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1.
1522号台风外围佛山强龙卷X波段双偏振多普勒雷达反射率因子特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
广东是我国一个龙卷多发地区,近年来该地区发生的龙卷造成了重大人员伤亡和巨大的经济损失。为了开展对龙卷的监测和预警,2015年佛山市建设了X波段双偏振多普勒天气雷达。2015年10月4日下午广东省佛山市发生了一次龙卷天气过程,当龙卷涡旋移近佛山市X波段双偏振雷达时,该雷达探测到了超级单体风暴钩状回波内的龙卷涡旋。龙卷涡旋位于钩状回波的末端,龙卷涡旋的反射率因子呈现为一强反射率因子区,该强反射率因子区的中间反射率强度相对较弱;与该强反射率因子对应的位置,平均径向速度有明显的涡旋特征;在龙卷涡旋的位置,双偏振雷达的差分反射率ZDR有一明显的低值区,零滞后相关系数CC也有一明显的低值区。分析认为,这是龙卷卷起的杂物碎片形成的龙卷碎片特征。 相似文献
2.
贵州镇远“4·17”大风冰雹天气过程多普勒雷达回波特征分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用常规实况资料、地面自动站资料和黔东南州新一代多普勒天气雷达资料,对2013年4月17日发生在镇远县城有气象记录以来的大风天气过程进行总结分析,发现:此次特大风灾发生在热低压外围暖区,"上干下湿"的大气不稳定层结、强垂直风切变和对流层中下层(500 hPa以下)大气环境较大温度直减率环境条件下,风暴沿地面辐合线发展东移,在镇远县城特殊的地形强迫作用下,触发大风灾害发生;雷雨大风、冰雹发生前雷达基本反射率因子图上有明显高悬强回波特征、钩状回波、弱回波区和三体散射特征,组合反射率图上存在明显的高反射率因子梯度区,基本径向速度图上存在逆风区和风暴顶辐散,风暴发生前VIL值呈跳跃式增减变化,最大值超过40 kg·m-2,且大于25 kg·m-2的面积呈明显增大现象,这些特征对大风预警具有指示意义。 相似文献
3.
2001-08-07河南省局地强风暴天气过程分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2001年8月7日冷锋过境前河南中部出现了局地雷雨大风、冰雹、龙卷及短时强降水天气过程.分析结果表明地面高温高湿,为强风暴的发生提供了热力条件;高层冷平流、低层暖平流提供了层结条件;地面流场上风向辐合提供了动力条件.强风暴出现在高能区,并在高能区传播和移动.雷达回波的反射率因子特征为强度强、高度高、移速快;强回波位于移动方向前方,弱回波位于移动方向后方.平均径向速度场特征为辐合系统和气旋性辐合系统,垂直剖面图上,低层有明显的辐合界面. 相似文献
4.
遵义市冰雹天气过程雷达回波特征分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《贵州气象》2017,(3)
利用遵义新一代多普勒天气雷达资料,对2008—2016年6次天气过程的8个降雹风暴进行分析。结果表明:普通单体风暴持续时间短,强回波反射率因子高度高,径向速度图上有大量逆风区存在;超级单体持续时间长,具有明显的三体散射特征、弱回波区和强回波悬垂,径向速度图上有中气旋存在;多单体风暴中风暴的合并增强是降雹的主要原因,对多个联系紧密的风暴应予以重点关注,径向速度图上存在低层辐合、高层辐散配置;线风暴组织性强,在南部和中部易发展、增强产生降雹,强风暴回波柱向移动方向倾斜,具有明显的弱回波区和回波悬垂,径向速度图上回波后侧有大片的大风区,在风暴处形成强辐合区,对风暴的持续发展非常关键。 相似文献
5.
北京地区雷暴大风不同生命期内的雷达统计特征及预警提前量分析 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
选取2010—2014年发生在北京地区的19个致灾的雷暴大风天气过程,应用北京新一代多普勒天气雷达体扫资料的反射率因子和径向速度产品,分析了雷暴大风天气不同生命期内的雷达回波特征。分析发现依据径向速度大值区能对77.8%的带状回波造成的雷暴大风天气提前发布预警,能对100%的弓形回波造成的雷暴大风天气提前发布预警,而其中有67%可提前30min发布预警;孤立的块状回波前侧均未观测到阵风锋回波,径向速度图未观测到入流急流,径向速度大值区不明显。但径向速度图上观测到的中层径向辐合、入流急流、中气旋及反射率图上观测到的阵风锋都为雷暴大风的提前预警提供了重要指示特征。 相似文献
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7.
利用500 hPa、850 hPa等常规天气图资料和多普勒组合反射率、回波顶高、垂直累积液态含水量、径向速度、风廓线等天气雷达回波资料,对2011年7月29-31日辽宁省一次暴雨天气过程的多普勒雷达层状云降水回波特征进行分析,并分析了此次暴雨天气过程的多种雷达产品特征,探讨多种雷达产品对客观反映暴雨天气特征的可参考性,结果表明:此次暴雨降水地点主要发生在暖区、850 hPa切变附近,降水强度大、持续时间长;从雷达组合反射率图分析,地面大洼-辽中-法库-线有一个自西南向东北移动的降雨带存在,降雨带移动过程中,逐渐生成对流性云团产生暴雨,凤城-宽甸-线的降雨中心是由东南部发展的对流云团产生的;回波顶高近似均匀分布,空中液态含水量较小则表明这次过程的层状云降水特征明显;径向速度图表明7月30日20时降水产生时,径向速度出现相对大值区,其内有水汽辐合、质量辐合或较强的上升运动,强回波区域有弱的辐合气流;风廓线图可以看出在主要降雨时段,低层急流特征明显,最大风速可达27.3 m/s。 相似文献
8.
晴空回波有助于认识大气的风温湿结构,双偏振多普勒天气雷达为探测晴空大气提供了丰富信息。本文以2015年夏季南京信息工程大学C波段双偏振雷达探测的晴空回波为例,结合探空资料分析大气风温湿结构及晴空回波的影响因素,分析了晴空大气的反射率因子Z、径向速度Vr以及差分反射率因子ZDR回波特征。研究表明:大气温、压、湿梯度造成折射指数分布不均以及背景风场引起的湍流增强,均可造成晴空回波,其回波机理为湍流散射;差分反射率因子受到多普勒效应的影响;在风场及大气湍团干湿特性不同的情况下,晴空回波的差分反射率因子呈现不同的特征。研究结果有益于深入认识大气风温湿结构特征对雷达电磁波的散射的影响以及雷达资料质量控制。 相似文献
9.
2001年8月7日冷锋过境前河南中部出现了局地雷雨大风，冰雹，龙卷及短时强降水天气过程。分析结果表明：地面高温高湿，为强风暴的发生提供了热力条件；高层冷平流，低层暖平流提供了层结条件；地面流场上风向辐合提供了动力条件。强风暴出现在高能区，并在高能区传播和移动。雷达回波的反射率因子特征为强度强，高度高，移速快；强回波位于移动方向前方，弱回波位于移动方向后方。平均径向速度场特征为辐合系统和气旋性辐合系统，垂直剖面图上，低层有明显的辐合界面。 相似文献
10.
基于单多普勒天气雷达资料采用EVAP方法反演风场, 并结合径向速度、 反射率因子、 自动气象站和探空风场等观测资料, 对2005年12月6～7日山东半岛一次冷流暴雪过程的中尺度特征进行了深入分析, 结果表明： (1)雷达回波呈狭窄带状, 移动缓慢近乎停滞, 径向速度上存在风向切变线, 烟台和威海的暴雪不同步是冷流暴雪的典型特征; (2)首次通过雷达反演证实了逆风区实际就是风场切变在径向速度图上的反映, 垂直各层水平风场存在中尺度切变线, 且与强回波带相对应, 切变线的位置决定暴雪的落区; (3)通过雷达反演风场和风廓线共同揭示出强降雪产生时对流层中层有西北风、 西南风和东北风三股气流, 明显的西南气流位于850～700 hPa, 表明冷流降雪过程并非传统认为的仅有西北冷平流, 而是不同气流辐合的结果; (4)对流层中层的西南暖平流为云的播种和反馈机制提供了有利的天气背景条件, 使得冷流降雪增强, 这在常规观测资料中无法看到。 相似文献
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Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter. 相似文献
12.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
13.
Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration. 相似文献
14.
The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o. 相似文献
15.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
16.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
17.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
18.
Fei LIU Chen XING Jinbao LI Bin WANG Jing CHAI Chaochao GAO Gang HUANG Jian LIU Deliang CHEN 《大气科学进展》2020,37(7):663-670
正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment. 相似文献
19.
The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region. 相似文献
20.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献