不同饵料对真蛸亲体产罗同量、受精卵孵化率及初孵幼体大小的影响     

刘兆胜  刘永胜  郑小东  曲海波 《海洋科学》2011,35(10):81-85

分别采用文蛤（Meretrix meretrix）、菲律宾蛤仔（Ruditapes philippinarum）、缢蛏（Sinonovacula constrzcta）、许氏平鲌（Sebastodes fuscescens）投喂处于产卵、护卵期的真蛸（Octopus vulgaris）亲体,通过测量亲蛸摄食量、产卵量、...  相似文献   

盐度对褐毛鲿胚胎发育和早期仔鱼存活率的影响     

陈朴贤 《海洋科学》2012,36(11):24-29

为了探索褐毛鲿(Megalonibea fusca)胚胎孵化和早期仔鱼生长发育最适宜的盐度条件,作者观察了其胚胎在6个盐度(35、30、25、20、15、10)海水中沉浮性、发育、初孵仔鱼分布状态.结果表明:胚胎在盐度35时完全上浮,盐度低于25完全下沉,在盐度30时处于半悬浮状态;不同盐度对胚胎发育有一定影响:在盐度30~15范围内,胚胎发育较快,孵化时间较为一致,在盐度35和10发育变慢,孵化时间延长2.5 h以上;初孵仔鱼在不同盐度海水中呈不同分布状态:在盐度35时完全上浮表层,盐度25~30分布于中下层至中上层,盐度25大部分仔鱼沉底,盐度低于20,初孵仔鱼全部沉底.观察了10个盐度(35、32、29、26、23、20、17、14、11、8)海水中胚胎孵化率和早期仔鱼存活率,结果表明:褐毛鲿胚胎在盐度35~8范围内孵化率达(76±2)%~(98±2)%,在较低盐度26~11区间,孵化率达(88±0)%~(98±2)%,显示低盐区更高的孵化率,而在较高盐度29~35区间,孵化率在(82±2)%~(84±2)%,并且具有明显趋向性,即盐度大于29,随盐度升高孵化率逐渐下降;盐度对早期仔鱼存活率有明显影响:孵化后40 h 正常仔鱼最高存活率在低盐度26~8区,为(89.4±2.2)%~(97.4±0.1)%,盐度大于29,随着盐度上升仔鱼死亡率骤然升高,在盐度29~35,升至(31.7±0.7)%~(38.1±1.5)%,畸形率升至(7.1±0.2)%~(10.7±0.5)%,正常仔鱼存活率下降至(61.0±1.0)%~(61.9±1.5)%.低盐度区仔鱼有更高的存活率.褐毛鲿胚胎最适孵化盐度在29~32,早期仔鱼最适培育盐度为26.  相似文献   

牙鲆孵化酶的分离纯化及其部分生物化学性质研究          下载免费PDF全文

史振平  樊廷俊  丛日山  汤志宏  汪小锋  付永锋 《海洋科学》2008,32(11):44-50

利用凝胶过滤柱层析和阴离子交换柱层析技术，从牙鲆（Paralichthys olivaceus）胚胎孵化液中分离纯化出了大小约为34．8ku的牙鲆孵化酶。该酶卵膜裂解的最适反应温度为35℃，最适pH为7．0；对底物酪蛋白的米氏常数Km值为1．53mmol／L。该酶对丝氨酸蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶的特异性抑制剂非常敏感，而对其他蛋白酶抑制剂不敏感，表明该酶极可能是一种丝氨酸蛋白酶类型的胰蛋白酶。此外，该酶可浓度依赖性地被EDTA所抑制，被Cu^2＋所强烈抑制，被Ca^2＋和Mg^2＋所激活，对Zn^2＋则不敏感，表明该酶很可能是一种金属蛋白酶。  相似文献   

温度对金红色大鳞副泥鳅(Paramisgurnus dabryanus)孵化、仔鱼活力和性别分化的影响     

马本贺  王海华  马爱军  黄智慧  李燕华  王梦杰  孙志宾 《海洋与湖沼》2022,53(2):448-456

以大鳞副泥鳅(Paramisgurnus dabryanus)新品系“赣红1号”为对象,探究了不同温度(20,23,26,29,32℃)对其受精卵孵化、仔鱼活力和性别分化的影响。结果显示,当温度在20~32℃范围内时,培育周期和孵化周期与温度均呈负相关关系,均随着温度的升高而缩短。培育周期在各温度组间差异显著(P<0.05),孵化周期在29和32℃组间差异不显著,其余各组间均具有显著差异(P<0.05)。随着温度的升高,孵化率先升高后降低,26℃时孵化率达到最高;畸形率呈现与孵化率相反的趋势,26℃时畸形率最低,且显著低于20、29和32℃组(P<0.05);仔鱼的不投饵存活系数(SAI)随着温度的升高而逐渐降低,各组间差异显著(P<0.05),23℃时SAI值为59.77,最大可存活时间为15日龄;此外,雄性率随温度的升高而增加,高温可促进个体趋向雄性发育。研究发现“赣红1号”受精卵孵化、仔鱼活力和性别分化均受到温度的重要影响,结合生产实际和试验数据,其孵化和仔鱼培育的适宜温度应保持在23~26℃。  相似文献   

Characterization of two newArtemia populations from two solar saltworks of Lesbos Island (Greece): biometry,hatching characteristics and fatty acid profile   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

G. V. Triantaphyllidis  T. J. Abatzopoulos  R. M. Sandaltzopoulos  G. Stamou  C. D. Kastritsis 《International Journal of Salt Lake Research》1993,2(1):59-68

Cysts of two parthenogeneticArtemia strains from the Kalloni and Polychnitos saltworks on Lesbos Island were evaluated for their potential use in aquaculture. The characterizations performed were: cyst and naupliar biometrics, cyst hatching characteristics, and fatty acid profile of instar-I nauplii. Deactivation of diapause after treatment with H₂O₂ and/or decapsulation were applied in order to improve cyst hatchability. The evaluation revealed that the strains studied exhibit acceptable hatching characteristics for parthenogeneticArtemia and that the fatty acid profile of the Kalloni strain is excellent for use in culturing marine fishes and crustaceans. Statistical analyses on cyst and naupliar biometrics showed that the two populations characterized are almost identical and very similar to other Greek parthenogenetic strains.  相似文献   

发头裸腹溞休眠卵发育的温度因子分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

黄诚  葛家春  孟文新  陈建秀  周婷 《湖泊科学》1996,(2)

测定了不同温度下发头裸腹溞(Moina irrasa)体眠卵的孵化时间及孵化率;取最先孵出和过半数孵出的两组数据依莱奥姆积温法则求得种群休眠卵最低临界温度为12.00℃,最低有效积温为441.61℃·h;最低亚致死高温点(即最适温度)为35.16℃,以及最低死亡高温点39.44℃。种群中过半数的临界温度为12.88℃,过半数有效积温为557.10℃·h,过半数的亚致死高温点为35.56℃以及过半数死亡高温点为39.49℃。讨论了这些参数在枝角类集约化培养中休眠卵的有效保存与启用所具有的实践意义。  相似文献   

Effect of temperature on embryonic and larval development of bream (Abramis brama L.)     

Dariusz Kucharczyk  Miroslaw Luczynski  Roman Kujawa  Piotr Czerkies 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》1997,59(3):214-224

Influence of water temperature on embryonic and larval development of bream (Abramis brama L.) was stdied. Eggs of bream were incubated at eight constant water temperatures between 13.2 and 26.8°C. The temperature of 21.1°C gave highest hatching success, with no abnormalities in the eleutheroembryos and lowest mortality observed between eyed egg stage and the time of hatching. Developmental rate increased with increasing temperature. Duration of embryonic development (y; hours) decreased with increasing incubation temperature (x; °C) according to the formula: y=910.1−65.88 x+1.318 x². Larvae were reared at eight constant temperatures ranging from 13.5 to 34.0°C. The instantaneous growth rate in wet weight increased with increasing test temperature from 13.5 to 29.9°C, and then decreased at higher temperatures. Individual growth of fish and biomass production rate were highest at 27.9°C. This temperature is considered optimal when food availability and photoperiod are no limiting factors.  相似文献   

Metals in eggs and hatchlings of Dermochelys coriacea (testudines) in Espírito Santo,Brazil and their relation to hatching and emergence success     

Jordana Borini Freire  Rafael M. Sousa  Karla Taufner  Maria TW Carneiro  Henrique R Filgueiras  Dominik Lenz  Paulo Dias Ferreira  Denise C Endringer 《Marine Ecology》2021,42(1):e12633

Certain concentration of metal may influence survival in embryonic stages, reducing the birthrate and hatching emergence. This study aimed to evaluate concentration of metal in eggs and hatchlings of Dermochelys coriacea and correlate metal concentrations in eggs with hatching and emergence success. The samples were collected at Biological Reserve Station, ES, Brazil. At the nests' opening, unhatched eggs and stillborn hatchlings were collected to survey the successful hatching and emergence of D. coriacea. The eggs shell, egg content, and dead hatchlings metal concentrations were compared to hatching and emergence success. A positive correlation was found between the concentration of copper (Cu) in the hatchlings and the success of the emergence (r² = .28, p < .05), and a moderate positive correlation between the concentrations of iron (Fe) and barium (Ba; r² = .44, p < .05) and success hatching. The concentrations of metals in eggs and hatchlings of D. coriacea in the Espírito Santo are below the levels that could be considered harmful to the species. In summary, there is a positive correlation between metals levels and hatching and emergence success.  相似文献   

双锯鱼属(Amphiprion)四种鱼种比较胚胎学研究和进化探讨     

张薇  孙志宾  马爱军  夏丹丹  王婷  于宏 《海洋与湖沼》2018,49(3):671-681

在严格控制水温和盐度条件下,对白条双锯鱼(Amphiprion frenatus)野生鱼、眼斑双锯鱼(A.ocellaris)野生鱼、海葵双锯鱼(A.percula)选育种和眼斑双锯鱼(A.ocellaris)选育种的胚胎发育进行观察比较。结果表明,所有双锯鱼几乎均稳定在一个月产卵两次,在相同的生长环境中,不同种类双锯鱼产卵时间相差不大,产卵间隔规律性较强;但胚胎发育时间有较大差别,海葵双锯鱼的选育种胚胎发育时间最长,眼斑双锯鱼的选育种最短。四种双锯鱼有着相同的胚胎发育学特征和孵化期,但胚胎发育时间不同,分别为244h、240h、260h、181h;其中卵裂期到神经胚期的发育时间差小于2h,翻转期至孵化期决定了胚胎发育时间。研究发现,不同双锯鱼胚胎发育时间可能与进化距离有关,且温度、光照周期以及卵质量与形态对其胚胎发育时间有较大影响。本研究的海葵双锯鱼选育种为纯人工选育的后代,在整个繁育过程中与野生种都有较大的差异。人工选育眼斑双锯鱼的胚胎发育时间最短,与野生眼斑双锯鱼差异明显。通过对不同双锯鱼比较胚胎学的研究可以丰富其人工选育技术,确定双锯鱼之间以及双锯鱼与其他鱼类的亲缘关系,为观赏鱼进化学说的发展和新品种选育提供依据。  相似文献   

大菱鲆卵子排放后在卵巢腔内老化特征初探     

宋宗诚  王学颖  薛蕊  肖志忠  马道远  刘清华  李军 《海洋科学》2019,43(7):106-111

为了探明大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)卵子在卵巢腔内老化的原因及特征,采用连续跟踪采卵的方式,通过荧光染色、生理生化指标测定,对不同采卵时间(0, 3, 6, 9, 12 h)的卵子活性氧和脂质过氧化情况(氧化产物丙二醛MDA)、抗氧化系统(超氧化物歧化酶SOD,还原型谷胱甘肽GSH)、卵巢液pH值及受精率和孵化率进行对比研究。结果表明,随着卵子在体内老化时间的延长,其活性氧含量及脂质过氧化程度逐渐升高,活性氧含量及过氧化程度与排卵后卵子老化呈正相关;SOD酶活力,GSH酶活力均显著下降,MDA含量显著提高;受精率和孵化率均显著下降。排卵后6h,孵化率降到2.87%～10.60%,此时的卵质已经极度恶化,不能再继续用于后续的生产中。综上,在卵巢腔中,卵子排放后,随着时间的延长,活性氧含量显著升高,抗氧化能力逐渐下降,受精率和孵化率显著降低,老化逐渐加剧。  相似文献