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1.
DABS—C1柱前衍生高效液相色谱法测定对虾肌肉中18种游离氨基酸 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
建立一种以DABS-Cl为柱前衍生剂，利用反相高效液相色谱测定对虾肌肉中18种游离氨基酸的方法。结果表明，在50min内18种氨基酸得到完全分离，各氨基酸相关系数均大于0．997，氨基酸的回收率在86．60%-107．27％之间（胱氨酸除外），方法的检出限为0．18~o．66mg／L，相对标准偏差为3．53％-8．51％（天冬氨酸除外）。 相似文献
2.
【目的】分析室内养殖的4、7和10月龄干、鲜糙海参的营养成分。【方法】用国标统一方法分析。【结果】随着生长发育,糙海参干体粗脂肪含量呈增加趋势,而粗蛋白和总多糖含量则呈下降趋势(P0.05);不同月龄糙海参鲜体内水分、粗蛋白、总多糖、总皂苷和粗脂肪含量差异有统计学意义(P0.05),粗脂肪含量低于检出限。在糙海参体内共检出17种氨基酸,其中8种必需氨基酸、1种半必需氨基酸和8种非必需氨基酸。4月龄糙海参干体各氨基酸含量显著低于7月龄和10月龄糙海参(P0.05),各月龄糙海参氨基酸含量由大到小顺序较为一致,为谷氨酸、甘氨酸、天冬氨酸、精氨酸、丙氨酸、脯氨酸,但鲜体蛋氨酸、亮氨酸,赖氨酸和组氨酸含量差异有统计学意义(P0.05),而其他氨基酸含量差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。不同月龄糙海参干体必需、非必需氨基酸比值和必需氨基酸占总氨基酸比例分别为0.36~0.38,26.58%~27.55%,鲜品的必需、非必需氨基酸比值和必需氨基酸占总氨基酸比例分别为0.33~0.36、26.06%~26.34%;不同月龄糙海参干体的鲜味、药用氨基酸占总氨基酸比例分别为60.74%~61.46%、66.29%~66.21%,鲜品的鲜味、药用氨基酸占总氨基酸比例分别为62.86%~64.03%、66.13%~66.46%。【结论】室内养殖糙海参品质和营养价值较高。 相似文献
3.
南海3种可食绿藻化学成分及其营养评价 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
对南海3种可食绿藻条浒苔(Enterom orpha clathrata)、石莼(Ulva lactucaL.)和总状蕨藻(Caulerpa racem o-sa)的主要化学成分进行了分析,结果显示:多糖、蛋白质和粗纤维是构成藻体的主要化学成分,占藻体的92%以上,其中膳食纤维占64.22%~70.80%;蛋白质占14.15%~18.91%,平均为16.16%,且蛋白质中必需氨基酸含量高,占总氨基酸的42.37%~48.37%,氨基酸评分在73分以上,第一限制氨基酸随藻种而变化;脂肪含量在0.51%~0.81%之间,均低于1%,多不饱和脂肪酸和必需脂肪酸含量高,其含量分别为其总量的56.10%~63.20%和37.71%~39.39%;矿物质和维生素含量丰富,尤其是Fe、Zn、I等矿质元素和维生素C含量高。3种可食绿藻是高膳食纤维,高蛋白,低脂肪,低热能,且富含矿物质和维生素的天然理想保健食品原料。 相似文献
4.
五种鲤科鱼类生长激素cDNA的克隆和序列分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过RT-PCR方法,以草鱼、鳙鱼、鲫鱼、鲤鱼、齐口裂腹鱼等5种鲤科重要经济鱼类的垂体总RNA为模板扩增出其生长激素(fish growth hormone,fGH)的完整ORF序列,并克隆到pMD18-T载体上,命名为pMD-1(草鱼)、pMD-2(鳙鱼)、pMD-3(鲫鱼)、pMD-4(鲤鱼)、pMD-5(齐口裂腹鱼)。测序结果显示,ORF序列其长度均为633 bp。序列分析表明,所有ORF序列均以ATG为起始密码,以TAG为终止密码,编码210个氨基酸残基,推导的生长激素前体由22个氨基酸的信号肽和188个氨基酸的成熟肽组成。同源性分析表明,草鱼、鳙鱼、鲤鱼、鲫鱼和齐口裂腹鱼的fGH同源性在93.3%~99.5%之间。 相似文献
5.
长江刀鲚营养成分分析与品质评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
分析长江刀鲚肌肉的一般营养成分、水解氨基酸、游离氨基酸、脂肪酸组成及11种矿物质含量,并对其营养价值进行评价。结果显示:1)长江刀鲚肌肉的蛋白质、脂肪、水分、灰分含量(质量分数,下同)分别为16.97%、6.42%、73.64%、1.25%;2)肌肉水解氨基酸含量为13.73%,必需氨基酸组成基本符合WTO评分标准;3)在肌肉检出18种游离氨基酸中以活性氨基酸(γ-氨基丁酸)为主,占总量的63.50%,其中呈味氨基酸占蛋白氨基酸的35.20%,是长江刀鲚具有特殊鲜味的原因之一;4)共检出13种脂肪酸,包括5种饱和8种不饱和脂肪酸,其中不饱和脂肪酸含量高达67.16%,以油酸比例最高,为53.61%;5)微量元素组成比例与一般淡水鱼类不同,5种常量元素和6种微量元素中,锌铜比分别为19,锌铁比1.1。 相似文献
6.
《广东海洋大学学报》2015,(6)
采用国家标准生化测定法对野生多鳞鱚(Sillago sihama)肌肉营养成分进行测定,并对其营养价值做出评价。结果表明,野生多鳞鱚肌肉(鲜样)中水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪和粗灰分质量分数为77.91%、19.80%、0.51%和1.49%。多鳞鱚肌肉中检测到18种氨基酸,占干样质量分数83.79%,其中8种必需氨基酸(EAA)占干样质量分数34.33%,占氨基酸总量的40.98%,4种鲜味氨基酸占干样质量分数为32.94%,其必需氨基酸的构成比例符合FAO/WHO的标准。多鳞鱚的第一限制性氨基酸为色氨酸(Trp),第二限制性氨基酸为含蛋氨酸和胱氨酸(Met+Cys),必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)为69.90。野生多鳞鱚中检测12种脂肪酸,不饱和脂肪酸3种,占干样质量分数为28.39%;单不饱和脂肪酸4种,占干样质量分数为15.51%;多不饱和脂肪酸5种,占干样质量分数为23.42%;EPA+DHA占干样质量分数为17.45%。多鳞鱚是一种营养价值较高、海鲜味较浓郁的优质鱼类。 相似文献
7.
采用国家标准生化测定法对细鳞鯻(Therapon jarbua)肌肉营养成分进行测定,并对其营养价值作出评价。结果显示,细鳞鯻肌肉(鲜样)中水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪和粗灰分的质量分数分别为76.69%、19.36%、4.34%和1.38%。肌肉中共检测到18种氨基酸,其水解氨基酸总量(AA)占鲜样的质量分数为18.66%,其中谷氨酸质量分数最高,占鲜样的2.98%;色氨酸质量分数最低,占鲜样的0.10%;必需氨基酸(EAA)占鲜样的质量分数为7.63%,占氨基酸总量的质量分数为40.88%,占非必需氨基酸(NEAA)总量的质量分数为80.83%;鲜味氨基酸(DAA)占鲜样的质量分数为7.20%,占总氨基酸的质量分数为38.60%。肌肉中必需氨基酸的氨基酸评分(AAS)平均值为0.97,化学评分CS平均值为0.70,必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)为66.87。第一限制性氨基酸为色氨酸(Trp),第二限制性氨基酸为缬氨酸(Val),必需氨基酸的质量分数接近FAO/WHO推荐模式。细鳞鯻肌肉中共检测到15中脂肪酸,其中饱和脂肪酸(SF A)6种,占干样的质量分数为39.68%;单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)4种,占干样的质量分数为23.56%;多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)5种,占干样的质量分数为35.72%;DHA与EPA总量占干样的质量分数为达到32.49%。细鳞鯻属营养价值较高、海鲜味较浓郁的优质鱼类。 相似文献
8.
《广东海洋大学学报》2020,(2)
【目的】系统分析和评价金枪鱼鱼卵营养成分。【方法】利用气相色谱、氨基酸分析仪和电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定金枪鱼鱼卵脂肪酸、氨基酸和矿物质元素组成。【结果与结论】金枪鱼鱼卵水分质量分数为(68.76±0.35)%,粗蛋白质量分数为(21.00±0.06)%,粗脂肪质量分数为(7.10±0.12)%,粗灰分质量分数为(1.60±0.08)%。电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)测得鱼卵中含有丰富的Mg、Ca、K、Na、Fe等金属元素。鱼卵中含有17种氨基酸,其中谷氨酸(Glu)含量最高,天冬氨酸(Asp)次之。鱼卵中含有7种必需氨基酸(色氨酸被水解),占氨基酸总量的40.17%;8种非必需氨基酸,占氨基酸总量的49.92%;必需氨基酸/非必需氨基酸为80.47%,必需氨基酸构成比例符合FAO/WHO关于理想蛋白源的标准。另外,鱼卵中有10种不饱和脂肪酸和5种饱和脂肪酸,分别占总脂肪酸含量的44.44%和51.56%。其中棕榈酸(C16:0)、硬脂酸(C18:0)和二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)为主要脂肪酸,三者之和占总脂肪酸含量的70.90%。鱼卵中磷脂含量丰富且不饱和脂肪酸种类多,可作为优质的脂肪酸来源。 相似文献
9.
【目的】测定乌苏里白鲑(Coregonusussuriensis)肌肉的营养成分,评价其营养品质。【方法】2016年11月2日于黑龙江干流抚远段采集乌苏里白鲑样品,用常规方法测定水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、灰分、氨基酸、脂肪酸和矿物质等成分,并分析其营养品质。【结果】乌苏里白鲑肌肉(鲜样)中水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪和粗灰分的含量分别为76.96%±2.29%、20.44%±1.48%、1.28%±0.23%和1.19%±0.12%。肌肉中含有18种氨基酸,其中8种必需氨基酸(EAA)鲜样中质量分数是7.12%±0.58%,占氨基酸总量的37.39%,符合FAO/WHO推荐的理想蛋白质标准。根据AAS值乌苏里白鲑肌肉中第1限制性氨基酸为苏氨酸,第2限制性氨基酸为色氨酸,必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)为60.36。乌苏里白鲑肌肉中含有丰富的不饱和脂肪酸,脂肪酸中EPA、DHA含量分别为6.31%、13.86%,明显高于其他几种经济鱼类。肌肉中富含K、Na、P、Mg等多种人体所需的矿物质元素。【结论】乌苏里白鲑肌肉是一种高蛋白、低脂肪、脂肪质量较高健康食品。 相似文献
10.
应用已知的标签序列通过RACE-PCR和RT-PCR方法成功克隆红笛鲷(Lutjanus sanguineus)α-珠蛋白和β-珠蛋白基因的全长cDNA序列。α-珠蛋白和β-珠蛋白基因的cDNA全长分别为560和563 bp,开放阅读框分别为429和444 bp,各编码143和148个氨基酸,理论相对分子质量分别为15690和16400,理论等电点为7.79和6.61。氨基酸序列BLAST结果表明,红笛鲷α-珠蛋白基因和β-珠蛋白基因编码的氨基酸序列与其他鱼类的相似性分别在59%~79%和55%~80%之间。用邻接法(Neighbor-Joining)构建的α-珠蛋白基因和β-珠蛋白基因的系统发育树表明,红笛鲷与真鲷(Pagrus major)、金头鲷(Sparus aurata)和鰤(Seriola quinqueradiata)等亲缘关系较近。 相似文献
11.
《中国海洋湖沼学报》2017,(4)
Information of the difference in quality between farmed and wild fish is central to better ensuring fish products produced in aquaculture meet regulatory and consumer requirements.Proximate composition,amino acid and fatty acid profiles,and toxic elements contents of farmed and wild Chanodichthys mongolicus were established and compared.Significantly higher crude protein content while lower moisture content in farmed fish compared to wild fish were observed(P0.05).The percentages of total amino acids(TAA),total essential amino acids(TEAA),total non-essential amino acids(TNEAA)and total delicious amino acids(TDAA) in farmed fish were all significantly higher than those in the wild equivalent(PO.05).Compared to the FAO/WHO recommended reference values,the ratios of TEAA/TAA(39.84%-40.33%) were comparable to 40%and TEAA/TNEAA(66.22%-67.60%) were above 60%.Fatty acid profiles in both fanned and wild C.mongolicus were dominated by monounsaturated fatty acid(MUFA),with farmed fish contained much more MUFA content compared to wild counterpart(P0.05).Notably,wild fish exhibited significantly higher levels of total polyunsaturated fatty acid(PUFA) including eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid(DHA) than farmed fish(P0.05).The EPA(C_(20:5n3))and linoleic acid(C_(18:2n6)) were the predominant PUFA in wild and fanned C.mongolicus,respectively.Moreover,farmed fish displayed an overall lower toxic element levels(As,Cd,Pb and Hg) in comparison with wild fish,and both were far lower than the established limit standard.In conclusion,our results suggest that the nutritional quality of farmed C.mongolicus was inferior to their wild counterpart with respect to fatty acids nutrition,and therefore further studies should focus on the improving C.mongolicus diet in order to enhance the overall nutritional composition. 相似文献
12.
Measurements were made on the contents of protein,lipid,glycogen(PLG)and water,and on caloric values and amino acids,in muscle of three mudskippers periophthalmus cantonensis,Scarteiaosviridis and Boleophthalmus pectinirostris collected from Haicang,Xiamen.The essential amino acids(EAA)for these fishes were also studied with radioisotopic trace method.The results showed:(1)Thecontent of each component in tested fish muscles differed slightly,and protein was the most importantcomponent making up from 6.685% to 9.891% of the wet weight (about 44.21%-50.45% of dryweight);(2)Energy calculated from the sum of protein, lipid and glycogen in wet muscle was low (<4.3kJ/g) in these Fishes, especially in B. pectinirostris(<3.1 kJ/g), the ratios of energy to protein content (E/P) also were low(<39.873-45.535kJ/g), (3)Seventeen amino acids were determined in thesethree fishes.The content of the same amino acid(among the seventeen) tested in different species andsexes varied slightly.The amounts of methionine, phenyl 相似文献
13.
对长江下游凤鲚、湖鲚和刀鲚卵巢氨基酸、脂肪酸和矿物元素组成及含量进行了测定分析。结果表明:三种鲚属鱼类卵巢鲜样中总氨基酸、必需氨基酸、呈味氨基酸含量差异不显著;必需氨基酸含量(w)为5.36%～6.32%,占总氨基酸含量为:0.43%、0.41%和0.43%,均以亮氨酸含量最高而色氨酸最低,赖氨酸含量(w)为0.96%～1.04%;饱和脂肪酸、单不饱和脂肪酸和多不饱和脂肪酸差异较显著,脂肪酸组成均以油酸含量最高,EPA和DHA总量(w)为8.00%～11.81%;矿物质含量大多也存在显著差异,常量元素含量最高的为钾(16970～22220mg/kg),微量元素则为锌(262.0～277.0mg/kg);不同水域生长环境对鲚属鱼类卵巢氨基酸含量影响不显著,而对脂肪酸和矿物质含量影响较显著。 相似文献
14.
LIU Zhifeng GAO Xiaoqiang YU Jiuxiang WANG Yaohui GUO Zhenglong HUANG Bin LIU Baoliang HONG Lei 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2018,(2)
To investigate the changes of the biochemical composition of American shad(Alosa sapidissima) eggs and larvae at embryonic and early larval stages, samples were collected at different development stages from artificial fertilization to the end of yolk absorption including 2 h, 12 h and 30 h after fertilization and newly hatched larvae including 1 and 3 days after hatching. The composition of lipid, fatty acids, protein and amino acids were analyzed. The content of total protein exhibited a decreasing trend during embryogenesis and larval development, and a significant reduction was detected after hatching(P 0.05). The total lipid content remained relative stable. A significant reduction was detected in almost all amino acids after hatching except for glycine(P 0.05), while a significant decrease was found in the content of cysteine, proline, tyrosine, valine, isoleucine, leucine and phenylalanine during the yolk-sac phase(P 0.05). On the other hand, all the groups of fatty acids remained stable during the period of embryogenesis. But after hatching, a significant decrease was found in the content of C18:2n-6, C18:3n-6, SFA and ratio of EPA/ARA(P 0.05), while a significant increase was found in the content of C18:3n-3, C20:4n-6, C22:6n-3 and ratio of n-3/n-6(P 0.05). In conclusion, the combined data suggested that American shad utilizes the protein content as preferential energy substrates during embryonic and early larval developments with some specificity in the consumption of different amino acids. 相似文献
15.
湛江海域6种常见经济海藻的营养成分分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
分析采自湛江海域的粗枝软骨藻Chondria crassicaulis、日本沙菜Hypnea japonica、鱼栖菜Acanthophora sp、芋根江蓠Gracilaria blodgettii、平卧松藻Codium repens、网地藻Dictyota dichotoma等6种经济海藻的营养成分。结果表明:碳水化合物是这些海藻的主要营养成分,占藻体干重的42.81%～66.11%,平均为55.93%;粗蛋白含量6.63%～11.13%;粗脂肪含量最低,除网地藻D.dichotoma(2.85%)外,其余5种皆不足藻体干重的1%;粗纤维和灰分含量在种间差别较大;矿物质含量丰富,其中磷、铁和锌分别在平卧松藻C.repens、网地藻D.dichotoma和鱼栖菜Acanthophora中占藻体干重的0.093%、0.13%和0.0055%;氨基酸含量较高,其中Thr、Val、Ile、Leu、Phe几种必需氨基酸的含量均高于FAO标准;不少种类中汞、镉、铅、砷等含量超出我国食品卫生标准。海藻体内的营养成分含量因海藻种类和生长海域的不同而有差异。 相似文献
16.
JI Zilu LI Ronghua WANG Chunlin ZHANG Zhouyi ZHANG Weijia MU Changkao SONG Weiwei 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2022,21(1):179-185
This study investigated the effects of long-term low-salinity on the growth performance,proximate composition,amino acid and fatty acid profiles of Scylla paramamosain.The salinity of the low-salinity-culture group(LC)and maintained-salinity-cul-ture group(MC)were set at 5 and 25 respectively.After rearing for 30 d,the survival rate(SR)of the LC group was significantly lower,whereas the average daily molting frequency(ADMF)was significantly higher than those in MC group(P<0.05).There were no significant difference for weight gain rate(WGR)and specific growth rate(SGR)between the two groups.The moisture content of the LC group was slightly higher than the MC group without significant difference.The contents of ash,crude lipid and crude pro-tein in the LC group were lower than those in the MC group,but no significant differences were found except for ash content.A total of 17 free amino acids and 23 fatty acids were identified from the muscle of S.paramamosain.The total amino acids(TAA),essen-tial amino acids(EAA)and essential amino acid index(EAAI)had no significant difference between the two groups.The crabs from LC group had a significantly higher HUFA,including EPA,DHA,ARA.The percentage of n-3 PUFA and the ratio of n-3/n-6 PUFA were significantly higher in the LC group.These results indicated that S.paramamosain rearing at low salinity had significantly de-creased SR;however,the low-salinity environment significantly promoted the accumulation of unsaturated fatty acids(UFAs),espe-cially the n-3 PUFA,which might be related to the osmoregulation mechanism. 相似文献