty‐six geological reference materials, including igneous rocks, sedimentary rocks, stream sediments, soils and plants are reported. The δ^60/58Ni values of all samples were determined by double‐spike MC‐ICP‐MS (Nu Plasma III). Isotope standard solution (NIST SRM 986) and geological reference materials (BHVO‐2, BCR‐2, JP‐1, PCC‐1, etc.) were used to evaluate the measurement bias and intermediate precision over a period of six months. Our results show that the intermediate precision of Ni isotope determination was 0.05‰ (2s, n = 69) for spiked NIST SRM 986 and typically 0.06‰ for actual samples, and the δ^60/58Ni _{NIST SRM 986} values were in excellent agreement with previous studies. Eighteen high‐precision Ni isotope ratios of geological reference materials are first reported here, and their δ^60/58Ni values varied from ?0.27‰ to 0.52‰, with a mean of 0.13 ± 0.34‰ (2s, n = 18). Additionally, SGR‐1b (0.56 ± 0.04‰, 2s), GSS‐1 (?0.27 ± 0.06‰, 2s), GSS‐7 (?0.11 ± 0.01‰, 2s), GSD‐10 (0.46 ± 0.06‰, 2s) and GSB‐12 (0.52 ± 0.06‰, 2s) could potentially serve as candidate reference materials for Ni isotope fractionation and comparison of Ni isotopic compositions among different laboratories.  相似文献   

Development and Re‐Evaluation of Tourmaline Reference Materials for In Situ Measurement of Boron δ Values by Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry     

Katharina Marger  Matthieu Harlaux  Andrea Rielli  Lukas P. Baumgartner  Andrea Dini  Barbara L. Dutrow  Anne‐Sophie Bouvier 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2020,44(3):593-615

Six tourmaline samples were investigated as potential reference materials (RMs) for boron isotope measurement by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). The tourmaline samples are chemically homogeneous and cover a compositional range of tourmaline supergroup minerals (primarily Fe, Mg and Li end‐members). Additionally, they have homogeneous boron delta values with intermediate precision values during SIMS analyses of less than 0.6‰ (2s). These samples were compared with four established tourmaline RMs, that is, schorl IAEA‐B‐4 and three Harvard tourmalines (schorl HS#112566, dravite HS#108796 and elbaite HS#98144). They were re‐evaluated for their major element and boron delta values using the same measurement procedure as the new tourmaline samples investigated. A discrepancy of about 1.5‰ in δ¹¹B was found between the previously published reference values for established RMs and the values determined in this study. Significant instrumental mass fractionation (IMF) of up to 8‰ in δ¹¹B was observed for schorl–dravite–elbaite solid solutions during SIMS analysis. Using the new reference values determined in this study, the IMF of the ten tourmaline samples can be modelled by a linear combination of the chemical parameters FeO + MnO, SiO₂ and F. The new tourmaline RMs, together with the four established RMs, extend the boron isotope analysis of tourmaline towards the Mg‐ and Al‐rich compositional range. Consequently, the in situ boron isotope ratio of many natural tourmalines can now be determined with an uncertainty of less than 0.8‰ (2s).  相似文献   

Simulation of landscape spatial layout evolution in rural-urban fringe areas: a case study of Ganjingzi District   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Jun Yang  Andong Guo  Yonghua Li  Yuqing Zhang  Xueming Li 《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2019,56(3):388-405

In recent years, the rapid expansion of urban spaces has accelerated the mutual evolution of landscape types. Analyzing and simulating spatio-temporal dynamic features of urban landscape can help to reveal its driving mechanisms and facilitate reasonable planning of urban land resources. The purpose of this study was to design a hybrid cellular automata model to simulate dynamic change in urban landscapes. The model consists of four parts: a geospatial partition, a Markov chain (MC), a multi-layer perceptron artificial neural network (MLP-ANN), and cellular automata (CA). This study employed multivariate land use data for the period 2000–2015 to conduct spatial clustering for the Ganjingzi District and to simulate landscape status evolution via a divisional composite cellular automaton model. During the period of 2000–2015, construction land and forest land areas in Ganjingzi District increased by 19.43% and 15.19%, respectively, whereas farmland, garden lands, and other land areas decreased by 43.42%, 52.14%, and 75.97%, respectively. Land use conversion potentials in different sub-regions show different characteristics in space. The overall land-change prediction accuracy for the subarea-composite model is 3% higher than that of the non-partitioned model, and misses are reduced by 3.1%. Therefore, by integrating geospatial zoning and the MLP-ANN hybrid method, the land type conversion rules of different zonings can be obtained, allowing for more effective simulations of future urban land use change. The hybrid cellular automata model developed here will provide a reference for urban planning and policy formulation.  相似文献   

内蒙古中东部上侏罗统满克头鄂博组划分及时代          下载免费PDF全文

张永清 《地球科学》2021,46(1):162-171

内蒙古自治区中东部满克头鄂博组以流纹质火山碎屑岩为主夹山间湖盆相陆相碎屑岩及少量流纹岩或英安岩.沉积岩中产叶肢介Magumbonia paramecia,Nestoria reticulate,N.xishunjingensis,N.cf.pissoui,Lioestheria sp.;双壳类Ferganoconcha curta,F.subcentralis,F.elongate;植物:Ginkgoites sp.,Cladophlebis sp.,Lycopodites sp.,Baiera gracilis,Phoenicopsis sp.化石.岩石化学SiO₂71.47%~75.96%,Ai₂O₃12.50%~14.18%,K₂O 3.84%~4.98%,Na₂O 3.22%~4.14%,ALK 7.84%~9.12%,K₂O>Na₂O,显示高硅高碱特征;微量元素组成上以富集Rb、K、Th、U、La和LREE,亏损Ba、Nb、Sr、P和Ti为特征;稀土元素ΣREE=47.116×10-6~176.78×10-6,轻重稀土分溜明显,分溜系数（La/Yb）_N为4.79~25.56,δEu为0.05~0.61,为中等铕负异常.4个样品在logδ-logτ图解上全部落入造山带山花岗岩区、Rb-Y+Nb图解上落在火山弧花岗岩区、Nb-Y图解上全部落入火山弧花岗岩同碰撞花岗岩区;在阿巴嘎旗-扎鲁特旗-巴林右旗一带采集了4个锆石LA-MC-IC-MS同位素,年龄值分别为138.89±0.93 Ma、137.70±1.40 Ma、147.70±1.20 Ma和137.27±0.96 Ma,将满克头鄂博组的时代置于晚侏罗世-早白垩世.   相似文献   

Effect of the Dry Ashing Method on Cadmium Isotope Measurements in Soil and Plant Samples     

Wei‐Xin Lv  Hao‐Ming Yin  Meng‐Shu Liu  Fang Huang  Hui‐Min Yu 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2021,45(1):245-256

A dry ashing method is commonly used to remove organic material from samples prior to geochemical analysis. In the course of this study, the Cd isotope ratios of a series of soil and plant reference materials and samples were studied to evaluate the effect of the dry ashing method on measurement results of Cd isotope ratios. The samples were pre‐treated using the dry ashing method and high‐pressure bomb for comparison. The results show that the digestion using high‐pressure bombs did not lead to Cd loss, but using the dry ashing method would cause different proportions of Cd loss. The whole range of Cd isotope difference between two methods was from ?0.07‰ to 3.01‰. There was also an obvious difference in measured Cd isotope ratios from the same leaf sample pre‐treated independently by the dry ashing method, indicating that the amount of Cd loss and the effect on Cd isotope measurement during dry ashing is related to the properties of the samples. Therefore, dry ashing may not be appropriate for the removal of organic material in Cd isotope ratio measurement, especially for samples with high organic contents. The δ^114/110Cd values of reference materials NIST SRM 1573a and GSD‐30 are reported for the first time in this study.  相似文献   

GIS在需求链管理模型中的应用     

罗畏  邹峥嵘 《测绘工程》2011,20(1):47-50,54

随着电子商务的发展,传统的供应链管理模式已不能满足现代社会的需求,取而代之的是以MC为驱动的需求链管理模式.针对MC模式下的生产管理问题,分析MC环境下需求链管理的运作模式,运用OPN方法来构建需求链管理的模型.最后,重点介绍GIS理论和方法在该模型的物流管理、内部供应链管理、节点管理中的应用,研究该模型的主要目的就是...  相似文献   

Barium Isotopic Compositions in Thirty‐Four Geological Reference Materials Analysed by MC‐ICP‐MS     

Ya‐Jun An  Xin Li  Zhao‐Feng Zhang 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2020,44(1):183-199

Measurement of Ba isotope ratios of widely available reference materials is required for interlaboratory comparison of data. Here, we present new Ba isotope data for thirty‐four geological reference materials, including silicates, carbonates, river/marine sediments and soils. These reference materials (RMs) cover a wide range of compositions, with Ba mass fractions ranging from 6.4 to 1900 µg g^?1, SiO₂ from 0.62% to 90.36% m/m and MgO from 0.08% to 41.03% m/m. Accuracy and precision of our data were assessed by the analyses of duplicate samples and USGS rock RMs. Barium isotopic compositions for all RMs were in agreement with each other within uncertainty. The variation of δ^138/134Ba in these RMs was up to 0.7‰. The shale reference sample, affected by a high degree of chemical weathering, had the highest δ^138/134Ba (0.37 ± 0.03‰), while the stream sediment obtained from a tributary draining carbonate rocks was characterised by the lowest δ^138/134Ba (?0.30 ± 0.05‰). Geochemical RMs play a fundamental role in the high‐precision and accurate determination of Ba isotopic compositions for natural samples with similar matrices. Analyses of these RMs could provide universal comparability for Ba isotope data and enable assessment of accuracy for interlaboratory data.  相似文献   

SHRIMP U–Pb ages of detrital zircons from the Early Cretaceous Nakdong Formation,South East Korea: Timing of initiation of the Gyeongsang Basin and its provenance          下载免费PDF全文

Tae‐Ho Lee  Kye‐Hun Park  Keewook Yi 《Island Arc》2018,27(5)

To constrain the depositional age of the lowermost Nakdong Formation in the Early Cretaceous Gyeongsang Basin, SHRIMP U–Pb age determination was carried out on zircon separates. The U–Pb compositions of detrital zircons from the Nakdong Formation yield a wide range of ages from the Archean to the Cretaceous but show a marked contrast in age distribution according to the geographical locations within the basin. The provenance of the southern Nakdong Formation is dominantly the surrounding Yeongnam Massif, which is composed of Paleoproterozoic metamorphic rocks and Triassic to Jurassic plutonic rocks, whereas the central to northern Nakdong Formation records significant sediment derivation from the Okcheon Metamorphic Belt, which is distributed to the northwest, in addition to the contribution from the Yeongnam Massif. It is suggested that the maximum depositional age of the Nakdong Formation is ca 127 Ma, based on its youngest detrital zircon age population. The onset of its deposition at 127 Ma coincided with the tectonic inversion in East Asia from a compressional to an extensional geodynamic setting, probably due to the contemporaneous change in the drift direction of the Izanagi Plate and its subsequent oblique subduction.  相似文献