基于LEAP模型的城市交通低碳发展路径研究——以广州市为例     

黄莹  郭洪旭  廖翠萍  赵黛青 《气候变化研究进展》2019,15(6):670-683

以广州市为例,应用长期能源替代规划系统（LEAP）模型,通过设置政策情景、低碳情景和绿色低碳情景,模拟不同发展情景下广州交通领域未来的能源消费需求和CO₂排放趋势,分析城市低碳发展的方向和路径。结果显示,随着城镇化进程的加快和生产生活运输需求的增加,广州交通领域碳排放总量将持续增长,但增长速度有所放缓。政策情景下,广州交通领域的CO₂排放将于2035年左右达到峰值,严重滞后于广州市提出的碳排放总量达峰目标;低碳和绿色低碳情景下,通过加大低碳政策措施的力度,达峰时间有望分别提前到2025年和2023年。要实现城市交通的低碳发展,促进交通碳排放提前达峰,需要大力发展铁路和水路运输,全面落实公交优先发展战略,有效控制小汽车数量和出行频率,不断提高交通工具的清洁化和能效水平,逐步形成各种运输方式协调发展的综合交通运输体系,推动城市交通低碳发展。  相似文献   

Assessing the effectiveness of non-structural flood management measures in the Thames Estuary under conditions of socio-economic and environmental change   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Richard J. Dawson  Tom Ball 《Global Environmental Change》2011,21(2):628-646

Risk analysis and appraisal of the benefits of structural flood risk management measures such as embankments is well established. Here, a method to quantify, over extended timescales, the effectiveness of non-structural measures such as land use spatial planning, insurance and flood resilient construction is presented. The integrated approach couples socio-economic and climate change scenarios with long term land use modelling and flood risk analysis to generate maps and time series of expected annual damages. The analysis has been applied on a case study in the Thames Estuary in the UK. Stakeholders helped develop a number of scenarios that might lead to substantial changes in existing planning and insurance policies in the UK. The effectiveness of these changes was analysed and showed the substantial benefits in terms of reduction of future flood risks that are achievable with changes in planning policy, financial incentives and resilient property construction in the floodplain. Moreover, the reward can be increased through earlier action. Subsequently, the benefits of a range of policies are explored under the UK Foresight socio-economic scenarios. Different structural and non structural flood management interventions are tested and the results demonstrate that despite the potential for large increases in flood risk in the Thames Estuary, in all scenarios substantial flood risk reductions are possible. The effectiveness of non-structural measures is however sensitive to socio-economic changes and governance arrangements. The analysis described here will help to identify portfolios of non-structural and structural options that are robust to uncertainties.  相似文献   

Evaluating conditions for transboundary Marine Spatial Planning: Challenges and opportunities on the island of Ireland     

《Marine Policy》2015

Transboundary cooperation is viewed as an essential element of Marine Spatial Planning (MSP). While much of the MSP literature focuses on the need for, and benefits of, transboundary MSP, this paper explores the political and institutional factors that may facilitate the effective transition to such an approach. Drawing on transboundary planning theory and practice, key contextual factors that are likely to expedite the transition to transboundary MSP are reviewed. These include: policy convergence in neighbouring jurisdictions; prior experience of transboundary planning; and good working relations amongst key actors. Based on this review, an assessment of the conditions for transboundary MSP in the adjoining waters of Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland is undertaken. A number of recommendations are then advanced for transboundary MSP on the island of Ireland, including, the need to address the role of formal transboundary institutions and the lack of an agreed legal maritime boundary. The paper concludes with some commentary on the political realities of implementing transboundary MSP.  相似文献   

Learning from the systematic approach to aquaculture zoning in South Australia: A case study of aquaculture (Zones – Lower Eyre Peninsula) Policy 2013     

《Marine Policy》2015

South Australia is among the regions internationally, where there are currently strong drivers for anthropogenic and ecosystem marine planning decisions. Specifically, South Australia, in both State and adjacent Commonwealth Waters, is currently accommodating increasing interests such as oil exploration by multi-national companies in the Great Australian Bight, implementation of recently declared State Marine Parks, an increased public awareness of marine developments, commissioning of a desalinisation plant, government-focused marine science initiatives, long-standing commercial fisheries, a transparent legislative and political stage, and a relatively new aquaculture industry. Amongst this growing diversity in marine-based activities, a dedicated aquaculture legislative framework was created in South Australia with the commencement of the Aquaculture Act 2001 (the Act) to centralise the legislative processes required to underpin aquaculture regulation and administration. This centralisation has helped to create an effective platform to streamline administrative processes, reduce duplication between various government agencies such as planning authorities and environment protection agencies, and ultimately fostered investment in, and growth of, the South Australian aquaculture industry. As such Aquaculture zone policies are a key strategic management tool for sustainable aquaculture development in South Australia into the future. This paper provides a case study (Aquaculture (Zones – Lower Eyre Peninsula) Policy 2013) of the legislated regional marine planning framework for aquaculture development used in South Australia, with a focus on the key functions and processes that may have broader applications.  相似文献   

国土空间规划的海洋分区研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

周鑫  陈培雄  黄杰  王权明 《海洋通报》2020,39(4):408-415

国土空间分区作为国土空间规划编制和自然资源统一管理的基础，对整个规划体系具有重要的支撑作用。在统一的国土空间规划体系下，用海分区既有其独立性与特殊性，也面临着陆海统筹、生态文明建设、海洋高质量发展等政策提出的 新要求。文章系统梳理了 1983 年以来海洋功能分区体系 4 次演变历程，结合国土空间规划改革对分区体系的内在需求，指出海洋功能分区体系存在未覆盖海域全域，分区层级的尺度、分工、内容和结构与国土空间规划的要求不一致，分区方案未考虑用途管制的需求，以及陆海统筹不足等问题。在剖析现有各类规划政策分区、管制分区和功能分区在国土空间规划体系中的定位和作用的基础上，提出以海洋主体功能区为基础，海洋生态红线为底线，以原海洋功能区划分区为主体，将无居民海岛纳入规划范围，并在生态、农业、城镇空间的大框架下统筹协调海陆分区，形成国土空间规划中的海洋分区体系。全国和省级国土空间规划统筹海陆主体功能，划定主体功能区，并建立海洋产业保障区名录、无居民海岛保护与利用名录和海洋自然保护地名录。市县级国土空间规划划定“功能+管制”的利用分区，共划分出海洋保护区、海洋发展区和海洋保留3个一级分区以及核心保护区、一般控制区、海水增养殖区等 12 个二级分区。  相似文献   

Climate justice and global cities: Mapping the emerging discourses     

Harriet Bulkeley  JoAnn Carmin  Vanesa Castán Broto  Gareth A.S. Edwards  Sara Fuller 《Global Environmental Change》2013,23(5):914-925

Ever since climate change came to be a matter of political concern, questions of justice have been at the forefront of academic and policy debates in the international arena. Curiously, as attention has shifted to other sites and scales of climate change politics matters of justice have tended to be neglected. In this paper, we examine how discourses of justice are emerging within urban responses to climate change. Drawing on a database of initiatives taking place in 100 global cities and qualitative case-study research in Philadelphia, Quito and Toronto, we examine how notions of distributive and procedural justice are articulated in climate change projects and plans in relation to both adaptation and mitigation. We find that there is limited explicit concern with justice at the urban level. However, where discourses of justice are evident there are important differences emerging between urban responses to adaptation and mitigation, and between those in the north and in the south. Adaptation responses tend to stress the distribution of ‘rights’ to protection, although those in the South also stress the importance of procedural justice. Mitigation responses also stress ‘rights’ to the benefits of responding to climate change, with limited concern for ‘responsibilities’ or for procedural justice. Intriguingly, while adaptation responses tend to stress the rights of individuals, we also find discourses of collective rights emerging in relation to mitigation.  相似文献   

乡镇土地利用规划管理信息系统设计与实现   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘刚  李永树  许懿娜 《四川测绘》2009,32(6):269-272

针对当前乡镇土地利用规划中存在的问题，运用GIS的数据管理和空间分析等功能，结合规划区域的实际状况，开发了一个面向乡镇的土地利用规划管理信息系统，提高了土地管理的工作效率和信息化水平，能够实现乡镇土地的合理利用。  相似文献   

基于GIS的广东省综合运输体系规划信息平台构建研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

周智勇  方顺 《测绘软科学研究》2014,(5):101-104

广东省交通运输厅从2012年起,组织分期研究开发基于地理信息系统的广东省综合运输体系规划信息平台（简称＂平台＂）,旨在建立健全统一的全省交通运输业数据采集、发布标准及技术管理规范,分别构建5大类运输方式线网及重要的运输枢纽站场节点的多级图层,叠加形成全省综合运输体系布局规划＂一张图＂。＂平台＂采用4层设计,依托后台管理、应用分析和综合展示3大子系统,搭建了基础地理信息、经济社会、交通运输现状、综合运输体系规划成果及其他共5大类数据库,＂平台（一期）＂于2014年3月26日通过验收,实现了多维度、多视角展示和查询交通运输业数据成果的预期功能。研究实践将力促综合运输体系规划研究和决策方式实行根本性变革。  相似文献   

论浙江安吉矿产资源开发保护规划与区域经济的可持续发展     

任荣富  曲卫 《浙江国土资源》2002,18(1):90-95

安吉县矿产资源开发利用与保护规划工作在我省开展比较早 ,规划的组织实施在国发经济建设和社会发展中已发挥出较好的作用。在参与安吉地区农业生态环境地质调查过程中 ,结合资源环境的调查评价 ,在整顿矿业秩序 ,改善和修复矿山生态环境 ,矿山地质灾害调查防治等方面做了些尝试。本文就资源环境的开发保护 ,矿业经济与区域经济可持续发展方面作些探讨 ,对于正在进行或将要进行规划和实施规划的地区具一定借鉴意义  相似文献   

Cultivating climate justice: Green infrastructure and suburban disadvantage in Australia     

《Applied geography (Sevenoaks, England)》2017

Green infrastructure has recently risen to international prominence for its purported capacity to enhance urban sustainability, and particularly to modulate ambient temperatures in the context of climate change. We assess whether residents in a sub-tropical Australian city perceive green infrastructure as an effective climate adaptation response for reducing vulnerability to heat stress. Gold Coast City has pursued urban densification policies, such as reducing block sizes and increasing building heights, to accommodate rapid population growth. Little attention has been given to the combined impact of local heat island effects and global climate change upon lower-income residents in the city's suburban fringe, including rising energy costs associated with cooling homes. The study has three aims: to assess whether social disadvantage is associated with (1) concern about climate change impacts; (2) perceptions about the potential of green infrastructure to offer potential climate-adaptive benefits; and (3) the desire for more urban greening in a working class suburb. We used a mail-back survey to elicit information related to cooling dwellings, awareness of, and concern about, climate change impacts, perceptions of the benefits of green infrastructure, and desire for more urban greening. Results indicate that despite their vulnerability to heat stress, comparatively disadvantaged residents are no more concerned about climate change; nor are they any more inclined to encourage local government to enhance neighbourhood greenery. These residents are, if anything, less likely to perceive benefits of urban greening. Our findings indicate that cultivating support for green infrastructure in disadvantaged neighbourhoods will require parallel efforts to redress inequality.  相似文献